Study English to 6th grade students of Suralaya Primary School. Data collection uses questionnaires or questionnaires that are loaded with indicators of the influence of gadgets and learning interests. The sample in the study was 40 students, in class VI of Suralaya Primary School. The Research Method that researchers choose is Quantitative, with questionnaires to 40 students. From the results of the study, it was found that as many as 98% of students increased their interest in learning English and 2% of students remained. Gadgets have a positive impact for Suralaya's 6th grade students, including facilitating communication, serving as a means of entertainment, increasing comfort in learning, and expanding knowledge. To reduce the negative impact of using gadgets, parents need to have an understanding of them, provide instructions, give explanations, give advice to children, as well as limit the duration of use of the device by children.

Youth is the driving force of all civilizations born in the culture of society. The state of maturity affects the mindset and behavior. Sensitivity is very high in sniffing out various problems of the surrounding reality. The effectiveness of this sense is what drives the sensitivity to make changes to overcome various conditions. Based on this phenomenon, researchers use Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities as a tool for analysis. Anderson said that collective imagination or imagination will bring into a shared awareness. In addition, youth are the driving force, because they have the opportunity to change the conditions of their society. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. This is in line with the analysis that seeks to describe and explain the reality that exists within a scope of society.

For citizens who support democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM), civic education is an important instrument to shape their character and mentality. In the era of globalization and openness of information, the value of education which places a strong emphasis on strengthening human rights (HAM) values is very important. The design of civic awareness for theoretical approaches and literature research may actively involve the formation of citizenship, as discussed in this paper. This article examines the application of incorporating human rights (HAM) ideals into civic education instruction in educational settings using a descriptive qualitative approach. Civic education is an important instrument in shaping the character and mindset of citizens who uphold democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM). The political consequences of this research include the need for curriculum renewal, institutional support, teacher training and the idea that civic learning is a process rather than a means to achieve civic and human ideals.

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that is not only related to economic aspects, but also social, cultural, and political, which affects the welfare of poor families. The Family Hope Program (PKH) in Makassar City is designed as a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the welfare of poor families through the provision of financial assistance and increased access to basic services. This study aims to explore the role of social companions in building trust, factors that affect the participation of poor families, and obstacles in the implementation of PKH. The method used was descriptive qualitative with subjects of 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that social companions play a crucial role as communication mediators who build trust through an empathetic and familial approach, which strengthens the sense of belonging to the program. Family participation is influenced by social capital, local cultural norms, education levels, as well as bureaucratic constraints and access to services. Barriers such as social stigma, complicated bureaucracy, and limited companion training hinder the effectiveness of the program. Habermas's theory of communicative action and Durkheim's social solidarity support the finding that open dialogue and harmonious relationships between companions and families are key to successful social empowerment. It was concluded that strengthening the capacity of companions, simplifying bureaucracy, and increasing participatory dialogue spaces are needed to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of PKH in Makassar.

Meskipun pengakuan terhadap agroforestri tradisional  sebagai strategi pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan semakin meningkat, penelitian yang mengintegrasikan analisis keanekaragaman tanaman dengan persepsi lokal untuk memahami ketahanan ekologi-ekonomi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara keanekaragaman tanaman dalam sistem agroforestri dan kontribusinya terhadap stabilitas ekosistem serta ketahanan ekonomi komunitas lokal di Desa Dulamayo Selatan, sekitar Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Gorontalo, Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran, kami menggabungkan analisis vegetasi kuantitatif melalui 9 plot dinamis (72 sub-plot) dengan survei sosial yang melibatkan 60 rumah tangga dan wawancara mendalam dengan 5 informan kunci, dengan penilaian menggunakan skala Likert (1-5). Analisis Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) menunjukkan dominasi spesies serbaguna, dengan Arenga pinnata (INP=113,72), Lansium parasiticum (INP=68,8), dan Aleurites moluccanus (INP=48,45) menjadi komponen kunci dalam sistem agroforestri lokal. Komunitas lokal menilai tinggi jasa ekosistem dari sistem agroforestri, khususnya penyediaan air bersih (4,4/5) dan mitigasi bencana alam (4,2/5). Analisis regresi menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan antara kesadaran lingkungan dan manfaat ekonomi (R²=0,72), mengindikasikan bahwa kesadaran ekologis dan keuntungan ekonomi dapat bersinergi dalam pengelolaan agroforestri. Preferensi terhadap spesies serbaguna mencerminkan strategi adaptif untuk memaksimalkan manfaat dari sumber daya lahan yang terbatas, sambil menjaga keanekaragaman hayati dan fungsi ekosistem. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mengintegrasikan kesadaran ekologis ke dalam program pengembangan agroforestri dan menyoroti potensi diversifikasi spesies untuk meningkatkan ketahanan ekologi sekaligus stabilitas ekonomi pada komunitas yang bergantung pada hutan.

 

Classroom management skills are one of the fundamental competencies in teaching aimed at creating and maintaining an optimal learning environment. In other words, this skill is closely related to the professional abilities of teachers to produce favorable conditions, provide enjoyment for learners, and foster a healthy learning discipline. This study aims to understand how classroom management is implemented at Private High School Utama Medan located in Medan Tembung District, Medan City. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. Several issues that arise in classroom management at Private High School Utama Medan include: students seeking attention, emotional students, students facing learning difficulties, students who struggle to cooperate with their group mates, groups that violate regulations, a lack of adequate learning media, and a classroom atmosphere that is not supportive.

This study examines the application of the Lagrange method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in solving the Economic Dispatch problem at the Tanjung Jati B Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The main objective is to compare the effectiveness of both methods in optimizing load distribution among generation units and to evaluate potential operational cost savings compared to actual operating conditions. The optimization model minimizes a quadratic generation cost function, subject to system load demand and the power output limits of each unit. Simulation data includes daily load distribution and fuel-related parameters such as calorific value and fuel price. The results show that the Lagrange method yields an average power output of 2,367 MW, equal to the real condition, while PSO produces 1,966 MW, which is 16.94% lower. In terms of cost savings, PSO achieves an average saving of IDR 938,501, while the Lagrange method and real operation yield average savings of IDR 1,078,064 and IDR 1,073,076 respectively. In percentage terms, Lagrange shows 12.95% higher savings than PSO and 0.46% higher than the actual condition. This study highlights the importance of integrating optimization methods in power plant operations to improve efficiency and reliability of electricity supply.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students and Rahmatan lil Alamin Students (P5PPRA) within the Merdeka Curriculum for Grade 4 students at MI Ziyadatul Iman, Jambi City. The focus is on how the program is carried out and the factors that influence its success. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the implementation of P5PPRA consists of three key stages. First, the planning stage involves forming a facilitator team, assessing the school’s readiness, choosing project themes and dimensions, and preparing modules and schedules. Second, the implementation phase includes five steps: introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. Third, evaluation is conducted by teachers through performance assessments, evaluation of student products, and assessment of attitudes and skills, using both written tools and observation. Supporting factors include cooperation from school stakeholders, sufficient facilities, and available funding. Meanwhile, obstacles include a lack of teacher training on the Merdeka Curriculum and limited understanding of P5PPRA. By identifying these factors, schools can strengthen support and find solutions to challenges, helping ensure the program runs effectively.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process and results of creating animated video learning media using the Animaker application with the theme "Fit und Gesund" for the Hören A1 subject. This development uses "Animaker" as a learning media for the A1 Listening subject, which adopts Plomp's theory as a development model. The results of this study are learning media for German in the form of a video "Fit und Gesund" using the Animaker application to support the A1 Listening subject. This media was developed based on the Netzwerk A1 book. Material experts gave a score of 95.8 for the learning media based on the Animaker application, which is included in the "Very Good" category. Media experts gave a score of 92.8 for this media. Based on the assessment criteria, this media is also categorized as "Very Good". Therefore, this Animaker application-based learning media is considered a feasible, practical, and effective media for Hören A1 skills.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sula Islands, an educational institution located in the archipelago with its own geographical characteristics and challenges. The focus of this study is to assess the effectiveness of curriculum implementation in shaping a flexible, participatory, and contextual learning experience. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaires of school principals, vice principals for curriculum and student affairs, and grade XI science and social studies students. The results of the study showed that all respondents from school management gave an assessment of the "Very Good" category to the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Meanwhile, students in grade XI Science gave 92% of responses in the "Very Good" category, and students in grade XI Social Studies recorded 74% in the same category, with a small percentage being in the "Poor" category. These findings indicate that the Independent Curriculum approach that emphasizes project-based learning, learning differentiation, and formative assessment has been successfully adapted effectively by teachers and students. Teacher training support, availability of facilities, and adaptation to the local context have all contributed to this success. The implications of this study show that the Independent Curriculum can be effectively implemented in the archipelago if supported by visionary school leadership and continuous training. This study makes an empirical contribution to the national education reform literature and opens further research opportunities on curriculum adaptation in the 3T region.