This study examines the effect of personalization-based digital marketing strategies on brand loyalty within cross-cultural contexts, employing A/B testing and multivariate analysis methods. The research is motivated by the critical role of digital marketing in fostering consumer relationships and the challenges of understanding cultural differences that influence consumer responses to marketing strategies. The primary objective of the study is to analyze how cultural dimensions moderate the effectiveness of personalized marketing content in enhancing brand loyalty. The study was conducted through an experiment involving 200 participants divided into two groups: one group received personalized digital content, while the other received standard content. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of culture and marketing strategies on brand loyalty, consumer satisfaction, and product recommendations. The results indicate that personalized content significantly increases brand loyalty (M = 4.5, SD = 0.8) compared to standard content (M = 3.8, SD = 1.0; p < 0.05). Additionally, consumers from collectivist cultures demonstrated a more positive response to personalized content, with higher brand loyalty scores (M = 4.6) compared to those from individualist cultures (M = 4.0). This study underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in digital marketing strategy planning. Integrating personalization elements with an understanding of cultural contexts has been shown to enhance consumer engagement and foster stronger brand loyalty. These results provide both empirical contributions and practical guidance for companies in designing effective marketing campaigns for diverse global markets.

The digitalization of cultural preservation through education is crucial in the digital era. The Betawi Cultural Community, Sanggar Bale Bambu in Depok, West Java, faces challenges in introducing Betawi culture to the public, particularly in the documentation and management of cultural services. Although many studies on cultural digitalization exist, few educational applications directly collaborate with cultural communities and support cultural services. This study aims to design the User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) of a mobile application as a learning medium for Betawi culture and cultural services, beginning with user needs identification to minimize development errors. The method used is Design Thinking, which emphasizes empathetic understanding of user needs and produces innovative solutions. The research process includes problem formulation, empathy, ideation, responsive prototyping using Figma, and qualitative Usability Testing. The result is an application Prototype with six main educational features: pencak silat, ondel-ondel, Betawi music, Betawi accessories, lenong, and palang pintu. Testing showed that the application is easy to use, informative, and effective as a digital medium for introducing Betawi culture. Further research can continue with in-depth quantitative Testing, back-end integration, and broader user Testing for additional validation.

In the current digital era, consumer perceptions and decisions can be influenced by social media, one of which is TikTok, in the dissemination of information through Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) which can influence consumer behavior. This study aims to analyze eWOM on TikTok towards the purchase intention of Azarine serum products using the Information Adoption Model (IAM) approach. This model examines how information quality, information quantity, and information credibility affect the usefulness of information which then has an impact on information adoption and purchase intention. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, where data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents who were TikTok users and had been exposed to Azarine serum content. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS software. The results showed that information quality did not have a positive and significant effect on the usefulness of information, while information quantity and information credibility had a positive and significant effect on the usefulness of information. Furthermore, the usefulness of information had a positive and significant effect on information adoption and information adoption had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. These findings emphasize the importance of information characteristics in shaping consumer decisions and can be a reference for companies in designing more effective digital communication strategies on social media.

This article discusses the integration of entrepreneurship in Islamic education management through a literature review approach. The purpose of this study is to identify the concepts, challenges, and implementation strategies of entrepreneurship grounded in Islamic values within the management of Islamic educational institutions. The review reveals that entrepreneurship in Islamic education is not solely oriented towards economic aspects but also emphasizes ethical values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and social responsibility. Such integration has the potential to enhance the independence, innovation, and sustainability of Islamic educational institutions. However, structural and cultural barriers remain significant challenges that must be addressed through strengthening entrepreneurship curricula based on Islamic principles, capacity building of human resources, and supportive institutional policies. This study concludes that the integration of entrepreneurship in Islamic education management is a strategic necessity to respond to the dynamics of modern education and to develop adaptive and visionary institutions.

This study aims to describe the trend of research on carbon tax, focusing on article identification including the year of publication, the countries that produce the most articles, the articles with the most citations and related topics. This study uses bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer software based on Scopus data, covering 206 articles published from 2015-2025. Data was collected using the keyword “Carbon Tax” to be analyzed for identification. The results found that the number of publications on carbon tax fluctuated each year, with 2024 being the most published year with 37 articles. China and the United States lead in the number of articles and citations, followed by India and other countries. The article "Retailer-driven carbon emission abatement with consumer environmental awareness and carbon tax: Revenue-sharing versus Cost-sharing" was the most cited with 359 citations. Research trends on carbon taxes focus on emissions control and the environment, emissions trading and public policy, economic analysis and computational modeling, sustainability policy and supply chains and environmentally sustainable renewable energy. The pattern of research conducted by researchers shows that research on carbon tax now focuses on carbon emission trading, energy supply chain, transition to renewable energy as well as more technical aspects such as carbon accounting, sensitivity analysis and energy utilization in achieving net zero emission

Oil palm is a key commodity supporting Indonesia’s economy through exports and employment. The industry’s success depends heavily on the selection of superior seedlings, which determine productivity, crop quality, and resistance to pests and diseases. Manual selection, however, often leads to subjectivity and inconsistency due to limited human resources and genetic variation. To address this, the study applies the Naïve Bayes algorithm for classifying oil palm seedlings based on seven variables: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf color, disease resistance, root growth, and fruit yield. Using an explanatory quantitative method, the study follows seven stages: identifying problems, literature review, collecting 1,000 data entries from PT Intitama Berlian Perkebunan, data pre-processing, system modeling (UML), algorithm implementation, and evaluation using a confusion matrix and black box testing. Data was split into 80% training and 20% testing. The Naïve Bayes-based classification achieved 95% accuracy and perfect recall (1.00) for the superior seedling class. However, its performance on the minority class (non-superior seedlings) was weaker due to dataset imbalance. Black box testing verified all system functions worked correctly, enabling effective and efficient use by administrators. The study concludes that Naïve Bayes improves objectivity, efficiency, and accuracy in seedling selection. Nonetheless, attention is needed on data balancing and optimization to maintain consistent performance across classes. This system shows strong potential as a decision-support tool in plantations and promotes digital transformation in agricultural processes.

This thesis is entitled “Analysis of Color Adjective Polysemy in Russian". The thesis contains research on polysemy analysis of several colors in the Russian language and explains the use of color adjectives polysemy meaning according to context in sentences. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods by taking primary data sources from the Russian-Indonesian dictionary by Victor Pogadaev (2010) and secondary data from ruscorpora.ru and udarenie.ru. The study was conducted by analyzing what meaning is contained in a color and what nouns can give rise to the meaning in question. The author uses the theories put forward by Russian linguists as a Research Foundation, including Valgina (2003), Rozental (2001), Novikov (2003), Bobrova (1993), Rozental’ et al (2010), Kobozeva (2000), dan Pulkina (1975). The purpose and results of this study will show that color adjectives in the Russian language have many meanings and the use of color polysemous meanings in a sentence.
 

This research examines the application of International Humanitarian Law in armed conflicts and the involvement of countries in blockades to promote peace. It reveals that Humanitarian Law is enforced through the 1977 Additional Protocol, which governs international and non-international armed conflicts. The study also highlights Israel’s use of retaliatory Cast Lead operations in response to Hamas rocket attacks, which pose a threat to Israeli citizens’ safety. A narrative review is a research method that defines a topic, searches for relevant literature, organizes it, analyzes findings, and presents results in narrative form. It is suitable for broad overviews and provides flexible analysis. The ancient state of Israel, established by Shaul around 1025 BC, faced conflicts with the Palestinian nation, leading to the rise of groups like Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The Israeli Navy declared a blockade of the Gaza Strip in 2009, but the status of occupation remains questionable. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is needed to protect victims affected by the conflict, and law enforcement mechanisms include diplomatic settlements, criminal investigations, and warnings. International Humanitarian Law is consistently respected and enforced, despite ongoing breaches, particularly in armed conflicts. Blockades, such as Israel’s infringement on Gaza, have resulted in widespread pain and loss of lives, highlighting the need for a more balanced approach to conflict resolution.

Kawasan Pasar Mranggen, Kab. Demak merupakan salah satu daerah yang berada pada salah satu ruas jalan provinsi dengan kepadatan arus lalu lintas yang cukup tinggi. Kemacetan yang terjadi pada kawasan tersebut juga diakibatkan karena aktifitas pasar dan kendaraan yang berhenti di sekitar kawasan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lalu lintas yang ada di kawasan Pasar Mranggen, mengetahui sirkulasi simpang, dan mengetahui karakteristik parkir eksisting serta kebutuhan lahan parkir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode MKJ1 1997 dan Pedoman Teknis Penyelenggaraan Fasilitas Parkir 1996. Dari hasil analisa didapat hasil untuk ruas Jl. Semarang-Godong volume lalu lintas tertinggi pada hari Senin dengan 3013 smp/jam dan Derajat Kejenuhan 1,85 dengan tingkat pelayanan F yang berarti arus yang terhambat,kecepatan rendah,dan sering terjadi kemacetan. Untuk kinerja simpang di kawasan Pasar Mranggen volume tertinggi pada hari Kamis dengan 1228 smp/jam dan Derajat Kejenuhan 1,56 dengan tingkat pelayanan F yang berarti berkecepatan lambat, hambatan besar dan kemacetan arus. Untuk lahan parkir off street untuk mobil (3 SRP < 20 SRP), untuk motor (102 SRP

This study aims to analyze the tofu production process in the household industry in Jambu Lor Hamlet. This research was conducted using observation methods and in-depth interviews with household tofu entrepreneurs in the area. The main focus of this study is to describe the stages of tofu production, starting from the selection of raw materials, the manufacturing process, to the distribution stage of the finished product. In addition, this study also evaluated factors that affect the quality of tofu products, such as soybean selection, processing techniques, and the influence of the surrounding environment. The results showed that despite using simple equipment, the household industry in Jambu Lor Hamlet was able to produce tofu with good quality, with some innovations in the production process tailored to the needs of the local market. This study is expected to provide useful insights for the development of the household tofu industry in the region and strengthen the local economic sector.