This study aims to elucidate the underlying factors driving Japan’s cooperation with Myanmar during the humanitarian crisis following the military coup. This study aims to uncover Japan’s unexpressed interests in maintaining its relationship with Myanmar, particularly as Japan becomes increasingly criticized. By applying rational choice theory, which is based on calculating the cost and benefit of each policy option, in addition to the logic of Neoclassical Realism to incorporate the interpretation of domestic institutions such as corporate interest and public opinion, it contains the rational choice dimensions of why Japan decided to adopt hedging strategy in Myanmar. The study employs a qualitative case study methodology incorporating process tracing to chart the evolution of Japan’s Southeast Asia policy through analysis of primary Ministry of Foreign Affairs documents, Official Development Assistance (ODA) data, and policymakers’ public speeches. The results provide evidence that Japan values long-term benefits in terms of resource access and strategic leverage to counterbalance China’s influence in Southeast Asia, while minimizing its reputational costs through limitations on direct assistance to the Tatmadaw. Moreover, the survey’s findings also suggest that, following the coup, boundedly rational decision-making under conditions of limited information led Japan not to impose humanitarian sanctions but to opt for a mixture of economic engagement and soft balancing. This research fills a gap in literature by demonstrating how state actors engage in rationalist calculations and thereby manage the tension between human values and national interests.Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap minat Jepang yang tidak diungkapkan untuk menjaga hubungannya dengan Myanmar, khususnya, karena Jepang menjadi lebih dikritik. Dengan menerapkan teori pilihan rasional, yang didasarkan pada perhitungan biaya dan manfaat dalam setiap opsi kebijakan, selain logika Realisme Neoklasik untuk memasukkan interpretasi tentang institusi domestik seperti kepentingan perusahaan dan opini publik, ini mengandung dimensi pilihan rasional mengapa Jepang memutuskan untuk mengadopsi strategi lindung nilai di Myanmar. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus kualitatif dengan penelusuran proses yang digunakan untuk melacak perkembangan kebijakan Jepang yang ditujukan untuk Asia Timur dan Tenggara, dengan menganalisis dokumen kebijakan primer dari Kementerian Luar Negeri Jepang, data Bantuan Pembangunan Resmi (ODA), dan pidato publik yang dibuat oleh pembuat kebijakan. Hasilnya memberikan bukti bahwa Jepang menghargai manfaat jangka panjang dalam hal akses sumber daya dan pengaruh strategis untuk mengimbangi pengaruh Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara sambil meminimalkan biaya reputasinya melalui pembatasan bantuan langsung kepada Tatmadaw. Selain itu, temuan survei juga menunjukkan bahwa setelah kudeta, pengambilan keputusan yang sangat rasional dalam kondisi informasi terbatas membuat Jepang tidak menjatuhkan sanksi kemanusiaan, tetapi memilih campuran keterlibatan ekonomi dan penyeimbangan halus. Penelitian ini mengisi celah dalam literatur dengan menunjukkan bagaimana aktor negara terlibat dalam perhitungan rasionalis dan dengan demikian menangani ketegangan antara nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan kepentingan nasional.

Entrepreneurial management is a process that involves the ability of individuals to create, manage, and develop businesses effectively in order to survive and compete in the midst of dynamic market changes. In this context, interest, creativity, and connections are important factors that can drive the success of a business, especially in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of interest (X1), creativity (X2), and connection (X3) on business success (Y) in food MSME actors in Sumberejo Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The main instrument used in data collection is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of respondents in this study was 77 people, who were selected using purposive sampling techniques based on certain criteria such as the length of business and the type of food products produced. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of statistical software. The results of the study show that the variables of interest, creativity, and connection simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses. Thus, MSME actors who have a high interest in entrepreneurship, are able to create product innovations, and have a wide network of relationships, tend to have a greater chance of achieving business success. This research suggests the need for entrepreneurship training that not only focuses on the technical aspects of production, but also the development of soft skills and social networks. Thus, the empowerment of MSMEs in rural areas will be more optimal and sustainable. These findings are expected to be a reference for village governments, training institutions, and other related parties in formulating strategies to strengthen MSMEs in rural areas.

The transition to Industry 5.0 necessitates a robust legal framework to regulate human capital investment, ensuring digital workforce development aligns with labor protections and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the regulatory structures governing human capital investment in Indonesia, the European Union, and the United States, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing digital transformation challenges, AI-driven employment governance, and workforce adaptability. A mixed-methods approach integrates legal analysis with empirical assessments of policy effectiveness, workforce investment trends, and labor market outcomes. Findings reveal significant disparities in AI workforce governance, skill accreditation, and automation labor rights. Indonesia’s fragmented legal framework hinders workforce reskilling and AI employment governance, while the European Union’s AI Act provides a structured, albeit inconsistently implemented, model for digital employment regulation. The United States, despite its technological leadership, lacks federal AI workforce policies, leading to state-level regulatory variations. The study underscores the necessity of harmonized legal frameworks to bridge workforce skill gaps, protect labor rights, and advance SDG-aligned workforce policies. Future legal reforms must prioritize AI governance, digital workforce training, and cross-border labor protections to ensure equitable workforce transitions. Strengthening public-private partnerships, standardizing AI employment regulations, and enhancing labor rights enforcement will be essential for fostering sustainable human capital investment in the industry 5.0 era. The contribution of research extends beyond theoretical frameworks, providing substantial implications for policy formulation, industry practices, educational advancements, and societal improvements.

Financial performance analysis using the ratio analysis method is very effective for knowing the finances of a company or business, which includes both internal and external aspects. In addition, financial performance analysis functions to evaluate the financial condition of the company, which aims to make a decision on a financial problem that occurs. So that there will be improvements in financial performance in the future period. This study uses a quantitative method, focusing on the company's financial performance. The types and sources of data used are secondary data in the form of balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and data needed from 2022-2024, the data is taken from UMKM or Family Camp Outdoor businesses. UMKM located in the West Bandung Regency area is engaged in the field of outdoor equipment rental services for those who have a hobby of being active or adventuring in nature. Researchers will analyze the financial performance of this business using the ratio analysis method. The analysis used is a quantitative analysis consisting of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. Based on the research, the research results obtained from UMKM or Family Camp Outdoor businesses have good performance. This is proven quite well using the liquidity ratio, solvency ratio and profitability ratio which results in increasing financial performance every year. The financial performance results of the Family Camp Outdoor UMKM can be said to be very good.

The women's group empowerment program through innovative beadwork in Kedungkandang District, Malang City, aims to improve members' management, marketing, and skills in creating attractive products. The methods applied include socialization, training, product development, and business assistance. The main works include innovative products, e-commerce websites, and the formation of artisan cooperatives. This program demonstrates excellence in a holistic approach that integrates technical training, creativity, and digital marketing, successfully increasing production capacity and turnover by 100%. Significant impacts are seen in developing innovation, improving entrepreneurial skills, and contributing to women's economic empowerment. Although there are limitations in scale and potential independence in the online market, this program has proven effective in addressing economic empowerment issues and increasing entrepreneurial capacity.ABSTRAKProgram pemberdayaan kelompok wanita melalui karya manik inovasi di Kecamatan Kedungkandang, Kota Malang, bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen, pemasaran, dan keterampilan anggota dalam menciptakan produk menarik. Metode yang diterapkan meliputi sosialisasi, pelatihan, pengembangan produk, dan pendampingan usaha. Karya utama meliputi produk inovatif, situs web e-commerce, dan pembentukan koperasi pengrajin. Program ini menunjukkan keunggulan dalam pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan pelatihan teknis, kreativitas, dan pemasaran digital, berhasil meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan omzet sebesar 100%. Dampak signifikan terlihat pada pengembangan inovasi, peningkatan keterampilan kewirausahaan, dan kontribusi terhadap pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan. Meski terdapat keterbatasan skala dan potensi kemandirian pada pasar online, program ini terbukti efektif dalam menangani persoalan pemberdayaan ekonomi dan peningkatan kapasitas wirausaha.

Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan permasalahan serius yang terjadi secara global, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan adalah kegagalan sistem pengereman, khususnya rem blong. Rem blong umumnya disebabkan oleh overheating pada sistem rem, yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya daya cengkeram rem atau munculnya vapor lock, sehingga pengemudi tidak dapat mengendalikan kendaraannya. Kondisi ini sangat berisiko, terutama pada kendaraan bermuatan berat seperti truk, bus, dan mobil pick-up. Panas berlebih pada sistem rem terjadi karena gesekan saat pengereman menghasilkan temperatur yang melampaui kapasitas sistem, sehingga mempercepat kerusakan dan meningkatkan potensi kecelakaan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah dengan menjaga temperatur rem tromol, yaitu melalui sistem pendingin otomatis menggunakan udara bertekanan yang diarahkan ke rem tromol. Metode ini  mencegah kegagalan sistem rem akibat panas berlebih dan meningkatkan keselamatan kendaraan berat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada prototipe rem tromol untuk menguji efektivitas udara bertekanan (5 bar) dengan memvariasikan jarak nozzle (8 mm, 10 mm, dan 12 mm) dengan sudut nozzle (45°) secara otomatis menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data yang akurat mengenai jarak yang paling berpengaruh dalam menurunkan temperatur rem. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada jarak yang tedekat yaitu 8 mm, dengan temperatur pendinginan terendah sebesar 127,64°C.

Sistem rem tromol pada kendaraan menghasilkan panas yang cukup tinggi akibat gesekan antara kampas rem dan permukaan tromol, sehingga diperlukan metode pendinginan yang efektif untuk menjaga kinerja dan keamanan sistem pengereman. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah pendinginan menggunakan udara bertekanan yang disemprotkan melalui nozzle dengan ukuran tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi ukuran nozzle terhadap efektivitas penurunan temperatur rem tromol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan pemanasan terhadap backplate tromol menggunakan hot gun hingga mencapai temperatur 150°C. Setelah itu, dilakukan penyemprotan udara bertekanan melalui nozzle berukuran 1/4 inci, 1/2 inci, dan 3/4 inci, dengan tekanan udara konstan sebesar 5 bar dan dalam kondisi lingkungan tetap. Temperatur akhir setelah penyemprotan diukur untuk masing-masing ukuran nozzle pada durasi waktu10 detik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nozzle berukuran besar (3/4 inci) mampu menurunkan temperatur tromol secara lebih signifikan dibandingkan ukuran lainnya. Semakin besar ukuran nozzle, semakin besar debit udara yang dihasilkan, sehingga proses perpindahan panas melalui konveksi menjadi lebih efektif. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ukuran nozzle merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pendinginan rem tromol menggunakan udara bertekanan.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the healthcare sector in Indonesia, including the number and distribution of healthcare workers. Entering the recovery phase in 2022, various changes occurred in the healthcare employment system, which could affect the number of healthcare workers in different regions, including East Java Province. This study aims to analyze the differences in the number of healthcare workers in East Java between 2022 and 2023 using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) method. In this study, multivariate normality was tested using Mardia's method, while the homogeneity of the covariance matrix was analyzed through Box's M test. The results of the tests indicated that the data met these assumptions, allowing MANOVA to be properly applied to identify the variables influencing the differences in the number of healthcare workers in East Java. These findings are expected to assist policymakers in designing a more effective distribution plan for healthcare workers.

SUDI GUNAWAN, NIM. 16317001035. Analisis Unsur Instrinsik Puisi Surat Dari Ibu Karya Asrul Sani Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Sigala-gala Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan hasil analisis unsur instrinsik puisi surat dari ibu karya asrul sani oleh siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Lawe Sigala-gala. Metode yang digunakan metode deskriptif yang diambil dari jenis penelitian kualitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X berjumlah 116 siswa, sedangkan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas X IPA 1 yang berjumlah 30 siswa SMAN 1 Lawe Sigala-gala. Teknik pengumpulan data di antaranya data primer yang terdiri observasi dan tes sedangkan data sekunder hanya dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus rata-rata hitung untuk menghitung hasil dari unjuk kerja serta menggunakan rubrik penilaian, sedangkan observasi menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian  antaranya Aspek diksi mencapai nilai 66,67 dengan kategori baik. aspek imaji memperoleh nilai 62,70 berkategori cukup. aspek gaya bahasa memperoleh nilai 60,70 dengan kategori cukup, kemudian aspek anamat dengan nilai 58,70 dengan kategori cukup, sedangkan pada aspek rima memperoleh nilai 64,70 dengan kategori cukup. Secara keseluruhan hasil kemampuan menganalisis unsur instrinsik puisi “surat dari ibu” karya asrul sani oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Sigala-gala berdasarkan dari 30 siswa nilai rata-rata yaitu 56,29 berkategori Cukup.

The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) in focus is "Jamu Bu’ne," which operates in the beverage sector, specifically in the production of various traditional herbal drinks (jamu). The MSME, named "Jamu Bu’ne Nurhidayah," is located in Petarukan Village, Taman District, Pemalang Regency. This business produces a variety of herbal drinks aimed at promoting public health. Its product range includes jamu kunir asem (turmeric and tamarind), white turmeric, lempuyang, wejah, bitter herbs, stomach herbal remedies, betel leaf, beras kencur (rice and aromatic ginger), and chili lempuyang.
The mentoring methods implemented include several programs such as creating production and promotional videos as a means of product marketing, preparing simple bookkeeping, developing an organizational structure and business profile to provide information about the business’s background, brief history, vision and mission, and best-selling products to consumers, and developing a digital map presence to improve the online visibility and accessibility of Jamu Bu’ne to a broader consumer base.