This research is motivated by the low interest of students in learning flat building materials in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Geometry material is often considered abstract by students, so contextual and interesting learning media are needed. One alternative that can be used is local culture-based media. This study aims to develop a miniature diorama media of the Batak Karo Traditional House as a learning tool for flat building in grade IV of elementary school and to determine the feasibility of the media based on expert validation, as well as the responses of teachers and students. This research is research and development (Research and Development) with ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The test subjects consisted of grade IV students and teachers at an elementary school in Medan City. The validation results show that the developed media is very feasible to use. Media expert validation obtained a feasibility score of 88%, and material expert validation obtained a score of 87%. The response of teachers and students to the media was also very positive. The use of dioramas based on local culture has been proven to increase students' attraction to the material and facilitate the understanding of geometry concepts. The diorama media of the Batak Karo Traditional House is suitable for use as a thematic learning medium, especially for flat building materials in grade IV of elementary school, as well as a means of preserving local cultural values in education.

As a wing organization of the National Mandate Party, Barisan Muda Penegak Amanat Nasional (BM PAN) is strategically responsible for fostering youth leadership at the regional level, including in Lampung Province. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of BM PAN Lampung in shaping the character of youth leadership through various training, advocacy, and cadre programs. The method used is a qualitative approach that uses participatory observation, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews to collect data. The study shows that BM PAN Lampung has the ability to facilitate constructive political participation for youth and become a place to build leadership skills oriented towards national values. This organization has shown that its cadre program has succeeded in increasing political awareness, public communication skills, and managerial skills among its members. In addition, as shown by Santoso (2014) and Mulyadi (2018) about the importance of youth participation in political regeneration, this study found that youth organizations such as BM PAN play an important role in enhancing participatory democracy at the local level. 

Evaluating changes in public perceptions of gold investment before and after price increases is the objective of this study. The background of this study rests on the assumption that gold price volatility can affect an individual's interest in and view of gold as an investment vehicle. This study used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale to 50 respondents, the results of which were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The results of the analysis show that there is no statistically significant difference in people's perceptions before and after the gold price increase (significance value 0.363 > 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that the public still views gold as a safe and stable investment asset in the long term, regardless of price changes in the short term. The results of this study can be used as a reference by market participants and financial planners to understand the tendency of public attitudes towards gold investment.

Using a case study of the Food and Beverage industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2017 and 2022, this study seeks to examine the partial impact of financial performance on stock prices through Earnings Per Share (EPS). Ratios like Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), EPS, and share prices are used to gauge financial performance. Using a saturated sampling method, 18 firms were chosen for the sample. Using a quantitative technique with a descriptive approach, this study performs data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the aid of SmartPLS version 3. 0. According to the study's findings, ROA has a considerable impact on EPS but not on share values. ROE has no discernible impact on stock prices or EPS. Nevertheless, EPS is shown to be a mediating variable between ROA and ROE, both of which have a substantial impact on share values. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of financial management is one of the recommendations, particularly in areas that have an impact on EPS, such as capital structure and profitability. When making investment decisions, investors should pay attention to financial performance metrics like stock values, EPS, ROA, and ROE. To gain a more thorough analysis, future academics are urged to consider more variables, such the Price to Earnings Ratio, Dividend Payout Ratio, and external elements such as inflation and interest rates.

This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to evaluate the implementation of development strategies in the palm oil industry in facing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The palm oil industry is a nationally strategic sector that plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, both in terms of exports and employment absorption. In the digital era, technological transformation has become a necessity for industry players to improve efficiency, transparency, and global competitiveness. This study examines various adaptive strategies that have been developed, such as the application of digital technologies in the supply chain, integration of information systems in production processes, and the strengthening of human resources through technology-based training. The analysis is conducted through a literature review of recent academic works, government policies, and industrial reports. The findings indicate that the implementation of digitalization strategies still faces challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure, disparities in digital literacy, and regulations that are not yet fully supportive. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the readiness and direction of the palm oil industry’s development in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era to achieve long-term sustainability and efficiency.

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect that must be addressed by companies to protect employees from the risks of accidents and health issues in the workplace. This study aims to examine the legal responsibilities of companies regarding the implementation of OHS and to explore the challenges they face in fulfilling these obligations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, by collecting data through literature studies and in-depth interviews with relevant parties. The results show that companies generally have a good understanding of their legal obligations related to OHS, which is reflected in policies and routine training provided to employees. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles such as limited facilities, lack of supervision, and low work discipline, all of which affect the effectiveness of OHS practices. Legally, the regulations governing OHS are adequate, but law enforcement and monitoring must be improved to ensure that companies fulfill their responsibilities optimally. Furthermore, the social and ethical dimensions are also essential in building a safety culture that supports employee well-being and business continuity. In conclusion, the legal responsibility of companies for OHS must be implemented comprehensively and sustainably to ensure a safe and productive work environment.

Prison, is an institution whose existence is inseparable from law enforcement in Indonesia. Unlike prisons, Rutan functions as a temporary detention place for suspects or defendants who are undergoing the trial process.  Currently, almost all prisons and prisons in Indonesia are experiencing an overcrowding crisis  with an overcrowding rate. 92%. This condition is like a time bomb ready to explode. Extreme overcrowding in prisons and prisons has various negative impacts. Overcrowding in  correctional facilities and prisons is a serious problem that must be overcome immediately. The impact is not only on the health and safety of residents, but also on the effectiveness of coaching and the state budget. This study aims to find out and discuss the impact  of overcrowding on class IIB state prison inmates in Ruteng Regency. This research is an empirical legal research or empirical juridical research supported  by a statuecause  approach using primary data and secondary data collected using observation, documentation and interview techniques conducted with 33 informants. The data obtained was processed using editing techniques, data classification, data verification and description after which it was analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study showed that (1) Overcrowding in Ruteng Class IIB Prison was caused by several interrelated factors. First, the limited capacity of Ruteng Detention Center. Second, the crime rate has increased in three districts. Third, the penal policy is not yet effective. Fourth, the low legal awareness of the public also plays a role in the increase in crime rates. (2) Overcrowding in Ruteng Class IIB Prison has a significant impact on inmates, especially in fulfilling their rights including the right to inmate health, the right to security, and the right to rehabilitation. Social coaching and reintegration programs cannot run effectively due to limited resources and space.

This study explores the influence of intrapersonal communication patterns on negotiation effectiveness in business environments. Intrapersonal communication, such as self-talk and self-reflection, plays a vital role in emotional regulation and strategic decision-making during negotiations. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies to construct a solid theoretical foundation. The findings indicate that managing internal communication enhances confidence, composure, and decision-making accuracy in business negotiations.
 

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

A notary is a public official who makes authentic deeds according to Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 on the Notary Position. In practice, there is a Substitute Notary who is temporarily appointed when the notary is absent. Although their authority is equal, the requirements for their appointment are lighter, creating normative disparities that impact the quality and legal certainty of the deed. This normative-prescriptive legal study highlights the urgency of revising the Notary Law and Permenkumham No. 19 of 2019 to guarantee professionalism and legal protection for service users. The results of the study indicate the urgency of revising the provisions in the Notary Law and the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 19 of 2019, especially those regulating the requirements and position of Substitute Notaries, in order to guarantee professionalism and legal protection for the community using notary services.