COPD is a condition characterized by airflow obstruction that cannot be completely corrected. This limitation generally worsens over time and is associated with abnormal permeability to noxious particles or gases, resulting in narrowing of the airways, increased mucus secretion, and changes in the vascular system. The increase in chest expansion capacity is caused by the activity of respiratory muscle contraction. The activity of the respiratory muscles plays a role in chest expansion, which also affects lung growth. It is stated that the strength of the respiratory muscles decreases with age. Loss of intercostal muscle mass and strength are factors that reduce the ability of chest wall presence or development. This study used a case report design research method. Physiotherapy management for COPD is increasingly focused on exercise-based rehabilitation, both in outpatient and inpatient settings. Some therapies such as breathing exercises, thoracic expansion exercises and muscle release.

Gender socialization in the family environment plays an important role in the formation of children's gender identity from an early age. Parents as the main agents of socialization play a significant role through daily interactions, providing examples, and parenting patterns that shape children's understanding of gender roles. This study aims to determine the importance of parents' reflective awareness in supporting a more inclusive and equitable understanding of gender. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine how parents in Medan City introduce gender values ??and norms in daily activities. The findings show that the gender socialization process is still influenced by traditional values ??and fairly rigid gender stereotypes. The division of roles based on gender applied by parents often gives rise to the perception that gender roles are fixed and cannot be changed.

The transformation of the modern labor market has posed significant challenges for young people, particularly in the form of career uncertainty, excessive work flexibility, and the mismatch between education and labor market demands. This study aims to explore how Indonesian youth respond to these conditions through the lens of ambivalence and resilience theories by Colombo & Rebughini. The research uses a qualitative method with in-depth interviews involving two university graduates working in fields unrelated to their academic backgrounds. The findings reveal that the lack of job stability, economic pressure, and educational mismatch drive young people to develop various adaptive strategies. These include personal resilience such as introspection and optimism, as well as social resilience supported by family and peer networks. Furthermore, the meaning of work among youth is shifting—not merely as a source of income, but as a space for self-actualization, skill relevance, and psychological comfort. This is consistent with previous studies in SINTA-indexed journals, which emphasize that Indonesian youth today are redefining success and meaningful work within an increasingly ambivalent social landscape. The study concludes that youth are not merely passive victims of economic uncertainty but are also active agents in constructing their own narratives of work and life. Therefore, it is essential for educational institutions, industries, and the state to provide adaptive environments that allow youth to grow sustainably within a dynamic labor ecosystem.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja mesin cetak KBA 2 Straight 105 di PT XYZ dengan pendekatan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) serta mengidentifikasi penyebab utama penurunan produktivitas melalui analisis Six Big Losses. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, nilai rata-rata OEE tercatat sebesar 70,58%, yang masih berada di bawah standar internasional sebesar 85%. Rendahnya efisiensi terutama dipengaruhi oleh Performance Rate yang hanya mencapai 85,33%. Dari kajian Six Big Losses, ditemukan bahwa kerugian terbesar berasal dari idling and minor stoppages (33,35%) dan reduced speed losses (12,30%). Faktor penyebabnya meliputi absensi operator, keterlambatan pasokan material, kondisi mesin yang menua, serta tidak konsistennya prosedur set up mesin. Menggunakan Fishbone Diagram, penelitian ini menyarankan beberapa strategi perbaikan, seperti peningkatan pelatihan operator, implementasi manajemen stok secara real-time, serta penerapan program preventive maintenance yang lebih disiplin. Diharapkan, penerapan rekomendasi ini dapat meningkatkan nilai OEE, menurunkan waktu henti mesin (downtime), dan mendorong peningkatan produktivitas secara berkelanjutan.

The complexity of financial decision-making has intensified in the digital era due to data saturation, market volatility, and the inability of conventional models to respond to real-time and non-linear dynamics. Addressing these challenges requires the integration of intelligent systems capable of adapting to evolving financial environments. Smart finance, which combines artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, blockchain, and automation, offers transformative potential across financial services. This study synthesizes scholarly findings from 2019 to 2024 across five domains: AI-based modeling, robo-advisory applications, behavioral finance integration, decentralized finance (DeFi), and real-time risk analytics. Results indicate substantial gains in efficiency, accuracy, and personalization, yet also reveal persistent challenges, including algorithmic opacity, ethical concerns in data use, and regulatory ambiguity. Advancing smart finance demands development in explainable AI, hybrid advisory systems, and inclusive, adaptive regulation for decentralized infrastructures. The scope of the analysis is limited to peer-reviewed academic literature published in English, excluding industry reports and grey literature.

This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.
 

This study aims to examine the potential and challenges of utilizing Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Medan City, which is geographically located near the equator and receives high exposure to sunlight throughout the year. The method used is a literature review with a narrative review approach that analyzes secondary data from various journals and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Medan City has an average annual horizontal global solar radiation intensity of 463.61 W/m², with the potential for electrical power that can be generated from rooftop solar panels reaching 748.57 MW (monocrystalline), 598.85 MW (polycrystalline), and 299.43 MW (thin film). This potential is comparable to the capacity of large-scale power plants. The use of PLTS contributes to reducing carbon emissions, increasing energy security, creating jobs, and developing the local economy. However, challenges such as high installation costs, limited suitability of roof structures, and low public awareness are still major obstacles in the implementation of this technology. Therefore, synergy is needed between government policies, public education, and technological innovation to optimize the use of solar energy in urban areas such as Medan.

The advancement of information technology has driven the growth of the creative industry, which heavily relies on intellectual works, one of which is trademarks as part of the Intellectual Property Rights regime. A trademark not only serves as a product identity but also as a marketing tool and a determinant of reputation. However, in practice, legal issues often arise, particularly related to the registration of trademarks by parties acting in bad faith and having substantial similarities with previously registered trademarks. This research analyzes the Application of the Principle of Bad Faith in the trademark registration process in the trademark dispute "C+Logo" between Gunawan and PT Bagava Alam Semesta. Through descriptive analysis research with a normative juridical approach, the results of this study indicate a violation of the principle of bad faith in the trademark registration conducted by PT Bagava Alam Semesta because it meets the principle of bad faith violation as examined in accordance with the Trademark and Geographical Indications Law.

This study discusses the Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of a letter archiving system in improving work efficiency in the Mal Uinsu office. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of a letter archiving system in improving work efficiency in the Ma laboratory Uinsu office and what obstacles were faced. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the archiving system in supporting work efficiency at the UINSU Laboratory Madrasah Aliyah includes storage, organization, borrowing, rediscovery, maintenance and destruction. The implementation of this archiving has been running quite well according to existing provisions. However, there are still some things that do not support work efficiency that must be fixed in order to facilitate the implementation of letter archiving in improving work efficiency at the UINSU Laboratory Madrasah Aliyah office.

Background: The elderly aged 60-69 years in Banda Aceh are 15,820. The coverage of the lowest number of elderly visits to elderly posyandu in the city of Banda Aceh is the Jaya Baru Health Centre (5.5%), the Lampaseh Health Centre (6.5%), and the Kuta Alam Health Centre (7.7%). Objective: This study aims to analyse factors related to the participation of the elderly in the Banda Aceh City Health Centre. Research Method: The type of research uses a cross-sectional design. The population in this study includes all older people in 3 (three) Banda Aceh City Puksesmas, namely Jaya Baru, Lampaseh, and Kuta Alam. The sample in this study amounted to 98 older people. Results: there was no relationship between accessibility and elderly posyandu participation (t= 1,356; p=0.176), there is a relationship between the availability of facilities and infrastructure and the participation of the elderly posyandu ( (t= 3.496; p=0.001), ), there was a relationship between motivation and support for elderly families (t=2.294; p=0.022), there was a relationship between the knowledge of the Posyandu program (t= 5.197; p=0.000), there was no relationship between the role of health workers and the participation of elderly posyandu at the Banda Aceh City Health Center (t=0.257; p=0.797), The factor that most affects the participation of elderly posyandu in Banda Aceh City is the knowledge of the posyandu program (t= 5.197; p=0.000). Conclusion: knowledge of the elderly posyandu program, the availability of infrastructure, motivation and support of elderly families affect the participation of posyandu in Banda Aceh City