Christian religious education in schools has an important role in forming students' morals. This subject not only focuses on teaching religious doctrine, but also on forming character, ethical values, and attitudes that are in accordance with Christian teachings. In the context of formal education, Christian religious education functions as a means of instilling moral values such as honesty, responsibility, love and tolerance. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of Christian Religious Education in schools can influence students' moral formation, as well as the factors that support and hinder this process. The research method used is a qualitative approach with interviews, observation and document analysis as data collection techniques. The research results show that Christian religious education delivered with a contextual approach and relevant to students' lives can have a positive impact on their moral formation. Apart from that, the involvement of teachers who have good moral integrity and creative teaching methods is a determining factor for success. Thus, Christian religious education in schools has a strategic role in creating a young generation who have morals, character, and are able to live according to Christian principles amidst the challenges of the times.
 
 

This study identifies and analyzes the key factors influencing students’ engagement in science practicum activities within the Open and Distance Higher Education (ODHE) context. 127 students from diverse regions of Indonesia participated in this quantitative study, which assessed perceptions regarding academic challenges, learning interaction, collaborative learning, and the use of technology in online laboratory settings. The results indicate that tutorial modality, employment status, academic achievement (GPA), and residential area significantly influence engagement levels. Students participating in web-based classes and receiving consistent learning feedback reported higher engagement. Conversely, laboratory report writing emerged as a primary challenge, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced scientific writing literacy. The findings are discussed within the Community of Inquiry (CoI) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) frameworks, emphasizing the importance of teaching presence, social collaboration, and learner autonomy in digital learning environments. Notably, students from rural areas exhibited high motivation despite infrastructural limitations. The study recommends redesigning learning models to include targeted support, structured digital practicum modules, and formative feedback mechanisms. This research contributes to developing inclusive, adaptive, and effective science education practices in ODHE while supporting achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education.
 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh struktur modal dan kepemilikan kas terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan properti dan real estat yang tercatat dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan masa penelitian tahun 2020-2023. Struktur modal diukur menggunakan Debt to asset ratio (DAR) karena cukup jarang digunakan dalam penelitian, cash holding dengan rumus kas dan setara kas dibagi dengan total asset, dan Return on asset (ROA) untuk mengukur kinerja keuangan. Populasi penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 92 perusahaan property dan real estat yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), melalui metode purposive sampling, diperoleh 21 perusahaan yang sesuai dengan kriteria sebagai sampel penelitian lalu diperoleh 84 data observasi darimasa penelitian tahun 2020-2023. Teknik dokumentasi digunakan untuk memperoleh data sekunder penelitian yang berupa laporankeuangan tiap perusahaan dari website BEI. Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan sebagai analisis statistik dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian adalah struktur permodalan memberikan efek positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan karena utang mempercepat ekspansi, meningkatkan pendapatan dan laba sehingga meningkatkan kualitas kinerja keuangan. Cash holding memberikan efek positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan karena mampu membuat perusahaan menjadi lebih produktif dalam berinvestasi untuk mencapai keuntungan yang lebih besar. Hasil ini menunjukkan kedua hipotesis yang diajukan oleh peneliti dapat diterima.

Does the presence of Facebook social media make changes in interactions, which are usually active housewives gossiping (light discussions) on the porch of the house, after the presence of Facebook social media, housewives choose to interact online rather than face to face. This research was conducted in Partali Toruan Village using qualitative research methods and informants who became informants were housewives in Partali Toruan Village. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, documentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Facebook has an impact on changes in interaction patterns in mothers in Partali Toruan Village, North Tapanuli Regency and these changes are planned changes or come from one's own will. Meanwhile, the conclusions based on the researcher's sub-problems are as follows: Most of the core of the negative impact of Facebook on changes in interaction patterns with family and the Partali Toruan community environment on mothers in Partali Toruan Village, North Tapanuli Regency is making Facebook social media a money field, namely by selling online, and eliminating boredom. Facebook has a negative impact if its users misuse Facebook as a life regulator.

This research aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on stock returns on mining sector companies, especially coal mines listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2023. Research uses a quantitative approach to the type of documentation research. Research uses secondary data collected from annual financial statements, corporate sustainability reports, and websites that present published CSR disclosures. The sample in the study consisted of 10 coal sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which were selected based on certain criteria using purposive sampling. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis. The independent variable on research is CSR disclosure calculated using CSR index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) assessment standards found in the Company's financial statements. The dependent variable in the study was stock return. This study found that CSR disclosures had no significant effect on stock returns. This can be affected by several factors and certain conditions that cause no effect on CSR disclosure on stock returns.

Seiring dengan meningkatnya adopsi teknologi digital dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, QRIS juga mendukung transformasi digital di sektor keuangan dan perdagangan. Pemanfaatan QRIS mempermudah transaksi agar lebih cepat, aman, dan efisien, mengurangi ketergantungan pada uang tunai, serta menyederhanakan pencatatan transaksi. Dengan adanya QRIS, proses transaksi menjadi lebih sederhana dan efisien. Data UMKM Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Aceh mencatat para pelaku usaha untuk wilayah Kabupaten Bireuen tercatat 6.998 UMKM dimana Kabupaten Bireun merupakan Kabupaten dengan UMKM terbanyak ke-2 di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak sistem pembayaran QRIS terhadap peningkatan pendapatan di UMKM Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 26, dengan total 100 responden dan dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner. Sampel diambil dengan metode cluster sampling, dari total populasi sebanyak 6.998 pelaku UMKM. Hasil penelitian  ini menunjukkan bahwa QRIS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan pelaku UMKM di Kabupaten Bireuen. Temuan ini memberikan bukti penting mengenai efektivitas QRIS dalam meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi pelaku usaha di wilayah tersebut. Pentingnya implementasi teknologi pembayaran modern dalam meningkatkan efisiensi transaksi dan aksesibilitas finansial bagi pelaku UMKM di wilayah tersebut, diharapkan dapat membantu UMKM mengatasi berbagai tantangan, seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur dan akses ke layanan perbankan, sehingga mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal dan inklusi finansial yang lebih baik.

The crime of sexual abuse against minors is a serious issue faced within the Indonesian legal system. This crime has long-term impacts on the victims and can potentially destroy the future of the child. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies regarding sexual abuse of minors, as well as the underlying factors contributing to the occurrence of such crimes. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach by collecting secondary data through literature studies and legal documents, as well as primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that although laws related to child protection are in place, the implementation of law enforcement still faces various challenges. Additionally, social and psychological factors influence the frequency of sexual abuse against children. This research recommends an increase in legal socialization and the strengthening of law enforcement to better protect children from sexual crimes.
 
Abstrak
Kejahatan pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kejahatan ini memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap korban dan dapat merusak masa depan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan hukum pidana terkait pencabulan terhadap anak, serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan dokumen hukum, serta data primer melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sudah ada, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Selain itu, faktor sosial dan psikologis juga memengaruhi frekuensi terjadinya pencabulan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi hukum dan penguatan penegakan hukum untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan seksual.

Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 aims to realize the principle of fast, simple, and low-cost justice implementation. This article will discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang, and the factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation. This type of research is empirical juridical, with analytical descriptive research specifications. The sample is the implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang in 2023-2024. The data used are primary data and secondary data, which are collected through interviews, literature studies, and documentation studies. The data is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the Implementation of Supreme Court Regulation Number. 7 of 2022 in resolving divorce cases at the Class 1A Religious Court of Semarang is quite effective, but not yet optimal. The factors that influence the effectiveness of the implementation of the Supreme Court Regulation are: (1) Internal factors: the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of E-Court, but there are still shortcomings in socialization, there are no pamphlets, guidebooks, brochures, visual media, and trial applications that can be accessed to practice using E-Court, (2) External factors: many people do not yet understand the procedures and benefits of E-Court, not all advocates have been able to adapt to the E-Court system, internet network access is uneven in various regions, and the background of human resources is diverse.
 
Abstrak
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 bertujuan untuk mewujudkan prinsip pelaksanaan peradilan yang cepat, sederhana, dan biaya ringan. Artikel ini akan membahas efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut dalam menyelesaikan perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, dengan spesifikasi penelitian diskriptif analitis. Sampelnya adalah pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 dalam penyelesaian perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang tahun 2023-2024. Data yang dipakai adalah data primer dan data sekunder, yang diambil dengan cara wawancara, studi Pustaka, dan studi dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor. 7 Tahun 2022 dalam menyelesaikan perkara perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1A Semarang, cukup efektif, tetapi belum optimal. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung  tersebut adalah : (1) Faktor internal : tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai untuk mendukung penyelenggaraan E-Court, namun masih ada kekurangan dalam sosialisasi, tidak ada pamflet, buku panduan, brosur, media visual, dan aplikasi percobaan yang dapat diakses untuk berlatih menggunakan E-Court, (2) Faktor eksternal :  banyak masyarakat yang belum memahami prosedur dan keuntungan E-Court,  para advokat belum seluruhnya bisa beradaptasi dengan sistem E-Court, akses jaringan internet yang tidak merata di berbagai daerah,  dan  latar belakang SDM yang beragam.

This study aims to determine the application of Intellectual Property Rights in the franchise agreement on the Chemical Joss Clean Product Franchise contract and the legal consequences if there is a breach of contract on the Chemical Joss Clean Product Franchise. The innovative and environmentally friendly "Chemical Joss Clean" product is highly dependent on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) such as copyright, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets. To prevent unauthorized use, this study highlights the importance of the franchise agreement as a legal protection tool for the parties involved, and can sue legally if there is a violation, thus providing a sense of security and legal certainty between PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang as the franchisor and Franchisee CV. Damar Luhur Abadi as the recipient of the Franchise regarding the implementation of the franchise agreement. The urgency of the research is to ensure the success and sustainability of the franchise business. The research method uses juridical law with qualitative data analysis. The results of this study are the Franchise Agreement between PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang and CV. Damar Luhur Abadi has fulfilled the elements contained in Article 1320 of the Civil Code so that the agreement that has been established will bind both parties and become law for both parties. Points concerning IPR are regulated in Article 12 of Intellectual Property Rights in the Joss Clean product business partner agreement letter. The supervision mechanism from the franchisor to ensure that franchisees comply with the provisions related to the IPR of Joss Clean products, both PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang and CV. Damar Luhur Abadi have committed to jointly maintaining and supervising the use of the Joss Clean brand in accordance with the applicable agreement.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam perjanjian waralaba pada kontrak waralaba (Franchise) Produk Chemical Joss Clean dan akibat hukum apabila terjadi wanprestasi pada kontrak Franchise Produk Chemical Joss Clean. Produk "Chemical Joss Clean" yang inovatif dan ramah lingkungan sangat tergantung pada perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual (HKI) seperti hak cipta, merek dagang, paten, dan rahasia dagang. Untuk mencegah penggunaan yang tidak sah, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perjanjian franchise sebagai alat perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak yang terlibat, dan dapat menuntut secara hukum jika terjadi pelanggaran, sehingga memberikan rasa aman dan kepastian hukum antara PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang selaku franchisor dan Franchisee CV. Damar Luhur Abadi selaku penerima Franchise mengenai pelaksanaan perjanjian waralaba (Franchise). Urgensi penelitian untuk menjamin keberhasilan dan kelangsungan bisnis franchise. Metode penelitian menggunakan hukum yuridis dengan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Perjanjian Waralaba antara PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi telah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang terdapat pada Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata sehingga kesepatakan yang telah terjalin akan mengikat kedua belah pihak dan menjadi hukum bagi kedua belah pihak. Poin-poin yang menyangkut HKI diatur dalam Pasal 12 Hak Kekayaan Intelektual pada surat perjanjian mitra bisnis produk Joss Clean. Mekanisme pengawasan dari pihak franchisor untuk memastikan penerima waralaba mematuhi ketentuan terkait HKI produk Joss Clean baik pihak PT. Muhandas Citra Cemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi sudah berkomitmen untuk bersama-sama menjaga dan melakukan pengawasan penggunaan merek Joss Clean sesuai perjanjian yang berlakuCemerlang dan CV. Damar Luhur Abadi sudah berkomitmen untuk bersama-sama menjaga dan melakukan pengawasan penggunaan merek Joss Clean sesuai perjanjian yang berlaku.

This study examines the application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in chemistry learning at SMAN 1 Sreseh, with a focus on increasing motivation and understanding of concepts among students, especially Children with Special Needs (ABK: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus). PjBL was chosen as an approach that can increase student engagement through the exploration of projects relevant to everyday life, allowing students to better understand abstract chemical concepts. The results showed that the application of PjBL could increase students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with regular students experiencing a more significant improvement. Although ABK students show lower improvements, they also gain significant benefits in terms of understanding of chemistry concepts and active involvement in projects. This study confirms that PjBL is an effective learning method to increase motivation and understanding of concepts, especially for ABK students, in the context of inclusive education.