The crime of sexual abuse against minors is a serious issue faced within the Indonesian legal system. This crime has long-term impacts on the victims and can potentially destroy the future of the child. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies regarding sexual abuse of minors, as well as the underlying factors contributing to the occurrence of such crimes. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach by collecting secondary data through literature studies and legal documents, as well as primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that although laws related to child protection are in place, the implementation of law enforcement still faces various challenges. Additionally, social and psychological factors influence the frequency of sexual abuse against children. This research recommends an increase in legal socialization and the strengthening of law enforcement to better protect children from sexual crimes.
 
Abstrak
Kejahatan pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kejahatan ini memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap korban dan dapat merusak masa depan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan hukum pidana terkait pencabulan terhadap anak, serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan dokumen hukum, serta data primer melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sudah ada, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Selain itu, faktor sosial dan psikologis juga memengaruhi frekuensi terjadinya pencabulan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi hukum dan penguatan penegakan hukum untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan seksual.

This study examines the optimization of the role of Tanuharjo Village officials in increasing village revenue through the establishment and management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The creation of BUMDes in Tanuharjo Village has proven to be a strategic initiative to maximize village potential and enhance local economic development. This article provides an overview of the service activities that have been carried out, focusing on the critical role of Tanuharjo Village officials in optimizing village income through the establishment, management, and active participation in BUMDes. The BUMDes has played a vital role in creating new jobs, boosting the productivity of key village sectors, and strengthening the local economy. Additionally, BUMDes serves as a platform for encouraging innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit within the village community. Through one-way counseling sessions organized by the Semarang State University service team, the capacity of Tanuharjo Village officials in BUMDes management has been significantly enhanced. The strategies implemented during these activities included the development of new business units by optimizing village resources, the creation of management training programs to improve BUMDes governance, and digital marketing training for human resources. These efforts have successfully increased the understanding and capabilities of village officials, contributing to improved performance in managing BUMDes and increasing village revenue. This service activity has provided practical recommendations for improving BUMDes governance, which are expected to stimulate further economic growth and improve the welfare of the community in Tanuharjo Village.

The social welfare institution known as LPKS plays a crucial role in providing protection and guidance to children, though its implementation remains suboptimal. This discussion focuses on the LPKS strategy in shaping the social behavior of children with legal issues and the factors hindering its effectiveness. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach, involving direct field observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings regarding the LPKS strategy in shaping the social behavior of children with legal problems include several aspects. Firstly, there is a normative role. Secondly, LPKS performs a practical role by addressing various needs such as mentoring, psychological therapy, spiritual or religious therapy, arts training activities, and legal protection throughout the legal process. Additionally, it provides educational guidance focusing on the developmental and mental aspects of children. Finally, the ideal role is to enhance LPKS performance. The primary inhibiting factor affecting the LPKS strategy in shaping the social behavior of children with legal problems is budget limitations. These limitations arise due to the substantial budget required to cover a large area, while existing resources remain insufficient.