This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.
 

Livestock cultivation aims to meet the needs of animal food and improve the standard of living of farmers. Some of the factors that need to be considered in livestock cultivation include the selection of superior seeds, feed management, disease prevention and treatment, cages that meet standards, and marketing of livestock products. Livestock is one of the five agricultural subsectors where livestock is a cultivation or maintenance activity with the aim of benefiting from these activities. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The variables studied consisted of intensive maintenance costs and broiler profits. The population used in this study is all breeders in Nagan Raya Regency, each farm has different abilities and number of livestock. Therefore, the population used is all farmers with an intensive maintenance system in 5 sub-districts of Nagan Raya Regency, namely 12 chicken farmers. Because of the small number of populations, the sample in this study is the entire population. The data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. In this study, quantitative analysis uses  the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 computer program, because with this program analysis can be carried out quickly, and produce more accurate outputs. And the data analysis model used in this study is a simple linear regression method. The results of this study are that intensive maintenance costs incurred by broiler farmers have a very good influence on increasing profits from farmers' crops. Because with an intensive system the growth of chickens is more uniform and the deaths that occur in broilers can be avoided.

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2021 to 2023, the crime rate in Indonesia increased by 345,510 cases. This increase indicates social problems, particularly in the economic sector. Factors such as high unemployment, high poverty rates, and low minimum wages are the main causes driving crime. When people's basic needs are not met, the potential for deviant behavior to meet their living needs tends to increase. This study aims to analyze the influence of unemployment, poverty, and the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on crime rates in Indonesia, both partially and simultaneously. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data sources obtained from official BPS publications. The data used is panel data, namely a combination of time series (time span) and cross-section (across regions/provinces) data for the period 2021–2023. Data analysis was performed using a panel data regression model with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach after undergoing the Hausman Test. The results show that partially, the three variables—unemployment, poverty, and the UMP—have a significant influence on crime rates. Simultaneous testing also showed that collectively, these three variables significantly influence the crime rate. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) test result of 93.5% indicates that unemployment, poverty, and the minimum wage (UMP) variables are able to explain most of the variation in crime rates in Indonesia during the study period, while the remaining 6.5% is influenced by other variables not included in the model. This finding emphasizes the importance of improving the economic conditions of the community through job creation, poverty alleviation, and minimum wage adjustments as preventative measures to reduce crime rates in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of open unemployment rate, education level, and minimum wage on economic growth in East Java Province during the period 2017-2024. The approach used is quantitative with an explanatory research design. The data were analyzed using panel data regression method that includes time dimension and geographical area, and supported by statistical tests to measure the significance of the influence of each variable. The results show that the open unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth. In contrast, education level has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, the minimum wage also has a significant but negative effect on economic growth, indicating that an increase in the minimum wage that is not proportional to productivity can hinder economic growth. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect economic growth in East Java Province. The R-squared value of 41.80% indicates that the variation in economic growth can be explained by these three variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model.
 

Abstract. The increasing demand for eco-friendly and recyclable materials has driven the development of natural fiber-based composite materials. This study aims to analyze the effect of volume fraction variation on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites made from coconut coir fiber and banana stem fiber with an epoxy matrix. The research employed an experimental method with variations of fiber volume fractions at 40%, 30%, and 20%, and mechanical testing including tensile, bending, and impact tests based on ASTM standards. The results showed that the highest tensile strength was achieved by the composite with a 60% matrix and 40% fiber volume fraction, reaching 21.16 MPa. Meanwhile, the highest bending strength and impact resistance were obtained by the composite with an 80% matrix and 20% fiber volume fraction, at 49.46 MPa and 0.00837 Joule/mm², respectively. Increasing the fiber content tends to enhance tensile strength but reduces bending strength and impact resistance due to uneven resin distribution and the formation of voids. This hybrid composite has potential as an environmentally friendly material alternative with competitive mechanical properties.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) refers to an infection targeting the human respiratory passages, predominantly affecting children between the ages of 1 and 5 years. Improperly managed ARI condition can result in worsening nutritional conditions, secondary infections, stunted growth, and development. The family plays an important role in efforts to prevent ARI and its complications. When the family gets better at Providing family health services, the level of ARI that occurs in the family becomes less severe. The current study investigates the link between family health tasks and severity of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI). An observational approach was utilized in this study with a retrospective design. The activities were conducted during the period June-August 2022 at the Dinoyo Community Health Center, Malang City. Purposive sampling was used resulted in 57 samples experiencing ARI. The instruments for both variables were assessed through questionnaires The hypothesis was tested using a chi-square test. The result show mothers who had poor family development tasks had a severity level of severe ARI of 38.6%; mothers in charge of family development had mild ARI in 15.8% of cases and moderate ARI in an estimated 22.8% of cases. The results obtained from the Chi-Square Test have a p-value = 0.000. This study reveals a significant correlation between family task performance and ARI severity in toddlers. Mothers who demonstrate poor achievement in family developmental tasks are more likely to have children experiencing higher severity of ARI. 

Stunting is a state of chronic malnutrition associated with nutritional insufficiency.  Stunting can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality, hindering children's growth and development.  Malnutrition in toddlers can also arise due to the cultural practices, eating habits, and social norms related to food intake. The role of the family and the community is very important in ensuring the success of stunting prevention programs. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review of the international literature on community-based interventions to prevent stunting in children under 5 years. We reviewed original quantitative research from Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and ProQuest using the keywords “community intervention” OR “family intervention” AND “stunting” AND “toddlers”. We conducted a critical appraisal using PRISMA guidelines on evidence documenting the community-based intervention or program as a strategy to reduce stunting in toddlers, between 1 January 2013 and 31 January 2023 with the inclusion criteria of English-language, full-text, open-access, quantitative studies. Thirteen peer-reviewed papers met the inclusion criteria. This review found that family-based intervention could improve child growth and community-based intervention could strengthen the community health systems. The existing evidence showed a positive impact of community and family-based intervention to prevent stunting.  Family-strengthening interventions may have an impact on reducing stunting among children under 5 years. 

 
This study aims to examine the effect of effectiveness, accountability, and transparency of the management of School Operational Assistance Funds (BOS) on the successful procurement of school facilities and infrastructure. The object of this research is all students of class XI of SMKN 6 Sukoharjo who use facilities and infrastructure at school. This study uses primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. The sampling technique used the Slovin formula from the total population of grade XI students, with an error rate of 5%, so that 179 respondents were obtained. Data analysis techniques used in this study include descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that the effectiveness of BOS Fund management had no significant effect on the successful procurement of facilities and infrastructure, with a significance value of 0.318 > 0.05 and tcount 1.001 < 1.973. Accountability has a positive and significant effect on the successful procurement of facilities and infrastructure, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and tcount 4.418 > 1.973. Transparency also has a positive and significant effect on the successful procurement of facilities and infrastructure, with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and tcount 3.295 > 1.973.

This study investigates the communicative practices of youth volunteers involved in Surabaya’s Kelurahan Bersinar anti-drug initiative, highlighting the role of grassroots messaging in shaping public health discourse. Grounded in framing theory, narrative theory, and social capital theory, the research explores how volunteers construct persuasive anti-drug messages through culturally rooted storytelling, emotional framing, and symbolic communication. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through interviews, focus groups, observations, and campaign materials with 18 youth volunteers. The findings reveal that volunteers effectively used personal experiences and local narratives to foster trust and collective identity, transforming individual challenges into shared stories of hope and resistance. Emotional strategies, such as gain-framed and fear-based appeals, were deliberately crafted to trigger empathy and promote behavioral change. Volunteers also capitalized on their deep integration within community networks to enhance message credibility and reach, cultivating both bonding and bridging social capital. The study challenges top-down approaches in health campaigns, illustrating the power of peer-led, culturally resonant communication. It contributes a layered communication model for grassroots health advocacy and underscores the transformative impact of narrative-driven volunteer engagement. The study recommends integrating cultural framing in training programs and exploring digital channels to scale grassroots messaging in future research.

Health services for the elderly group need to be carried out according to their needs. To understand the health needs of the elderly group, it is necessary to examine the number of cases or prevalence of a case that is a problem for the elderly. Decreased physical functional activity in the elderly is a problem that is often encountered and due to degenerative diseases. Decreased physical functional activity in the elderly results in an increased risk of disability. There have been no reports regarding the number of cases of the elderly who experience decreased physical functional activity, the number of cases or prevalence of decreased physical functional activity in the elderly. The study used descriptive quantitative research method with a cross-sectional research design. The subjects of the study were elderly people aged 60-70 years who had no history of musculoskeletal injury/trauma and did not use walking aids. The research instrument used to measure the decline in functional activity was the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). The assessment results showed that 46 elderly people (76.7%) were in the category of low physical functional activity and 14 elderly people (23.3%) had good functional activity. The female elderly group consisted of 28 (75.7%) who had lower scores compared to male elderly. The 60-70 age group consisted of 30 elderly (78.9%) had a lower PASE score compared to the 71-80 age group. The housewife occupation group consisted of 22 elderly people (75.9%) had lower scores compared to the entrepreneur, laborer and retiree groups. The number of cases of decreased physical functional activity in the elderly is 46 individuals or 76.7%. The decline in physical functional activity was influenced by age, gender and occupation. To further explore the factors that influence the decline in physical functional activity.