Biofertilizer is an environmentally friendly fertilizer, has a long release time so it can be absorbed by plants long enough, and has enzymatic activities such as binding nitrogen and dissolving phosphate. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (BPF) can dissolve phosphate that was previously unavailable to become available. This research aims to further examine the potential of BPF isolates from Kalimantan as a liquid biofertilizer agent using coconut water as a medium. The research was conducted for 3 months, from June to August 2023 at the Microbiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications using the Total Plate Count method. The results of the study showed that the highest treatment is a treatment of A4 on day 6 with an average density of 9,4x108 CFU/mL. The BPF which has the highest potential as a biofertilizer is found in treatment A4, the combination bacterial isolates of Bacillus sp1 and Bacillus sp2, supported by the high population treatment of A4 during each storage. Liquid biofertilizers have many advantages compared to solid biofertilizers, including having a higher number of microbial cells, longer shelf life, greater protection against the environment and better effectiveness in the field. This study can provide information on the density of liquid biofertilizer bacteria using environmentally friendly coconut water media for the community by using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus spp.) from West Kalimantan peat soil.

This study aims to improve the learning motivation of fourth-grade students of SDN 3 Jambu in Javanese language subjects, especially in Javanese script material, through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model combined with the use of flash cards. The background of this study is the low learning motivation of students as seen from the lack of active participation, low enthusiasm during learning, and lack of interest in the Javanese script material. These conditions have an impact on the achievement of unsatisfactory learning outcomes and an unpleasant learning atmosphere. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 20 fourth-grade students. Data collection techniques were carried out using observations of student activities, interviews with teachers and students, documentation of learning activities, and evaluation tests to measure learning outcomes at the end of each cycle. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning motivation after the implementation of the TGT learning model assisted by flash cards. This can be seen from the increasing activeness of students in groups, their enthusiasm in participating in educational games, and the results of learning evaluations that show a positive trend from cycle I to cycle II. The TGT model, which is based on cooperation and healthy competition, creates a more lively and enjoyable learning atmosphere and stimulates active student involvement. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by flashcard media is effective in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes in the Javanese Language subject, Javanese Script material.

Learning difficulties are one of the main challenges faced by elementary school students and have a direct influence on the achievement of learning outcomes. These difficulties can come from internal factors, such as low motivation and cognitive abilities, as well as external factors such as a less supportive family environment and less varied learning methods. This article aims to examine the strategies implemented by teachers in overcoming students' learning difficulties based on literature studies. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach, which utilizes various scientific sources such as journals, books and relevant articles from the last five years. The results of the study show that the strategies used by teachers include providing remedial learning, individual approaches, using varied and fun learning methods and media, providing motivation through rewards, and collaborating with parents to support the learning process at home. Teachers also act as facilitators, motivators and mentors who understand students' characteristics and learning needs. The implications of this research show the importance of increasing teacher capacity and cross-party collaboration to create an adaptive, responsive and inclusive learning environment to support student academic success.

The aim of this research is to determine how effective role-playing is in improving students' understanding of noble moral values in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMAN 6 Karawang. The background of this research is the importance of internalizing noble morals among students, which requires an active and contextual learning approach. This qualitative approach uses a classroom action research design (CAR). A total of thirty students from class XI-I are the subjects of the study. Observation, tests, and documentation are the data collection methods. The results of the study show that using role-playing methods can enhance students' understanding of moral values such as honesty, trustworthiness, humility, and keeping promises. This is evidenced by the increase in the average scores of students in each cycle, as well as the increase in student participation and positive attitudes during the learning process. Therefore, role playing has proven to be an effective learning approach in teaching noble moral values in Islamic secondary schools.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest levels of biodiversity in the world and possesses vast tropical forest areas that play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of global ecosystems. However, in recent decades, Indonesia’s forests have faced significant pressures due to deforestation and environmental degradation, which have broad impacts on ecological functions, climate balance, and the socio-economic lives of communities. This study aims to examine the role of biodiversity and ecological adaptation mechanisms in maintaining the stability of Indonesia’s forest ecosystems through a literature review approach. The findings show that deforestation directly affects biodiversity decline, habitat fragmentation, disruption of hydrological systems, increased erosion, and carbon emissions. Additionally, illegal activities such as logging and mining exacerbate environmental degradation. Biodiversity is proven to be an important factor in enhancing ecosystem resilience to disturbances, including climate change. Adaptation mechanisms such as the presence of bioindicator species, the formation of ecological corridors, and community participation in conservation can strengthen ecological resilience. Rehabilitation of degraded areas and the implementation of sustainable governance policies are necessary to restore the ecological functions of forests. This study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in conservation strategies, supported by strong scientific, social, and institutional frameworks to ensure the sustainability of Indonesia’s forest ecosystems in the future.

The design of banknotes is not merely an aesthetic element but also holds symbolic meanings that reflect a nation's identity, history, and cultural diversity. This study analyzes the design of the 2022 Rupiah banknotes using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, which consists of icons, indexes, and symbols, through a qualitative descriptive method. The findings indicate that the visual elements in these banknotes function not only as a medium of exchange but also as a visual communication tool that strengthens nationalism and cultural awareness. National heroes, traditional dances, indigenous flora, and natural landscapes featured on each denomination carry both explicit and implicit meanings that represent Indonesia's historical and cultural values. Furthermore, the design differences between the 2016 and 2022 emissions, such as the use of more vivid colors, varied sizes, and enhanced security features, highlight the government's visual communication strategy to maintain authenticity and facilitate Rupiah identification. This study provides insights into how banknote design serves as an educational medium and a unifying tool for the nation through meaningful visual symbols.

The Philosophy of Islamic Education serves as the main foundation that guides the spiritual and intellectual development of each individual. As a solid foundation, this philosophy not only acts as a conceptual framework, but also spreads into the essence of education, shaping personality, and directing the mind towards a deeper understanding of knowledge and spirituality. This article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Islamic educational philosophy can be a strong foundation for forming spiritual and intellectual intelligence. The method used is descriptive qualitative with library research, this research does not need to go into the field, but simply utilizes several sources of data in this article is done by searching the literature from various sources online according to the focus of the research. Data acquisition techniques are carried out by searching online books, scientific journals, and Google Scholar sources.The results of the discussion in this article show that Islamic Education Philosophy is the basis for creating spiritual and intellectual intelligence by emphasizing the integration of Islamic values ??in forming character through holistic education, and involving the principles and indicators of spiritual and intellectual intelligence., as well as the integration of Islamic teachings in the process of forming a balanced character and personality.

The absence of a father figure (fatherlessness) can have significant impacts on an individual's psychological and social well-being, particularly among university students who are navigating the critical phase of identity formation. This study aims to explore the meaning of father loss in students by comparing experiences of losing a father due to divorce and death. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, six participants who had experienced fatherlessness were interviewed in depth. The results show that the loss of a father due to death is generally perceived as a permanent and irreplaceable loss, evoking deep sadness. In contrast, father loss due to divorce is often associated with emotional conflict, feelings of abandonment, and unresolved grief (ambiguous loss). The psychological impacts include emotional disturbances, social difficulties, and low self-confidence. Students employed various coping strategies such as seeking social support and engaging in academic or productive activities. In conclusion, the study highlights that the meaning of father loss varies depending on its cause, but both types have significant negative effects on students' psychological well-being. Therefore, strong emotional and social support is essential to help fatherless students adapt and build resilience in facing such loss.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negera kepulauan yang mempunyai populasi yang sangat bervariasi dari berbagai sisi budaya, lingkungan, dan genetik. Hal ini menimbulkan variasi genetik yang dapat mempengaruhi perubahan respons tubuh terhadap nutrisi, pola makan, dan risiko penyakit diet. Nutrigenomik merupakan salah satu bidang biologi yang mengkaji bagaimana gen dan nutrisi berinteraksi satu sama lain. Salah satu contoh beberapa kasus yang sering terjadi di kalangan masyarakat adalah  intoleransi laktosa  dan memperbanyak untuk mengkonsumsi folat. Namun, penerapan nutrigenomik dalam pengabdian masyarakat menghadapi beberapa masalah. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang nutrigenomik dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kepada masyarakat Desa Bareng, Kabupaten Jombang. Selain itu, diharapkan persepsi masyarakat tentang penyakit yang berkaitan dengan nutrigenomik akan berubah. Sasaran dari kegiatan sosialisasi ini adalah masyarakat umum terutama remaja putri dan ibu-ibu. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan transformasi ilmu dengan presentasi materi dilanjutkan dengan sesi tanya jawab dan evaluasi Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai nutrigenomik, penyakit dan pencegahannya.

Despite numerous tax reforms, corporate tax compliance in Indonesia’s service industry remains low. A key reason is the failure to reconcile financial accounting with tax regulations through fiscal reconciliation. This study analyzes the impact of fiscal reconciliation on corporate tax compliance among Indonesian service firms. A mixed-method approach was used: a quantitative survey of 120 service firms and qualitative interviews with 8 tax practitioners and stakeholders. Regression results (coefficient = 0.621, R² = 0.547) show a significant positive effect of effective fiscal reconciliation on tax compliance. Qualitative findings support this, highlighting key issues such as process complexity, limited understanding of tax laws, and a lack of technological infrastructure. These results contribute empirical insights to Indonesia’s tax literature, particularly for the service sector. The study’s novelty lies in positioning fiscal reconciliation as a strategic tool to enhance compliance. It offers practical policy suggestions, including digitalization of systems, improved human resources, and timely and accurate tax reporting mechanisms.