Kapulaga merupakan rempah yang bernilai jual tinggi, umum dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu masakan dan obat tradisional. Meskipun panen kapulaga melimpah di Desa Bantarkulon, sebagian besar petani dan ibu-ibu PKK belum memiliki pengalaman dalam mengolahnya, sehingga buah kapulaga selama ini hanya dijual mentah. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang khasiat kapulaga untuk kesehatan, sekaligus melatih keterampilan membuat produk olahan bernilai ekonomi berupa wedang herbal kapulaga dalam bentuk teh celup. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang meliputi ceramah, demonstrasi, dan praktik langsung. Peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam seluruh proses, mulai dari pengolahan buah kapulaga, pengemasan, hingga strategi pemasaran produk. Hasil yang dicapai dari program ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang manfaat kapulaga sebagai bahan alami berkhasiat, seperti sifat antibakteri dan kemampuannya meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Selain itu, peserta juga memperoleh keterampilan praktis dalam mengolah kapulaga menjadi produk wedang herbal teh celup yang memiliki nilai guna dan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi.

Employee shift scheduling in the hospitality industry remains a critical yet complex task due to fluctuating operational demands, fairness requirements, and labour regulations. Many hotels still rely on manual scheduling methods, which are time-consuming and prone to biases, particularly in ensuring fair workload distribution across employees. Despite numerous studies on workforce scheduling, limited attention has been given to integer linear programming (ILP) models that address gender-based restrictions and operational fairness simultaneously in real-world hotel contexts, especially in developing regions such as Central Java. This study proposes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to generate optimal shift schedules for hotel staff over a 31-day planning horizon. The model incorporates operational constraints, including one shift per day, gender-based restrictions (which prevent female staff from working night shifts), availability, minimum staffing levels, and fairness in workload distribution. Key parameters and binary decision variables were defined to ensure compliance with the hotel's specific requirements. Empirical data were collected from a hotel in Central Java involving 20 employees, and the model was implemented using Python with a Gurobi solver. The ILP model successfully generated optimal schedules in under 10 seconds, significantly outperforming the manual method, which required over 4 hours. While the manual schedule resulted in an imbalance where some employees worked over 27 days and others only 22, the ILP approach enforced a strict maximum of 26 working days for all staff. Furthermore, the fairness index (FI) improved from 19.2% in the manual method to 0% in the ILP-generated schedule, indicating complete equity in workload allocation. The proposed ILP model demonstrates its effectiveness in improving scheduling fairness, operational efficiency, and compliance with labour policies. This work not only addresses a critical research gap in hospitality scheduling practices in Indonesia but also offers a replicable framework for other labour-intensive service sectors. Future research may explore multi-objective extensions incorporating employee preferences, satisfaction, and dynamic demand fluctuations.

This research is focused on assessing the public opinion of netizens on Twitter regarding the Constitutional Court's decision on the results of the 2024 Presidential Election by utilizing the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm. Twitter is the main social media platform that many people use to voice their opinions, including on political issues. Through the Naïve Bayes classification method, public opinion is divided into two main sentiments: positive and negative. This research began with the collection of comment data through the scraping process, then continued with the pre-processing stages of data which included case folding, tokenizing, normalization, stopword removal, and stemming. The processed data is then manually labeled to form training data. The Naïve Bayes model was trained using the training data, then tested using test data to evaluate the performance of the classification model. The results of the evaluation showed that the model had an accuracy rate of 90%, with precision and recall values in the positive class of 83% each. These findings show that the Naïve Bayes algorithm can effectively classify netizens' sentiments against the Constitutional Court's ruling. In addition, the classification results also show that netizens' opinions tend to be divided, with a slightly higher proportion of negative sentiments compared to positive sentiments. This study also enriches the methods used in digital sentiment analysis, especially in understanding public responses to political issues that develop on social media. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in data-based decision-making on public opinion, especially in the realm of public policy, political communication, and digital information management. Going forward, similar research could be further developed with different algorithms or with a wider scope of data to get a more comprehensive picture.

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a processed coconut product with high economic and health value. VCO production is known to be relatively easy, inexpensive, and capable of producing high-quality oil rich in benefits, including as a traditional medicine and natural ingredient for beauty and health. This community service activity aims to provide students of the Biology Education Study Program at Buton Muslim University with an understanding and practical skills regarding the VCO production process as a form of utilization of local natural resources, especially coconuts. The methods used in this activity include lectures or delivery of theoretical material, interactive discussions on the content and benefits of VCO, and direct practice in making virgin coconut oil using the settling method. This method was chosen because it does not require complicated equipment, does not use excessive heating, and is able to maintain the natural quality of the resulting oil. During the implementation, students are invited to observe and follow the entire process, from selecting good coconut raw materials, the grating process, squeezing coconut milk, natural fermentation through settling, to the process of separating oil from sediment and filtering. The results of this activity demonstrated that students not only understood the concept and theory of VCO production but also produced 1,500 ml of virgin coconut oil packaged in five 300 ml bottles. The VCO was then sold to the public for approximately Rp 30,000 per bottle. Through this activity, students not only gained contextual learning experiences but also developed insights into sustainable, locally-based entrepreneurship.

This study aims to explore the perspective of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) teachers and classroom teachers regarding the form and effectiveness of cooperation in the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with the topic of Sustainable Lifestyle at Pajajaran State Elementary School. The implementation of the Independent Curriculum emphasizes the importance of collaborative, comprehensive, and contextual learning, where synergy between teachers is the main foundation for the success of thematic projects. This collaboration is essential to ensure that learning not only develops cognitive aspects, but also forms character and environmental awareness in students. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through semi-structured interviews, direct observation during the learning process, and document analysis such as learning implementation plans and P5 project reports. The data was analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive picture of the teacher's collaboration strategy. PJOK teachers play a role in field practice, such as teaching physical activities that prioritize the principles of sustainability and healthy living habits. Meanwhile, classroom teachers emphasized strengthening conceptual material on sustainability through discussions, literacy, and creative projects. The results of the study show that the synergy between PJOK teachers and classroom teachers creates more effective and meaningful learning. Challenges that arise include limited time for coordination, differences in teaching styles, and lack of a comprehensive understanding of sustainability concepts. However, motivation, commitment, and good communication are key factors to overcome these obstacles. This research emphasizes that teacher collaboration is crucial in supporting the successful implementation of the Independent Curriculum, while instilling the values of environmental care, independence, and social responsibility in students.

Bioactive compounds are chemical compounds formed through metabolic processes in plants, contributing to their beneficial properties. Cocoa fruit, derived from 22 cultivated Theobroma species, contains a variety of bioactive compounds that offer several health benefits. Identifying these bioactive compounds in plants can be achieved through extraction using various solvents, depending on their polarity properties. This study aims to explore the content of bioactive compounds in dried cocoa fruit peel (Theobroma cacao L.) extract, focusing on variations in solvent polarity. The results of the study showed that the 96% ethanol extract (polar solvent) of cocoa fruit peel contained a range of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Ethanol, being a polar solvent, effectively extracted a variety of bioactive compounds due to its ability to dissolve polar substances. This extract is significant due to its wide range of potential health benefits attributed to the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, all known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the acetone extract (semi-polar solvent) of cocoa fruit peel also contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Acetone, as a semi-polar solvent, was able to extract a variety of compounds with moderate polarity, making it a versatile solvent for bioactive compound extraction. The presence of alkaloids and saponins in this extract indicates its potential use for various medicinal purposes. On the other hand, the n-Hexane extract (non-polar solvent) of cocoa fruit peel produced primarily alkaloids and terpenoids. Hexane, being non-polar, tends to extract non-polar compounds, which include alkaloids and terpenoids known for their various biological activities. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the varying effectiveness of solvents with different polarities in extracting bioactive compounds from cocoa fruit peel, which can be utilized for health-promoting purposes.

This research focuses on analyzing the impact of fundamental financial ratios on stock prices in the banking sector, specifically examining PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. The key financial ratios investigated include Return On Assets (ROA), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and the ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO). The study employs a quantitative descriptive research method, utilizing secondary data sourced from annual reports spanning the period from 2014 to 2023. Multiple linear regression analysis is utilized as the primary analytical tool to address the research questions and hypotheses. The findings of the study reveal that the independent variables—ROA, LDR, NPL, and BOPO—significantly influence stock prices, both in isolation and collectively. This indicates that these financial ratios are critical indicators for investors and stakeholders when evaluating the performance and market value of banking institutions. The research highlights the importance of these financial metrics in shaping market perceptions and stock valuations, providing valuable insights for investors, financial analysts, and decision-makers in the banking industry. Furthermore, the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding the relationship between financial performance indicators and stock market behavior. By emphasizing the correlation between these ratios and stock prices, the research underscores the necessity for stakeholders to monitor and analyze these key financial metrics to make informed investment decisions. Overall, the results affirm the relevance of fundamental financial ratios in assessing the financial health and competitive positioning of banks, particularly in the context of PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. This analysis not only enriches the literature on banking finance but also serves as a practical guide for stakeholders aiming to optimize their investment strategies based on financial performance indicators.

In the digital era, Christians face significant challenges in maintaining an authentic spirituality amidst a continuous stream of information and the influence of popular culture that often contradicts biblical values. The command in Romans 12:2 to "not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind" remains highly relevant, yet its practical application in contemporary Christian life is frequently overlooked. This study aims to explore the theological depth of Romans 12:2, identify the dominant patterns of worldly thought in the digital age, and develop a contextual and applicable framework for transformative Christian spirituality. Utilizing a qualitative method with a library research approach, data were gathered from theological works, biblical commentaries, and scholarly literature on spirituality, culture, and digital engagement. The study reveals that the renewal of the mind refers not only to a personal inner change but to a reorientation of worldview through the power of the Holy Spirit. This transformation involves resisting cultural tendencies such as self-image obsession on social media, intellectual complacency caused by technological convenience, and the rise of individualistic spirituality detached from community life. To address these challenges, the study proposes several implementation strategies: fostering deeper biblical literacy contextualized to current issues, cultivating critical thinking as a form of spiritual discipline, and nurturing accountability within faith communities. These elements form a holistic framework of contemporary Christian spirituality that is Christ-centered, critically aware, and outward-focused in mission. The implications of this framework suggest that Christian spirituality in the digital era must engage both heart and mind, remain rooted in Scripture, and be lived out in communal and missional contexts.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.
 

This study aims to examine the influence of academic stress and self-regulation on academic procrastination among students at SMK Negeri 48 Jakarta. Academic procrastination is a behavior commonly observed among vocational students who are required to balance both theoretical learning and practical skills development. The research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational survey method. A total of 289 students from tenth and eleventh grades, representing six vocational programs, were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires utilizing a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The findings of this study revealed that academic stress has a positive and significant effect on academic procrastination, with a regression coefficient of 0.224 and a t-value of 8.668 (p < 0.05). This indicates that higher levels of academic stress are associated with greater tendencies to procrastinate. In contrast, self-regulation was found to have a negative and significant effect on academic procrastination, with a regression coefficient of -0.351 and a t-value of 7.943 (p < 0.05), suggesting that students with stronger self-regulation skills are less likely to engage in procrastination. Furthermore, the simultaneous influence of academic stress and self-regulation on academic procrastination was significant, as evidenced by an F-value of 64.765 (p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.644, indicating that 64.4% of the variance in academic procrastination can be explained by the two independent variables. These results underscore the critical role of stress management and the development of self-regulation abilities in mitigating academic procrastination among vocational school students. Educational interventions focused on reducing stress levels and enhancing self-regulatory behaviors may serve as effective strategies to promote better academic outcomes and reduce counterproductive procrastination habits.