Physics learning in senior high school faces challenges in developing students' scientific reasoning ability. This study aims to examine students' scientific reasoning ability through project-based learning of briquette making and its effect on improving students' critical thinking ability, especially in SMA Negeri 1 Jatiroto, to improve a more effective understanding of physics. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Jatiroto, Lumajang Regency, in semester one of the 2024/2025 scholastic year. The population of the research sample was class X students, which was determined using homogeneity test and random sampling technique or purposive sampling. The research design used Quasi Experimental with pre-test and post-test. Data collection was done through tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. The pre-test and post-test results showed a significant increase in the experimental class, with a higher mean post-test result (84) than the control class (50). Data analysis displayed a significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the project-based learning model had a beneficial effect on enhancing performance students' scientific reasoning skills. Thus, project-based learning in briquette making is proven to be able to encourage increased understanding of physics concepts while developing students' critical thinking skills more effectively.

Promoter methylation of the hTERT gene in blood DNA has been proposed to be an epigenetic molecular clock because it is negatively correlated with ageing. Saliva is an alternative source of DNA because it contains buccal cells. Currently, the correlation of hTERT promoter methylation and ageing using saliva is not known. This study aimed to determine: first, the correlation between hTERT promoter methylation and ageing in saliva, as a source of non-invasive DNA sampling, instead of blood was determined. Second, the influence of sex on the methylation of the hTERT promoter in ageing was evaluated. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 119 subjects were recruited, consisting of 25 children (1-5 y.o), 42 teens (17-19 y.o), 16 adults (20-50 y.o), and 36 elderly (60 to 84 y.o). Promoter methylation of the hTERT of extracted DNA was determined using the MSRE (methyl-specific restriction enzyme) method. The relationship between age and the percentage of hTERT methylation was assessed using the Pearson test. The percentage of hTERT methylation in saliva DNA was negatively correlated with age r= -0.4305 (p-value <0.05). Negative correlation was also found in men (r= -0.376) and women (r=-0.43). Negative correlation between hTERT and ageing has been confirmed in saliva as a noninvasive sampling method. The benefit of this research in ethical and social considerations may encourage a greater participation in ageing research, particularly in underprivileged communities, thus democratising access to scientific advancements in longevity studies.

Maternal anxiety during the childbirth process is a common psychological condition that can potentially increase the risk of complications, prolong labor, and reduce the likelihood of a positive birthing experience. High anxiety levels in mothers may interfere with the effectiveness of labor, impact maternal and fetal well-being, and lead to increased medical interventions. One of the most important support systems during labor is the presence and active involvement of the husband. The husband’s role is not only limited to being present but also includes providing emotional, physical, and motivational support to the mother. Recognizing the importance of this role, this community service program was designed to enhance husbands’ understanding and skills in supporting their wives during childbirth, thereby helping to reduce maternal anxiety.The program consisted of several stages, including the delivery of structured health education sessions on maternal needs during labor, demonstrations of effective communication techniques, simulations of support during different stages of childbirth, and interactive discussions to address questions and share experiences. Through these activities, participants were encouraged to build empathy, strengthen their knowledge about labor, and develop the confidence to assist their wives effectively. The results of the program indicated a noticeable improvement in the husbands’ awareness of the importance of their role, as well as increased confidence in providing both emotional reassurance and physical assistance. Participants reported feeling better prepared to accompany their wives, manage unexpected situations, and foster a more supportive environment during childbirth. This initiative highlights the significant impact that targeted education and training for husbands can have on maternal psychological well-being, ultimately contributing to safer and more positive birth experiences.

Camshaft lift is an important parameter that determines the height of the valve lift, calculated from the valve position when it is completely closed to the fully open position. This component plays a crucial role in regulating the flow of the air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. This study aims to improve the performance of a 200cc 4-stroke motorcycle engine through camshaft lift modification, which is expected to affect the characteristics of engine torque and power. Modifications were carried out by designing two types of modified camshafts, namely series A and series B, as a comparison to the standard camshaft. The research method used is experimental testing using a dynamometer to measure engine torque and power at various speeds, ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 RPM. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the effect of each type of camshaft on engine performance. The test results show that the B series camshaft provides the most significant performance improvement compared to the standard and A series camshafts. At 7,500 RPM, the standard camshaft produces an average torque of 19.2 Nm, the A series camshaft 19.6 Nm, while the B series camshaft reaches 21.2 Nm. Meanwhile, at 10,000 RPM, the average power of the standard camshaft is recorded at 22.2 HP, the A series camshaft 24.1 HP, and the B series camshaft reaches 26.3 HP. This increase indicates that the camshaft lift modification is able to optimize the duration and height of the valve opening, so that the supply of the fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber becomes more efficient. Thus, camshaft modification, especially the B series, is an effective and applicable solution in increasing the performance output of a 200cc motorcycle engine without having to make major changes to the overall engine structure.

MSMEs play a strategic role in supporting the growth and stability of the national economy (Endra et al., 2024), especially in the culinary sector which continues to grow. However, a fundamental problem commonly experienced by MSMEs is the ability to create visually attractive and professional promotional elements. One example is BentoDay, a food business in West Jakarta, which still relies on simple visual promotions through social media without optimal content packaging. This activity aims to develop the digital promotional capacity of participants through program mentoring and training that focuses on creating logos and product catalogs using the Canva application, a digital tool used for easy-to-use visual design purposes that allows even beginners to create posters, banners and social media content (Akbar et al., n.d.). Initial observations, direct training, intensive mentoring, and evaluation of participants' design results are part of the mentoring activity approach. The results of the activity implementation illustrate that participants have the ability to independently produce promotional materials, such as business logos and product catalogs with more attractive and consistent designs. This training not only improves participants' design skills but also has a positive impact on the digital marketing strategy of culinary businesses. MSMEs can improve their competitiveness and increase sales by implementing better design. This approach demonstrates the importance of acquiring digital skills for MSMEs to strengthen their brand identity and expand their consumer reach (Andari, N., Sari, D.P., & Hidayat, 2025). Therefore, using Canva has proven useful for enhancing the competitiveness of MSME digital promotions.

This study aims to determine and analyze the potential and challenges of culinary businesses, the implementation of digitalization and halal certification, and the development of an effective and sustainable model for the "Resto Apung" culinary business to support food economic independence in coastal villages. The research was conducted at "Resto Apung" using a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. The findings show that the "Resto Apung" business holds significant potential as a culinary destination with a strong attraction due to its unique location and menu offerings based on local marine products. However, several challenges hinder its development, including low digital literacy among business managers, lack of structured and professional management systems, and the absence of halal certification which is crucial in targeting broader Muslim consumer segments. Currently, digitalization has only been applied in the marketing aspect, primarily through social media, while other aspects such as financial management, customer service, and operational processes are still managed conventionally. Nevertheless, the managers have shown awareness and initiatives to improve, especially in recognizing halal certification as a strategic competitive advantage. The proposed development model integrates digitalization into all aspects of business management, enhances human resource capacity through technical and managerial training, and includes efforts to obtain halal certification. This holistic approach is expected to increase the competitiveness of the culinary business, optimize local potential, and ultimately contribute to the achievement of food economic independence in coastal areas.

Drinking water is a basic human need that must meet health requirements to be suitable for direct consumption without causing health risks. Drinkable water must be free from various contaminants, both physical, chemical, and microbiological that can harm the human body. One of the sources of drinking water that is widely used by the community is refillable drinking water (DAMIU), which is now growing due to its affordable price and ease of access. However, the water quality from DAMIU is often a concern due to potential contamination due to sanitation that does not meet standards. This study aims to analyze the sanitary conditions of the refillable drinking water depot (DAMIU) and assess the quality of drinking water based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters in the working area of the Punti Kayu Health Center, Palembang. A total of 15 DAMIU are the object of research that are examined through laboratory tests and direct observation of the sanitary conditions and equipment of the depot. The results showed that all DAMIU (100%) had met the general sanitation requirements, such as room cleanliness, equipment, and workers. However, microbiological testing found that 33.4% of the water samples contained E. coli and Coliform bacteria, indicating the presence of contamination. In addition, all samples (100%) did not meet the ideal drinking water pH requirements, and as many as 40% of the samples had aluminum content that exceeded the threshold set by the Indonesian Minister of Health. From these findings, it can be concluded that although the sanitary conditions of DAMIU are relatively good, the quality of the drinking water produced still requires serious attention.

This study aims to identify hazards and assess occupational health and safety (OHS) risks in the animal feed production process using the HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) method. The feed industry involves various operational stages that pose significant safety risks to workers, particularly due to exposure to dust, noise, chemicals, and physically demanding tasks. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing field observations and direct interviews with workers across different departments involved in the production line. The findings reveal a wide range of potential hazards at each stage of the feed manufacturing process. These include respiratory risks caused by airborne particles in confined spaces, noise exposure from machinery, musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive and manual handling of heavy materials, and exposure to hazardous substances such as cleaning agents and chemical additives. Each identified hazard was assessed based on its likelihood of occurrence and severity of impact, resulting in a risk rating that was then used to prioritize necessary control measures. Risk mitigation strategies were proposed according to the hierarchy of controls, starting with elimination and substitution, followed by engineering controls such as improving ventilation and using noise-reducing equipment. Administrative controls like work rotation schedules, safety training, and the development of standard operating procedures were also emphasized. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended as a supplementary measure rather than a primary control. By systematically applying the HIRARC method, this study provides a comprehensive overview of occupational risks in the animal feed industry. The recommended interventions are expected to contribute to a safer working environment, reduce accident rates, and improve the overall well-being and productivity of workers in feed production facilities.
 

Employee shift scheduling in the hospitality industry remains a critical yet complex task due to fluctuating operational demands, fairness requirements, and labour regulations. Many hotels still rely on manual scheduling methods, which are time-consuming and prone to biases, particularly in ensuring fair workload distribution across employees. Despite numerous studies on workforce scheduling, limited attention has been given to integer linear programming (ILP) models that address gender-based restrictions and operational fairness simultaneously in real-world hotel contexts, especially in developing regions such as Central Java. This study proposes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to generate optimal shift schedules for hotel staff over a 31-day planning horizon. The model incorporates operational constraints, including one shift per day, gender-based restrictions (which prevent female staff from working night shifts), availability, minimum staffing levels, and fairness in workload distribution. Key parameters and binary decision variables were defined to ensure compliance with the hotel's specific requirements. Empirical data were collected from a hotel in Central Java involving 20 employees, and the model was implemented using Python with a Gurobi solver. The ILP model successfully generated optimal schedules in under 10 seconds, significantly outperforming the manual method, which required over 4 hours. While the manual schedule resulted in an imbalance where some employees worked over 27 days and others only 22, the ILP approach enforced a strict maximum of 26 working days for all staff. Furthermore, the fairness index (FI) improved from 19.2% in the manual method to 0% in the ILP-generated schedule, indicating complete equity in workload allocation. The proposed ILP model demonstrates its effectiveness in improving scheduling fairness, operational efficiency, and compliance with labour policies. This work not only addresses a critical research gap in hospitality scheduling practices in Indonesia but also offers a replicable framework for other labour-intensive service sectors. Future research may explore multi-objective extensions incorporating employee preferences, satisfaction, and dynamic demand fluctuations.

This qualitative case study investigated the factors and impacts of English language learning anxiety among students at SMP Muhammadiyah Tanjungpinang. The research focused on students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades during the academic year 2024/2025. A total of 32 students across all grade levels were involved in the study. The researchers initially conducted classroom observations to identify students who exhibited signs of anxiety during English lessons. Based on these observations, eleven students were selected as participants for semi-structured interviews and more detailed classroom observations. The research aimed to explore how anxiety manifests in the classroom and how it affects students' language acquisition in a unique socio-educational environment. The data collected through interviews and observations were analyzed qualitatively by interpreting students’ responses and behavioral patterns in class. The findings revealed that three primary types of language anxiety—Communication Apprehension, Test Anxiety, and Fear of Negative Evaluation—were commonly experienced by the students. These forms of anxiety were often interconnected, compounding the emotional barriers students faced in English learning. One of the key contributing factors was the students’ fear of peer ridicule, especially within a tightly bonded student community. Many of the participants were affiliated with orphanages connected to the school, which created a unique emotional and social environment. This setting, while supportive in many ways, also contributed to heightened sensitivity to peer judgment and a strong fear of making mistakes. As a result, the affective filter among these students was notably high, significantly hindering their willingness to participate and ultimately affecting their English language acquisition.