History often repeats itself in different contexts, as seen in the political dynamics of Indonesia in 2024, which are similar to the events of 1998. Although it has not yet reached the escalation of reforms, political tensions, polarization of society, and dissatisfaction with the government are the main issues. The fall in the Democracy Index reflects a weakening of freedom of opinion, human rights, and political participation. The wave of massive demonstrations against the revision of the 2024 Pilkada law showed resistance from various elements of society, including students, workers, artists, and public figures. Demonstrators demanded that the DPR comply with Constitutional Court decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 regarding the threshold for the nomination of regional heads and Constitutional Court decision Number 70/PUU-XXII / 2024 regarding the age limit for candidates for regional heads. This research is a literature study with qualitative methods and a normative legal approach, including statutory, case, and conceptual analysis. The Data was obtained through the analysis of relevant legal and regulatory documents, as well as public opinion published in online media. This study provides an overview of the current challenges of Indonesian democracy as well as the implications of legal decisions on national political dynamics.

Seiring dengan meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan peningkatan volume kendaraaan yang memenuhi ruang Kota Pekanbaru, permasalahan juga diikuti dengan pertumbuhan kenaikan akan moda transportasi baru yang dapat mempermudah aktivitas dan mobilitas penduduk di kota-kota besar yang kian meningkat diiringi dengan mudahnya akses mendapatkan kendaraan pribadi. Upaya untuk mengatasi kenaikan volume kendaraan yang memenuhi ruang kemacetan Kota Pekanbaru akan dioptimalkan penggunaan Terminal AKAP BRPS Kota Pekanbaru dengan penerapan konsep Transit Oriented Development (TOD). TOD adalah konsep perencanaan yang mengintegrasikan tata ruang kota yang menyatukan orang, kegiatan, bangunan, dan ruang publik melalui aksesbilitas yang dapat diakses dengan berjalan kaki dan bersepeda serta dapat menghubungkan langsung pada fasilitas transportasi publik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ketersediaan ruang yang berada di Terminal AKAP BRPS Kota Pekanbaru dan pendapat masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama dalam penerapan TOD dan menghasilkan keluaran dalam bentuk kajian. Dalam penelitian ini membahas aspek spasial dan aspek sosial dalam wilayah studi. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis spasial, dan analisis hierarki proses. Analisis yang telah dilakukan yaitu analisis ketersediaan ruang dan analisis preferensi masyarakat dalam menentukan prioritas variabel diperoleh bahwa prioritas tertinggi adalah variabel penerangan jalan dan prioritas terendah adalah kepadatan bangunan.

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) plays a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 by promoting the acquisition of understanding, knowledge, and skills. This study aims to assess students’ Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) competencies and examine the correlation between ESD competency and students’ environmental empathy in Disaster and Environmental Knowledge at Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study employed a correlation research method with quantitative and qualitative approaches using random sampling techniques. The random sampling method was used to select 339 participants with a 95% confidence level. Data were collected using an ESD competency test, an environmental empathy questionnaire, and interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson product-moment correlation technique. The analysis results show that the average score for students’ systems thinking competency was 73.67% (good category), and students’ critical thinking competence was 71.64% (adequate category). Statistical analysis shows a significant positive correlation between ESD competency and environmental empathy (r = 0.301), indicating that ESD competency explains 31.1% of the variance in environmental empathy. Therefore, it can be concluded that ESD competency is positively related to environmental empathy, though with a low level of correlation. This study provides valuable insights for universities and stakeholders in designing more effective ESD programs to promote sustainable development, especially goals 4 (quality education) and 13 (climate action).