This study aims to determine the Effect of Working Capital, E-Commerce Users, and Internal Control Systems on MSME Income in Medan Deli District. This study uses primary data, primary data obtained from answers to a series of statements in the form of questionnaires to MSMEs in Medan Deli District totaling 80 respondents. The research sample uses purposive sampling technique and also in this study is determined by the slovin method in MSMEs in Medan Deli District. The method of distributing questionnaires through several questionnaire sheets is divided into employees, and also through google form. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Based on the results of partial testing, it shows that there is a positive and significant influence between Working Capital on MSME Income. Based on the results of partial testing, it shows that there is a positive and significant influence between E-Commerce User Empowerment on MSME Income, Internal control systems have a positive and significant effect on MSME Income. Based on the results of simultaneous testing, there is a relationship between the Effect of Working Capital, E-Commerce Users, and Internal Control Systems on MSME Income.

The Dayak Sanggau community practices a number of cultural traditions during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, reflecting a blend of spiritual beliefs and medical needs. This study employed a qualitative method with a literature review (library research) approach to explore pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum practices among the Dayak Sanggau people. The findings identified supportive practices such as spousal involvement and basic check-ups by traditional midwives, as well as potentially harmful practices including non-sterile vaginal examinations, childbirth in the kitchen area, and the use of alcoholic herbal concoctions for infants. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding local culture and integrating medical education so that positive traditional practices can be preserved, while risky ones are minimized through culturally sensitive interventions.

Technological developments and globalization encourage people to develop in the transaction process. Now, conventional technology is starting to be abandoned and switched to a digitalization system, thus strengthening the balance of trade on an international scale. As one of the global e-wallets, PayPal offers convenience in cross-border transactions, but there are not many studies that specifically evaluate the level of satisfaction of Indonesian users in the application of this service. This research focuses on analyzing the level of satisfaction of using PayPal in Indonesia in cross-border transactions and examining technology acceptance factors with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) method. Data were collected through distributing questionnaires to active PayPal users in Indonesia and analyzed quantitatively using structural regression methods (SEM/PLS). The results showed that perceived ease of use, usefulness, and trust have a significant influence on user satisfaction. In addition, UTAUT 2 variables such as performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, and hedonic value also contribute to forming positive perceptions of using PayPal. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of an international digital payment system that is more responsive to the needs of users in Indonesia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant healthcare-associated pathogen, capable of spreading through contaminated aerosols generated by medical equipment such as nebulizers. The increasing prevalence of MRSA infections, coupled with challenges in effective disinfection, highlights the urgency of identifying optimal disinfection methods. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of chlorhexidine in reducing MRSA contamination in nebulizer equipment, focusing on determining the optimal concentration for disinfecting nebulizers to minimize airborne transmission. This study employed an in vitro experimental design. The study population consisted of MRSA isolates obtained from clinical sputum specimens. The samples included nebulizer equipment inoculated with MRSA suspensions standardized to 10⁷ CFU/mL. Disinfection was carried out using chlorhexidine at concentrations of 2.5%, 4%, and 5%, each diluted in 70% alcohol. Control groups were rinsed with sterile saline and 70% alcohol. Post-disinfection, the nebulizer surfaces were swabbed and cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar to quantify colony-forming units (CFUs). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test, with a significance level set at p 0.05. The results show that chlorhexidine 2.5% reduced bacterial counts to an average of 1 CFU/plate, and 4% chlorhexidine reduced it to 49 CFU/plate. Chlorhexidine 5% resulted in an average of 1,430.6625 CFU/plate. Statistical analysis revealed significant reductions with 2.5% and 4% chlorhexidine compared to controls (p0.01), whereas 5% Chlorhexidine did not show a significant difference. These findings suggest that lower concentrations of chlorhexidine may be sufficient for effective disinfection in nebulizer equipment, addressing the risk of MRSA spread through airborne particles.

This paper examines the influence of financial education on personal financial management practices of Generation Z. A quantitative method with a survey approach was used, involving 30 Generation Z respondents (aged 17-25 years) through questionnaires and simple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate a significant influence of financial education on wise financial management practices. Generation Z with adequate financial education tends to be more able to budget, save, invest, and avoid impulsive debt. Conversely, the lack of financial education makes them vulnerable to unwise financial decisions. This paper highlights the importance of integrating financial education into the curriculum and self-development programs to improve literacy and healthy financial practices among Generation Z. This study also discusses the challenges faced by Generation Z in managing finances in the digital era, such as a consumptive lifestyle influenced by social media and e-commerce.

This research examines the relationship between stock returns and the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) before, during, and after the Covid-19 epidemic (2018–2019, 2020–2021, and 2022–2023). Financial performance indicators are the return on invested capital (ROIC), earnings per share (EPS), working capital turnover, total asset turnover, cash ratio, debt-to-equity Ratio, debt-to-asset Ratio, Current Ratio, and cash ratio. The study's primary sources are BUMN's annual financial reports and stock price data. A multiple linear regression model examined the connection between stock returns and financial performance. According to the findings, the variables influencing stock returns varied throughout time. Before the pandemic, cash ratio and earnings per share (EPS) significantly enhanced stock returns, reflecting investor attention to liquidity and profitability during economic stability. During the pandemic, total asset turnover emerged as the key variable impacting stock returns, emphasizing the necessity for efficient asset management amidst economic uncertainty. After the pandemic, earnings per share (EPS) and return on invested capital (ROIC) became the most influential factors, indicating investors' focus on profitability and the ability to generate investment returns. The study concludes that the COVID-19 epidemic has significantly impacted the correlation between stock returns and financial performance. These results provide corporate management and investors with important information for creating flexible financial plans that adjust to shifting market conditions.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of price and brand image on Mixue consumer loyalty in Yogyakarta.  Employing a quantitative approach with 50 respondents, data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression.  Validity and reliability tests demonstrated a robust research instrument. Classical assumptions were met.  The F-test indicated a significant simultaneous effect of price and brand image on consumer loyalty (p < 0.05).  However, the t-test showed that only brand image had a significant partial effect (p < 0.05), while the effect of price was insignificant (p > 0.05).  This finding has implications for Mixue's marketing strategy in Yogyakarta, emphasizing the importance of a strong brand image.

The Surya Makmur Farmers Group, formed in 2023 in Suryowijayan Village, Yogyakarta, consists of 20 housewives who were previously not economically productive. This urban farming program aims to increase household food security through training in modern agricultural technology such as vertical farming, tabulampot, organic fertilizers, and botanical pesticides. Demonstration plots (demplots) with smart plug-based drip irrigation were also developed to increase cultivation efficiency. This program has increased production by up to 50% in several commodities such as chilies, mustard greens, and corn. In addition, member empowerment has increased through institutional training and organic waste management. This program creates a sustainable impact on food security and community welfare.ABSTRAKKelompok Tani Surya Makmur, dibentuk pada tahun 2023 di Kampung Suryowijayan, Yogyakarta, beranggotakan 20 ibu rumah tangga yang sebelumnya tidak produktif secara ekonomi. Program urban farming ini bertujuan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga melalui pelatihan teknologi pertanian modern seperti vertikultur, tabulampot, pembuatan pupuk organik, dan pestisida nabati. Demonstration plot (demplot) dengan irigasi tetes berbasis smart plug juga dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi budidaya. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan produksi hingga 50% pada beberapa komoditas seperti cabai, sawi, dan jagung. Selain itu, keberdayaan anggota meningkat melalui pelatihan kelembagaan dan pengelolaan limbah organic. Program ini menciptakan dampak berkelanjutan terhadap ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. 

This study examines the role of homeless people in the Indonesian Independence Revolution in Semarang City in the period 1945–1950. The main focus of the study includes the socio-economic background of the emergence of homeless people, their contribution in the physical struggle against the Japanese and Dutch troops, and their involvement in struggle organizations such as Laskar Kere and Laskar Jembel. Using historical research methods—including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography—this study highlights how homeless people, despite being socially marginalized, actively participated as fighters and spies in the struggle for independence. The study also reveals the passive side of some homeless people who remained mired in poverty and were not involved in the revolution. The findings show that homeless people have a complex role, both as active actors in the revolution and as symbols of the social impact of war and colonialism. This study enriches the understanding of urban social dynamics in the history of the nation's struggle.

Gross motor development in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) serves as a crucial foundation for their physical, cognitive, and social growth. Parental knowledge about the stages of this development is essential for providing appropriate stimulation and early detection of developmental delays. However, studies indicate that many parents, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, still have limited understanding, potentially hindering the optimal development of their children. This study aims to analyze parental knowledge of gross motor development in toddlers through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 selected studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal variability in parental knowledge levels, with education, access to digital information, and the role of healthcare professionals identified as key determinants. Recommended interventions include community-based education programs via posyandu (integrated health posts) for rural areas and the use of digital platforms for urban populations, supported by multisectoral policy integration to ensure program effectiveness and sustainability.