This study explores the application of the normal distribution in analyzing the height data of Mathematics Education students at FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan in 2024. Employing a quantitative descriptive-analytic methodology, the research involved collecting primary data from 10 randomly selected students through a questionnaire-based survey. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed a mean height of 161.4 cm with a standard deviation of 8.79 cm. The median height was found to be 164 cm, while the mode was 150 cm, indicating a slightly skewed distribution. To assess the suitability of the normal distribution model, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied, resulting in a W value of 0.921 and a p-value of 0.361, which exceeds the 0.05 significance level. This confirms that the sample data follow a normal distribution pattern. The findings were further supported through visual representation using histograms and analysis based on the empirical rule, which showed that approximately 68% of the students' heights fall within one standard deviation of the mean (152.81–169.99 cm). Additionally, probability calculations demonstrated that the likelihood of a student being 160 cm tall or shorter is approximately 43.64%. These results validate the effectiveness of the normal distribution as a tool for analyzing biological or physical characteristics, even in small sample sizes. However, the study acknowledges its limitation in terms of sample size and suggests that future research involve larger and more diverse populations to enhance generalizability. The study highlights the relevance of normal distribution in statistical modeling, particularly for educational and health-related data interpretation and decision-making processes.

This study aims to analyze the effect of production cost optimization on increasing profits (profit) in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Pancing, Medan City. MSMEs have an important role in the Indonesian economy, contributing around 60% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and absorbing more than 97% of the workforce. However, many MSMEs face challenges in managing production costs efficiently, which can reduce their profit margins and competitiveness in the market. The method used in this study was a survey with a questionnaire distributed to 10 registered MSME respondents. The results of the analysis showed that 80% of respondents had businesses registered as MSMEs, and 60% of them conducted production cost analysis regularly. In addition, 70% of respondents believed that good production cost management could increase their business profits. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between production cost optimization and increased profits, with a correlation coefficient of 0.75 and a significance value of p <0.05. The regression results showed that every one unit increase in production cost optimization would increase profits by 1.20 units. This study concludes that production cost optimization has a significant effect on increasing profits in MSMEs in Medan. Therefore, it is recommended that MSME owners continue to improve their understanding of the importance of production cost optimization and implement technology that can help efficiency and conduct cost analysis regularly.

Literacy skills are a fundamental element in primary education that influence students' success in various fields. However, the results of the PISA survey show that the literacy levels of Indonesian students are still unsatisfactory. One innovative approach that can improve students' literacy skills is the use of multimodal texts. Multimodal texts integrate various modes of communication such as written text, images, audio, and video to convey information, which is believed to enhance student engagement and understanding in the learning process. Several studies indicate that the application of multimodal texts can improve science literacy, reading comprehension, and writing skills among primary school students. This study employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to identify, evaluate, and synthesize various studies related to the use of multimodal texts in literacy learning at the primary school level. The analysis results show that multimodal texts are effective in enhancing students' literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing. Therefore, the integration of multimodal texts into the primary school curriculum is highly recommended to improve the quality of learning and student learning outcomes

The use of persuasion theory is extremely important in daily life. Persuasion is crucial in situations other than marketing campaigns or political campaigns. Disseminating information to the general public and researching shifts in social norms and values both require persuasion. Aristotle's rhetorical triangle—ethos, pathos, and logos—is one of the persuasive techniques that have a significant impact on the communication industry. Aristotle's rhetorical triangle has been the subject of numerous studies, but few have addressed the problem of message delivery, particularly in digital public service announcements. The writer was encouraged to hold an ABDIMAS activity entitled "The application of Aristotle's rhetoric as a persuasive strategy for public service messages by Gen Alpha" at SMA Fons Vitae 1 Matraman, East Jakarta. The participants who attended were 22 people, 11 men, and 11 women, a combination of students from grades X to XII who were members of the English Club. The ABDIMAS activity which was held on Thursday, March 13, 2025, combined lecture technique and direct practice. From the results of the practice, it was found that all participants were able to apply Aristotle's rhetorical triangle persuasion strategy, with the most dominant strategy used being logos.

Target nasional tahun 2024 Indonesia terbebas dari BABS atau dengan status ODF. Sanitasi sehat dan aman akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tingkat ekonomi dan pendidikan yang rendah menjadikan perubahan kebiasaan BABS menuju ODF bukanlah hal yang mudah. Atas dasar Perda Surabaya No. No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ketertiban Umum dan Ketentraman Masyarakat, maka tahun 2023 Surabaya telah mampu mencapai target 100%. Oleh karen itu dalam penelitian ini akan menganalisis kebijakan Surabaya dalam mendukung target ODF 100% serta strategi Surabaya agar dapat mempertahankan status ODF saat ini. Dengan menggunkan metode sosio legal dapat disimpulkan bahwa Surabaya telah menerbitkan Peraturan Walikota untuk melakukan percepatan pembangunan jamban dengan mengabaikan syarat legalitas kepemilikan lahan. Sedangkan strategi dalam mempertahankan status ODF adalah dengan adanya kebijakan dan aplikasi sedot tinja dengan biaya yang murah serta keterlibatan aktif masyarakat untuk tetap melakukan kebiasaan baik dalam hal sanitasi berkelanjutan.
 

This article aims to determine how important Civic Education learning is in schools, one of which is in elementary schools, to form a character that cares about the environment. This study uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method where researchers search for and review various sources such as journals, books, or other sources that are in accordance with the topic to be discussed. Civic Education learning in elementary schools is a very important learning in forming a character that cares about the school environment. By integrating Civic Education learning in elementary schools, it can develop awareness to be able to form a character that cares about the environment. The results of this study are that Civic Education learning has a very important influence on the formation of a character that cares about the environment

The curriculum is like a spirit in learning, so it needs to be designed, implemented and evaluated to adjust to the times. The Islamic education curriculum needs to develop to meet needs. This study aims to determine the concept of the design of the Sufism-based Islamic education curriculum at the Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Jagad 'Alimussirry and its implementation. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The data collection techniques are through interviews, observations, and analysis of relevant documents. The results of this study indicate that the Sufism-based Religious education curriculum is very much needed to cultivate the spiritual aspects of students to balance the hegemony of the rationality aspect. A unique fact found is the implementation of the curriculum at the Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School which collaborates between the semester credit system and the tarekat system in the boarding school. Tarekat is the main part of the curriculum or compulsory courses that must be taken by all students. So that those who graduate from formal college also graduate from non-formal college and have carried out tarekat or spiritual journeys. Students who graduate from S1 will continue their S2 non-formally. By practicing this motto, it is hoped that the Jagad 'Alimussirry Islamic Boarding School students can get closer to Allah and achieve Allah's pleasure. Therefore, this study argues that Islamic education based on Sufism is a primary need to equip students in controlling themselves in the dynamics of life.

22 Desember 2008 pemerintah menetapkan secara resmi angkutan massal untuk menanggulangi kemacetan yaitu dengan adanya BRT Trans Semarang yang kemudian beroperasi tahun 2010. Seiring berjalannya waktu, BRT Trans Semarang tidak mampu melayani rute-rute yang berada di perkampungan yang belum terhubung dengan angkutan masal lainnya, maka dari itu pemerintah melakukan pengembangan transportasi yang saling terhubung permukiman yang tidak dapat dijangkau oleh transportasi sehingga terciptanya Angkutan Pengumpan (Feeder) BRT Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pelayanan feeder dengan metode kuantitatif. Data didapatkan dengan cara observasi lapangan dan penyebaran kuesioner. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis kinerja pelayanan angkutan umum, analisis kepuasan pengguna dengan metode CSI dan analisis prioritas peningkatan pelayanan dengan metode IPA.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pelayanan feeder berada pada kategori sedang. Sedangkan kepuasan pengguna feeder sebesar 86% dan termasuk kategori sangat puas. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu ditingkatan performanya untuk meningkatkan layanan feeder, yaitu kemudahan mendapatkan tempat duduk, inisiatif penyedia jasa, kepercayaan penumpang terhadap penyedia jasa, kenyamanan armada, keramahan pengemudi, dan ketanggapan pengemudi saat ada masalah.

This study aims to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in Class V of SDN 16 Pulau Karam, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This study is a classroom action research (PTK) with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Implemented in 2 cycles, cycle I consists of 2 meetings and cycle II consists of 1 meeting. The results of the study showed an increase in teaching modules in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, the implementation of science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and student learning outcomes in science learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This can be seen from the average observation results of the Teaching Module cycle I which was 87.4% (B) increasing in cycle II to 92.8% (SB). This is also seen in the average results of teacher activities in cycle I which were 85.9% (B) increasing in cycle II to 93.8% (SB). In student activities, the average cycle I was 84.3% (B) increasing in cycle II to 93.8%. In student learning outcomes, the average cycle 1 was 81% (B) and increased in cycle 2 to 91%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve the results of learning science in class V SDN 16 Pulau Karam, Pesisir Selatan Regency.

The family is the first and foremost environment that provides children with social and linguistic experiences. Parents and other family members serve as the child's first language model, significantly influencing their language development in the future. This literature study aims to analyze the impact of the family environment on the language skills of elementary school students. The study employs a literature review method by referencing previous research journals relevant to the topic.Through journal searches, five relevant studies were identified. The majority of these studies applied a descriptive method design with a qualitative approach, while some also incorporated ex-post facto quantitative methods. Despite variations in research findings, all studies consistently indicate that the family environment plays a crucial role in shaping children's language skills. Factors such as parental involvement, the frequency of verbal interactions at home, and the availability of reading materials contribute significantly to children's linguistic development. Additionally, supportive family environments, where parents actively engage in conversations and storytelling, positively impact children's vocabulary acquisition and reading abilities.Based on the literature review results, it can be concluded that the family environment influences children's language skills. While the findings of each study may differ, they share a common conclusion regarding the significance of family interactions in shaping children's reading and communication abilities. These findings highlight the importance of fostering a language-rich home environment to support children's linguistic growth. Future research is suggested to further explore strategies that enhance parental involvement in children's language development.