Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.

Responsibility is a key factor underlying children's attitudes, influencing their problem-solving abilities and self-confidence. This study explores the effectiveness of economic tokens in enhancing responsibility among preschool-aged children, particularly regarding the initiative to brush their teeth. Utilizing a single-case experimental design with one 4-year-old subject, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed descriptively. Results indicated a decline in responsible behavior from baseline 1 (A1) to baseline 2 (A2). However, from treatment 1 (B1) to treatment 2 (B2), there was an increase in responsible behavior. In conclusion, the economic token technique proved effective in improving the initiative to brush teeth in children.
 
 

This study aims to determine (1) The influence of principal leadership on the performance of elementary school teachers. (2) The influence of work discipline on the performance of elementary school teachers. (3) The influence of principal leadership and work discipline on the performance of elementary school teachers. This study is a quantitative study with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The hypothesis was tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study was 158 teachers in Cluster III in Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The techniques used in data collection used questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques and prerequisite tests consisting of normality tests, linearity tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests. For hypothesis testing using simple linear regression analysis, multiple linear regression, R test, t test, and F test. The results of the study indicate that (1) There is a significant positive influence of principal leadership on teacher performance in Cluster III in Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, this can be seen from the results of the t test obtained t count of 0.414 with a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 (2) There is a significant positive influence of teacher discipline on teacher performance in Cluster III in Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, this can be seen from the results of the t test obtained t count of 0.268 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. (3) There is a simultaneous/joint influence between principal leadership and teacher discipline on teacher performance in Cluster III in Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, this can be seen from the results of the simultaneous test obtained 0.005 <0.05. This means that there is a significant influence simultaneously or together between the independent variables on the dependent variable.

The purpose of this research is to learn how certain students in Medan City are influenced to buy Azarine sunscreen products by influencer marketing and brand image. More and more people, particularly students, are realizing the need of preventing sun damage to their skin, therefore sunscreen solutions have quickly become an integral part of skin care regimens. Researchers in this research used a quantitative approach by surveying people who had used Azarine products. Using SPSS software version 29, the data that was obtained was examined. The findings show that consumers are influenced by both favorable brand image and influencer marketing, which has a major impact on their purchase choices. There is a significant relationship between the dependent variable and each of the independent variables.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan jenis data sekunder. Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode 2025. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh (total sampling) yang terdiri dari 30 perusahaan per tanggal 24 Februari 2025. Metode pengumpulan data dengan mengunjungi website https://www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data menggunakan smartPLS versi 3. Data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur modal meliputi rasio utang terhadap ekuitas (Debt to Equity Ratio/DER), rasio utang terhadap aset (Debt to Asset Ratio/DAR), sedangkan untuk mengukur nilai perusahaan rasio yang digunakan adalah rasio harga pasar saham dengan nilai buku per lembar saham (Price Book Value/PBV), rasio perbandingan antara harga saham dengan laba bersih per saham (Price to Earnings Ratio/PER). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.

This study examines the selection of the optimal camera for the photography and videography service company Assad ID using a combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The rapid development of the photography industry makes choosing the right camera a crucial factor in improving the quality of service. The weighting of criteria using AHP is based on the evaluation of photography and videography experts, including technical specifications, functional features, economic aspects, comfort, and supporting services. The TOPSIS method is applied to the ranking of five alternative cameras (Sony A7 III, Canon EOS R6, Nikon Z6 II, Panasonic Lumix S5, and Fujifilm X-T4). The results of the study show that technical specifications and functionality features have the highest weight. Sony A7 III ranked first with a preference value of 0.610, followed by Canon EOS R6 (0.581), Fujifilm X-T4 (0.472), Nikon Z6 II (0.401), and Panasonic Lumix S5 (0.368). This study proves the effectiveness of the AHP-TOPSIS method in making optimal camera purchase decisions and can be a reference for similar companies in determining the investment of photography and videography equipment according to operational needs

This study examines efforts to preserve Javanese krama inggil (KI) through traditional cultural activities in Komering Putih Village, amidst the challenges of its declining use in daily communication. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, this study highlights the important role of activities such as wayang (W), campur sari (CS), and kitab kuning (KK) in maintaining the continued use of KI. The findings show that these cultural activities contribute significantly to the preservation of KI in formal and ceremonial contexts. Nonetheless, the younger generation (YG) tends to be limited in their everyday use of KI, preferring the informal ngoko (NG) variant. This research emphasizes the need for an integrated preservation strategy to bridge the use of KI in ceremonial contexts and everyday life, so that this language remains a dynamic element in Javanese cultural identity. 

Dental and oral health problems in early childhood in Indonesia are still a serious concern. This study aims to determine the effect of audiovisual media on improving the knowledge and skills of brushing teeth of early childhood in An-Nahl Kindergarten, Jambi City. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study was 40 children aged 4-5 years, taken using a total sampling technique. The research instruments included a knowledge questionnaire and an observation sheet for brushing teeth skills. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge scores from 3.03 to 7.33 and skills from 2.43 to 6.80 after being given an intervention in the form of audiovisual media. In conclusion, audiovisual media is effective in improving the knowledge and skills of brushing teeth of early childhood.

Degenerative diseases are chronic diseases that can affect a person's quality of life in the future. One example of degenerative diseases is diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hypertension is defined as one of the most dangerous health problems worldwide because hypertension is a major risk factor that can cause cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family history, type of work, and stress level on the incidence of hypertension in Kebonkalapa hamlet, Kutapohaci. The research method used a nonparametric test technique using the chi square statistical test and was processed using the IBM SPSS 25 application. The results of the analysis obtained from this study found that family history, type of work, and stress level were not associated with the incidence of hypertension in Kebonkalapa hamlet, Kutapohaci because the p-value was greater than 0.05.
 
 

Mata pelajaran fisika kelas X pada materi pengukuran merupakan materi yang sulit dan sering mengalami miskonsepsi. Miskonsepsi merupakan kesalahan konsep yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang berbeda dengan para ahli. Miskonsepsi akan berdampak tidak baik pada proses pembelajaran apabila tidak ditindaklanjuti. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada siswa serta faktor penyebab miskonsepsi pada materi pengukuran. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui bagaimana miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa pada materi pengukuran dengan menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test serta faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya miskonsepsi pada siswa kelas X SMA N 8 Semarang. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 Mei -16 Juni 2024. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu siswa-siswi kelas X Fisika dengan metode purposive sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 141 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test tipe pilihan ganda dan wawancara pada siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan siswa masih mengalami miskonsepsi sebanyak 34,45% dari jumlah sampel dan berada pada kategori sedang. Beberapa miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada sub konsep besaran dan satuan sebanyak 30,71%, sub konsep angka penting sebanyak 39,57% dan sub konsep ketidakpastian pengukuran sebanyak 33,07%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa miskonsepsi masih terjadi pada siswa SMA N 8 Semarang khususnya pada materi pengukuran kelas X.