This study is entitled "The Role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in the Settlement of Divorce Disputes in Batak Toba Customs". The main focus of this study is to analyze the role and position of Parboru (the woman's family) and Hula-Hula (the wife's family) in the divorce settlement process according to Batak Toba customs. This study also presents the dynamics of the interaction of the two elements in customary mediation, as well as how customary values ​​and norms are implemented to maintain the harmony and dignity of the extended family. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data obtained through interviews and library studies of relevant literature on Batak Toba customary law, Dalihan Na Tolu, and the role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in traditional ceremonies and the resolution of marital conflicts in Batak Toba customs. The results of the study indicate that Hula-Hula has a central position as a decision maker and mediator, while Parboru plays a role as a technical implementer, mediator, and balancer in the customary deliberation forum. The active involvement of both parties is very important to ensure that the divorce process runs according to customary norms and maintains the social harmony of the Batak Toba community. This study is expected to enrich the literature on Batak customary law and become a reference for students, the community, and customary leaders in understanding the importance of the role of kinship in resolving divorce.

Fundamentally, every individual has two basic needs that must be fulfilled, namely physical and spiritual needs. One of the physical needs that has grown significantly in the digital era is the need for convenience in conducting financial transactions. This study aims to analyze the comparison of satisfaction levels among students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati toward the four largest e-wallets in Indonesia: Dana, Ovo, ShopeePay, and Gopay. The research employed a quantitative method with a sample size of 20 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form. As consumers, students not only consider ease of use and low transaction fees, but also pay attention to service quality, security, and transaction speed. Therefore, e-wallet service providers are expected to continuously improve their service quality in order to meet users’ expectations and needs optimally.

This research is motivated by the implementation of the Full Day School system which has a significant impact on students' learning motivation. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) How is the implementation of the Full Day School system at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? (2) What is the strategy in increasing the motivation to learn history subjects for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? (3) What are the obstacles or barriers to the implementation of the Full Day School system in increasing the motivation to learn history subjects for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? The objectives of this research are (1) to find out the implementation of the Full Day School system at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, (2) to find out the strategies for increasing motivation to learn the subject of History for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, (3) to find out the obstacles or barriers to the implementation of the Full Day School system in increasing motivation to learn the subject of History for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The informants of this study include History teachers and grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut and all parties involved. The results of the study indicate that there are 2 strategies in increasing student learning motivation by History subject teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, namely Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation. The obstacles or barriers experienced include: 1) Physical fatigue, 2) Mental saturation, 3) Teacher capacity and varied learning methods.
 
 

This study explores the influence of intrapersonal communication patterns on negotiation effectiveness in business environments. Intrapersonal communication, such as self-talk and self-reflection, plays a vital role in emotional regulation and strategic decision-making during negotiations. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies to construct a solid theoretical foundation. The findings indicate that managing internal communication enhances confidence, composure, and decision-making accuracy in business negotiations.
 

This study aims to determine the influence of Ownership Structure, Capital Structure,   Good   Corporate   Governance   and   Company   Size   on   Company Financial Performance in Energy Sector companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2019-2023. The variables used in this study, the independent variable (X) consists of Ownership Structure proxied by Institutional Ownership (KI), Capital Structure proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Good Corporate Governance proxied by Independent Board of Commisioners (DKI) and Company Size by Ln (TA) and the dependent variable (Y) is Financial Permormance proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). The sample in this study was obtained using the purposive side method.Based on the criteria and data processing process that  were set, 25 companies  were determined as research samples. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results of this study state that the influence between ownership structuree, capital structutre, good corporate governance, and company size has a  simultaneous effect on the financial performance of the Energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

The purpose of this study is to examine how cost classification is used in management accounting and to what extent this information is used in the management decision-making process in manufacturing companies. Cost categories, such as fixed, variable, direct, and indirect, help managers understand the cost structure and assess operational efficiency. This study was conducted through a qualitative descriptive case study approach in one of the manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Direct observation, in-depth interviews, and internal company documentation were used to collect data. The results showed that, especially in budget planning, cost-volume-profit analysis, and selling price determination, proper cost classification plays a significant role in the decisionmaking process. However, some problems were found with the consistency of cost classification, which can affect the accuracy of management data.

The problem experienced by teachers is that teachers have limitations in conducting assessments during learning due to the lack of teacher insight in accessing creative and interactive assessment support applications by utilizing technology. The main problem in learning based on LCD projector technology in schools is the incompatibility between innovative learning methods and assessments that are still commonplace. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of interactive assessments based on quizizz. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, the research subjects are homeroom teachers and students. Data collection methods through observation, interviews, documentation of learning outcomes, recordings of the learning process, journals and books. The results of the study showed that there was an assessment of the development of elementary school children's learning. The results of the study showed a significant positive influence from the use of quizizz on increasing learning motivation and achieving minimum student competencies. The impact after the evaluation activity of using the quizizz paper mode application was carried out increased student learning motivation and student participation during the activity.
 

This research aims to examine the moral values ??contained in the lyrics of the song "For Women Who Are in a Hug" by Payung Teduh using a literary sociology approach. This song was chosen because the lyrics are full of meaning and describe the deep emotional relationship between the male and female characters. Through qualitative analysis, it was found that this song contains the values ??of affection and sincere love, emotional honesty, simplicity, gratitude, and respect for women. These values ??not only reflect healthy personal relationships, but also reflect the social conditions of modern society which is experiencing a crisis of emotional closeness due to the dominance of materialistic lifestyles. The results of this study show that song lyrics as part of popular literary works can be an effective medium in conveying moral and social messages in a subtle but profound manner.

This study aims to examine the optimization efforts made by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit in supervising and regulating the movement of people and vehicles in the airside area of ??Komodo International Airport, Labuan Bajo. The AMC unit is responsible for managing the movement of aircraft, people, and vehicles, including plotting parking stands, arranging ground handling, administering flight data, licensing airside vehicles, supervising engine run-up, apron cleanliness, and handling fuel spills. Supervision is carried out based on SOP, but in emergency situations such as aircraft skidding or unloading on the taxiway, the AMC must be able to adapt quickly to relevant safety procedures. This study uses a qualitative method with direct observation techniques, interviews with three AMC personnel, as well as SOP documentation and incident reports. The results show that the implementation of supervision and control has been running according to PM-IK standards. The focus of supervision includes aircraft movement, engine idle, GSE vehicle speed, completeness of worker PPE, and passenger arrangements to the aircraft. However, the main obstacle is the limited personnel which causes a high workload and supervision is not optimal, so that violations by service users or workers still occur and have the potential to endanger flight safety.