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This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in teaching English at SDN 101774 Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, especially related to low student interest in learning and difficulties in understanding Question Words (5W + 1H) material. This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with class teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that limited understanding, low student memory, and lack of active involvement in the learning process are the main obstacles in learning English. To overcome these difficulties, teachers apply various strategies such as peer dialogue, the use of picture dictionaries, gradual vocabulary memorization methods, and fun learning approaches through educational games. These strategies have been proven to help increase students' interest in learning and understanding of the material. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of innovation in learning methods and the active role of teachers in creating an interesting, interactive, and appropriate learning atmosphere for elementary school students.  

One of the infectious diseases that is a problem in the world is Pulmonary TB with the main symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain when coughing and breathing due to airway obstruction. If not treated, it can cause death, so it needs treatment, one of which is with effective coughing exercises. The activity begins with measuring the respiratory rate, then effective coughing exercise therapy. Education is carried out to relieve the respiratory tract by expelling sputum for Pulmonary TB sufferers and in collaboration with local village officials. The method used in this activity is counseling on effective coughing exercises from a team of nursing lecturers and nursing students during Field Learning Practices of 32 respondents. The results obtained from respondents before being given education were 32 people with a high respiratory rate> 25x / minute and after education there was a change in the normal range of 23-25x / minute as many as 26 people and 6 others with a high respiratory rate> 25x / minute. The output of the PkM that has been implemented is expected to increase the respiratory rate after effective coughing exercises are applied in the community.

Kidney failure is one of the diseases that increases every year and becomes a major health problem in the world, the occurrence of failure is a risk of heart and blood vessel disease and increases morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience of dialysis patients' families in helping to prepare food at home. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive study. The location of this study was carried out in the Hemodialysis Room of the Imelda Buruh Indonesia General Hospital, Medan . The time of this study conducted in March to July 2024. The number of participants in this study was 6 participants . Research data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants and analyzed thematically. The results of the study consisted of 3 (three) themes, namely: (1) Eating habits , (2) obstacles or challenges in preparing food, (3) family support for patients. The conclusion of this study is that all participants expressed that the eating patterns of patients with hemodialysis therapy showed normal eating patterns, but when hemodialysis was carried out, patients felt weak and their appetite decreased, but all patients still ate 3 times a day in small portions . Overall, participants provided strong support for patients, both moral support, material in efforts to provide patient food needs, reminding patients to eat regularly according to doctor's recommendations, and faithfully accompanying them during hemodialysis. Although obstacles and challenges were found from both patients and families in overall food management, they could be overcome.

This creation is based on Batik as a rich Indonesian cultural heritage, which continues to undergo significant transformation by combining traditional elements and modern fashion trends. The creation of a new batik motif inspired by the Easter lily flower, was chosen because of its symbolic meaning and natural beauty. The design of this motif consists of three elements: the main motif of the Easter lily flower, supporting motifs, and isen motifs as complementary details. This creation aims to determine the process and results of applying Easter lily motif batik cloth to a wrap Dress using the batik tulis technique. This creation uses the Alma M. Hawkins method which has 5 stages of creation, namely: preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion. The result of this creation is the creation of a wrap Dress with an Easter lily flower motif of 12 batik works. This batik tulis uses the colet technique with remasol dye. The wrap batik Dress with the Easter lily motif is expected to foster the interest of the younger generation in wearing batik tulis with colors and motifs that are tailored to their tastes.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using instructional media in enhancing the understanding of multiplication concepts in elementary schools. The research employs a library research method. The findings indicate that the use of instructional media in teaching multiplication in elementary schools is significantly more effective compared to conventional methods without media. Media such as Powtoon, PAKALILO (Papan Perkalian Kelinci Lompat), Papan BAPER (Batang Perkalian), and multiplication pockets based on the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach significantly improve students' understanding of multiplication concepts.

This article aims to determine how important Civic Education learning is in schools, one of which is in elementary schools, to form a character that cares about the environment. This study uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method where researchers search for and review various sources such as journals, books, or other sources that are in accordance with the topic to be discussed. Civic Education learning in elementary schools is a very important learning in forming a character that cares about the school environment. By integrating Civic Education learning in elementary schools, it can develop awareness to be able to form a character that cares about the environment. The results of this study are that Civic Education learning has a very important influence on the formation of a character that cares about the environment

To analyze the strategies implemented by Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) in addressing data breaches in the Industry 4.0 era by identifying contributing factors such as user awareness, security system weaknesses, and the effectiveness of mitigation policies. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods through document analysis with purposive sampling techniques of official BRI reports and relevant scholarly literature. The research findings indicate that the main causes of data breaches are low digital security awareness, weaknesses in authentication systems, and the rise of phishing attacks. BRI has responded by implementing several key strategies, including digital literacy education, the use of layered security technologies such as multi-factor authentication and AI-based transaction monitoring, as well as early detection and incident response systems. These measures have successfully prevented hundreds of thousands of unauthorized access attempts throughout 2023. The implications of this study emphasize that increasing public awareness of digital security and continuously improving technological infrastructure are crucial steps in minimizing data breach risks and enhancing public trust in digital banking services.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between elementary school students' interest in learning Indonesian and the use of digital technology. Given that technology has become an important part of the educational process, it is expected that students' motivation and interest in learning will increase in the contemporary digital era. Data for this study were collected using survey methodology and quantitative approaches. 20 randomly selected elementary school students were given questionnaires. With a p value <0.05, the results of the data analysis showed a substantial positive relationship between interest in learning Indonesian and the use of digital technology in the classroom. The study showed that students were more interested in learning Indonesian when digital technology was used optimally. It is hoped that this study will help educators and policy makers to better integrate digital technology into the classroom learning process in order to increase student engagement and academic achievement.    

The creation of batik Prada based on Toba Batak ornaments with written batik technique is motivated as a form of expression and cultural preservation. The ornaments used in the design of this Prada batik are adapted from Toba Batak ornamental motifs, namely gorga. This research aims to create and realize the results of Prada batik based on Toba Batak ornaments with written batik. The creation method used in the creation of batik works has three stages of methods, namely exploration, design, and realization. These three stages can be broken down into six steps. The creation of Prada batik works based on Toba Batak ornaments with written batik techniques, realized into 12 works with a size of 105 x 200 cm. The results of this research show that the application of Toba Batak ornaments in Prada batik creates works that have high artistic value and can preserve the art of batik. The results of the findings on the application of gold Coloring to batik Toba Batak ornaments with written batik technique, serves to give the impression of luxury and can emphasize the lines in certain motifs without changing the meaning and philosophy contained in each Toba Batak ornament.    

"Blue Ocean Leadership" is a strategic approach that aims to create a new market that is free from competitors by focusing on innovation and value creation. In the context of increasingly competitive businesses, many organizations are trapped in a "sea of red," where fierce competition leads to declining profit margins. This concept invites leaders to move to the "blue ocean," which is an unexplored market space where demand can be created rather than simply shared. Through visionary and creative leadership, leaders can encourage teams to identify new opportunities, design unique products or services, and deliver unparalleled customer experiences. Leadership in the context of Blue Ocean also involves developing an organizational culture that supports innovation, collaboration, and continuous learning. By empowering employees to think outside conventional boundaries, organizations can find solutions that not only meet customer needs but also create greater value. This approach is not only financially profitable, but it also contributes to the company's long-term sustainability in the face of market changes. Overall, Blue Ocean Leadership offers a relevant framework for leaders to design effective strategies in creating new markets that are sustainable and free from competitors.      

Indonesia is a country with a lot of diversity, both in terms of culture, natural resources and religion. In Indonesia, there are 6 official religions, namely Islam, Catholic Christianity, Protestant Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Therefore, inter-religious conflicts are prone to occur in Indonesia. Religious moderation is the key to maintaining social harmony and preventing radicalization and intolerance. This study discusses how Islamic education, through the curriculum, teaching methods and values ​​taught, can contribute to instilling an inclusive, tolerant attitude and respect for differences. Through literature review and concept analysis, this article emphasizes that Islamic education, both formal and non-formal, can be the main pillar in strengthening religious moderation in Indonesia.  

Sola fide is the main Reformed teaching that salvation is only obtained through faith alone, not through charity or good deeds. in the 16th century the practice of indulgences and the Catholic church's emphasis on good works gave rise to doubts in the faith, which later gave rise to the Reform Movement. In response, the reformers restored the principle of sola fide to protect believers in the Lord Jesus from doubts about their Faith. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of sola fide in strengthening believers' faith before reform skepticism, through a literature review of the writings of reformer figures. The results show that emphasizing God's sovereign grace, the sufficiency of faith for forgiveness of sins and assurance of salvation, and sola fide can strengthen believers' faith against attacks of skepticism. This understanding provides important insight for believers today about how to strengthen their faith in the face of increasing skepticism. Overall, this research shows the central role of the principle of sola fide in the history of Christian thought.

Bali Province is a world-renowned tourism destination that significantly contributes to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the region. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a severe economic downturn, causing negative economic growth. This study aims to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of tourist visits, local revenue (PAD), and investment on the GRDP of Bali Province. The research utilizes secondary data from nine regencies/cities in Bali over a six-year period (2018–2023). Data analysis is conducted using panel data regression with the Eviews 12 software. The results indicate that tourist visits, PAD, and investment collectively influence the GRDP of Bali Province. Partially, tourist visits and PAD have a positive and significant impact on GRDP, while investment has a negative but insignificant effect. The findings suggest that optimizing tourism potential, improving infrastructure, maximizing the potential of each region to increase local revenue, and exploring investment opportunities beyond the tourism sector—while supporting both domestic and foreign investment are essential to boosting Bali’s GRDP.

This research examines the reconstruction of Article 4 of the Corruption Crime Law regarding the return of state financial losses through a progressive legal approach. This research uses sociological normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the provision of Article 4 which states that the return of state financial losses does not eliminate punishment needs to be recon-structed to accommodate the principles of restorative justice and legal incentives for perpetrators who voluntarily return state losses. The reconstruction does not completely eliminate punishment, but provides different treatment based on the level of cooperation of the perpetrator. For corruption cases with relatively small state losses, a restorative justice approach is more appropriate considering that case handling costs are often greater than the value of losses. This research recommends reformulating Article 4 to provide op-portunities for administrative settlement within a certain timeframe before proceeding to criminal pro-ceedings.

The purpose of this research is to identify the different forms of translanguaging utilized in general English classes at a university in Karawang, while also exploring the students' attitudes toward the use of translanguaging in the English language classroom. The primary research objective is centered on the types of translanguaging employed in the general English classes at a university. Furthermore, the study aims to ascertain the students' perceptions concerning the application of translanguaging in their general English language learning. This research employs a descriptive qualitative analysis as its methodological approach. The results revealed that a teacher used code-switching to assist students in understanding complex English language concepts. Additionally, the teacher frequently applied translation patterns in general English classes. As for students' perspectives, the findings suggest that the use of translanguaging can enhance their comprehension of the English language when presented by their teacher. Ultimately, this research argues that the implementation of translanguaging strategies by educators is particularly advantageous in augmenting students' comprehension of English language skills within the classroom setting.

Clinical skills are essential competencies that serve as foundational provisions in medical education, particularly in shaping students’ readiness for professional practice. Two important psychological and behavioral attributes that influence the development of clinical skills are self-efficacy and self-directed learning readiness (SDLR). Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments, emphasizing the role of self-confidence in clinical tasks. Meanwhile, SDLR reflects a student's willingness and preparedness to take responsibility for their own learning, which is critical in the context of self-regulated and lifelong learning in medical education. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and SDLR on the clinical skill competencies of first-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University Semarang (UNIMUS). A quantitative, observational analytic study was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. The instruments used were the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). The study involved 120 first-year medical students, selected through total sampling. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and clinical skills (p = 0.005; r = 0.254), and between SDLR and clinical skills (p = 0.009; r = 0.238). Although the correlation strength was weak, the direction was positive, suggesting that higher levels of self-efficacy and SDLR are associated with better clinical skills performance. These findings highlight the importance of fostering psychological readiness and self-directed learning habits among medical students to support the development of essential clinical competencies.

The use of video media in clinical skills education has been implemented at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (UNIMUS) since 2019, particularly to enhance students’ understanding and skills in neuromotor physical examination. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based teaching compared to conventional methods in clinical skills learning. A quantitative descriptive method with univariate analysis was used on 138 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores and analyzed using a total sampling technique. The results showed that students who received video-based learning had significantly higher average OSCE scores (93.33 ± 8.918 SD in Block 1) than those who were taught without video media (68.12 ± 15.58 SD in Block 3). In Block 1, 98.6% of the students achieved the “excellent” score category, while only 26.1% of students in Block 3 reached the same level. These findings indicate that the use of teaching videos significantly improves students’ clinical skills and helps overcome the limitations of conventional methods, which tend to promote passive learning. Therefore, the implementation of video-based teaching media can be an effective method to improve the quality of clinical skills education, encourage active student participation, and support the achievement of optimal competencies in medical education. This approach not only enhances skill acquisition but also contributes to more engaging and student-centered learning experiences in the clinical education environment.

The involvement of church members in political life is a form of religious responsibility that must be rooted in Christian values. This community service activity was designed to enhance the political literacy of the GBIS Kristus Gembala Alastuwo Karanganyar congregation in preparation for the Simultaneous Regional Elections on November 27, 2024. Conducted over two sessions on November 3 and 10, 2024, the activity employed interactive discussions, lectures, and Biblical reflections that connect Christian values with political participation. Key themes included justice, honesty, servant leadership, and the rejection of money politics. The participants were also invited to reflect on the implementation of the regional elections held on December 8, 2024, as part of their learning process.The results show that the congregation's political awareness improved significantly. Members expressed a deeper understanding of the importance of electing trustworthy leaders who uphold integrity and public service. Furthermore, they demonstrated the courage to reject practices of money politics, indicating the internalization of Christian values in their civic decisions. By exploring democracy through the lens of faith, the congregation developed a more critical, wise, and responsible approach to voting. This initiative highlights the strategic role of the Church in shaping the political awareness of its members through ongoing political education grounded in Christian teachings. Continued efforts are essential to ensure that the congregation remains active in promoting moral leadership and societal transformation, beginning within the church community itself. Ultimately, churches can serve as centers for ethical political formation, equipping believers to contribute meaningfully to national development.

Utilization of fermented layer chicken excreta as a feed medium for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots is a sustainable solution for organic waste management. Chicken excreta contains 13-32% crude protein, but has disadvantages such as unbalanced nutrient composition and unpleasant odor. Fermentation of chicken excreta can improve maggot production performance by reducing pathogens, odor, and facilitating digestion. The growth medium of 50% excreta + 50% tofu dregs produced the highest PK, which was 34.34%. The lowest SK and LK were obtained from the growth medium of 50% excreta + 50% tofu dregs and 25% excreta + 75% tofu dregs. Based on physical conditions, the longest and heaviest maggot sizes were obtained from the growth medium of 50% excreta + 50% bran + 5 ml EM4. Meanwhile, the shortest maggots were obtained from the growth medium of 75% coconut dregs + 25% excreta and the lightest maggots were obtained from the growth medium of 100% excreta.

Revitalization of the environment based on greening is a strategic step in maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem. Samban Village faces environmental challenges such as reduced water catchment areas and land degradation due to deforestation and land conversion. This study aims to increase community participation in greening efforts through a tree planting program carried out by the UNDARIS KKN team. The method used involves a participatory approach by involving the community in every stage, from planning to tree maintenance. The results of the study showed that community awareness of the importance of greening increased significantly. As many as 90% of the trees planted survived, indicating the success of this program in supporting ecological restoration. In addition, the involvement of youth through Karang Taruna contributed to the sustainability of the program. The challenges faced include long-term maintenance and strengthening environmental policies. Thus, active community involvement and support from various parties are the main factors in the success of this greening program.