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In Indonesia, housing design policies are increasingly adopting a human-centered approach, recognizing that a home is deeply connected to the preferences of its occupants. These preferences are highly personal and diverse. While housing design is becoming more tailored to the characteristics of residents, few designs take into account the profession of the homeowner as a basis for classification. This research was conducted through direct field observations and interviews with homeowners. It focused on houses owned by individuals from 10 different professional fields in Indonesia. The goal was to explore how different professions influence the design and organization of living spaces. The study revealed that a homeowner's profession significantly impacts home design. Key findings include the addition of specialized rooms based on hobbies or interests, spatial arrangements that reflect the owner’s priorities, and increasing adaptability in design to account for climate change. These observations highlight the importance of considering profession-specific needs in housing design. The results suggest that the existing Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for housing and settlements need to be updated. The current standards focus primarily on minimum space requirements, but they should be expanded to include factors related to the homeowner's profession, which significantly shape the character of the design. Integrating these factors would lead to more personalized, functional, and sustainable housing designs.

Sustainability and future governance play a crucial role in shaping urban planning and settlement development in Indonesia. As the country faces rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and socio-economic inequalities, the integration of sustainable principles into governance frameworks becomes vital for achieving balanced urban growth. This paper examines the relationship between sustainability and future governance within the context of Indonesia's settlement planning, highlighting key challenges such as resource management, climate change adaptation, and the inclusion of local communities in decision-making processes. A sustainable approach to governance, combined with innovative urban planning strategies, can address issues like affordable housing, infrastructure resilience, and environmental preservation. The study emphasizes the need for participatory governance that involves multiple stakeholders, including local governments, private sectors, and civil society, to ensure a holistic and inclusive planning process. By aligning future governance models with sustainability goals, Indonesia can create livable, equitable, and resilient settlements that are capable of withstanding environmental and socio-economic challenges. The findings suggest that integrating sustainability into governance frameworks is essential for the long-term success of settlement planning, fostering environments that are not only sustainable but also adaptable to future needs.

The relationship between sustainability and future governance plays a pivotal role in the development of green architecture planning in Indonesia. As the country faces escalating environmental issues and rapid urbanization, integrating sustainable principles into architectural design and urban governance has become essential. This paper explores how future governance models can support the implementation of green architecture, focusing on energy efficiency, resource management, and environmental resilience in Indonesian cities. Key challenges such as regulatory frameworks, the inclusion of stakeholders, and the adaptation of traditional architectural practices to modern sustainable standards are examined. By fostering collaborative governance approaches, including partnerships between government, private sectors, and communities, Indonesia can create more sustainable urban environments. Additionally, green architecture, which emphasizes energy conservation, renewable resources, and ecological harmony, can contribute to the resilience of cities against climate change. This study highlights the importance of aligning architectural practices with governance policies that prioritize sustainability, ensuring that urban growth in Indonesia is both environmentally responsible and adaptive to future challenges.

. Freezing is a widely used preservation method to extend the shelf life of food, yet conventional freezing often produces large ice crystals that damage tissue structures and reduce product quality. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted freezing technology in improving the quality of frozen food. A literature review method was employed, focusing on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025. The results show that ultrasound application, particularly High-Intensity Ultrasound (HIUS), can accelerate the freezing rate by enhancing ice nucleation and improving heat transfer efficiency. The formation of smaller and more uniformly distributed ice crystals helps preserve the structural integrity of food and reduces water loss during thawing. The effectiveness of this technology varies depending on the type of food material, temperature, duration, and ultrasound intensity. In animal-based products, it helps maintain texture and color, while in plant-based materials, it preserves moisture content and firmness. However, excessively high intensity may pose a risk of protein denaturation, especially in sensitive materials such as fish. These findings suggest that ultrasound-assisted freezing is a promising innovative solution to improve both the quality and efficiency of the food freezing process.

The demand for chocolate continues to increase along with high public consumption. One of the main components in chocolate formulation is fat, which generally comes from cocoa butter. However, the availability of cocoa butter is limited and the price is relatively high, so a more economical and easily obtained substitute material is needed locally to support the sustainability of the chocolate industry. This study aims to examine the potential of palm oil fractions, especially palm stearin and olein, as a partial substitute for cocoa butter (Cocoa Butter Substitute/CBS) in chocolate formulations. The study was conducted through a literature review of scientific journals published in the last 10 years, which included chemical, physical, and sensory analysis data on palm oil-based chocolate products. The results of the study showed that stearin increased the melting point and firmness of the product, while olein produced a softer texture and a smoother melting sensation. Sensorially, olein-based formulations showed a higher level of acceptance than stearin, especially in color, aroma, taste, and texture attributes. In addition, palm oil fractions do not produce trans fats, and are able to maintain the balance of solid and liquid fats, while supporting the stability of the product emulsion. This study shows that palm oil fractions, especially through the right combination of stearin and olein, have great potential as a substitute for cocoa butter without reducing physical or sensory quality, thus supporting the sustainability of chocolate production in the future.

This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the TESMER approach on algebra material to improve the quality of mathematics learning at the junior high school level. TESMER as a development model is designed to bridge learning theory with classroom learning practices through systematic stages, namely the analysis, design, formative experiments, and retrospective reflection stages. The algebra material focused on includes algebraic forms, algebraic operations, and simple problem solving. This study uses a design research approach by involving teachers and students in the development process. The results of expert validation show that the teaching materials are included in the very valid category, with high assessments in the aspects of content integration, presentation, and language. Limited trials show that the teaching materials are practical to use by teachers and are liked by students. In addition, there was a significant increase in students' conceptual understanding and logical thinking skills after using the teaching materials. These findings recommend the TESMER approach as an effective framework in developing contextual algebra learning devices that are oriented towards meaningful learning.

This study aims to describe the process of learning mathematics on percentage material through the use of play money with the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach in class VII SMP. The PMRI approach is used to link mathematical concepts with real contexts, in this case buying and selling activities using play money. This research is a descriptive qualitative research conducted at MTs Al-Mu'aawanah Pemulutan, Ogan Ilir. The research subjects were seventh grade students. The instruments used include Learner Worksheets (LKPD), observation, and interviews. The results showed that the use of play money can help students understand the concept of percentage more concretely and contextually. Students become more active in the learning process and are able to connect the concept of percentage with everyday situations. The PMRI approach proved to be effective in increasing students' engagement and understanding of percentage material.

This study aims to design a smart home system leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) concept by utilizing the Wemos D1 microcontroller combined with fuzzy logic to improve home energy management and safety. The hardware development process involves integrating a PIR sensor for motion detection, a DHT11 sensor for measuring temperature and humidity, and actuators including relays for lighting and a solenoid lock for doors. The system is operated remotely using the Blynk platform and supports notification alerts through Telegram. Testing results confirm that the prototype is capable of controlling devices, tracking environmental data in real time, and effectively sending alerts when movement is detected. Overall, the system presents a practical, responsive, and user-friendly smart home solution that enhances user convenience and household security.

Science learning in elementary schools requires a concrete and contextual approach so that students can understand abstract concepts such as ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Food Chain Board media in improving the understanding of 5th grade students of SDN Kaliwates 2 about the concept of ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the use of this learning media can increase student involvement during the learning process, help them construct food chains independently, and strengthen their understanding of the interactions between living things in the ecosystem. This media also creates a more enjoyable and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the Food Chain Board media is effective for use in science learning for ecosystem material. 

MSMEs play an important role in economic growth, but still face challenges in branding and digital marketing. Kiringan Hamlet, as one of the traditional herbal medicine production centers, is experiencing obstacles in marketing their products due to the lack of attractive visual identity and minimal utilization of digital technology. This service program aims to assist MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet in improving their branding and competitiveness through logo and packaging redesign and website design as a digital marketing medium. The methods used include observation, interviews, solution design, and digital-based design implementation. The results of this program show that the new logo design and packaging stickers increase product attractiveness and strengthen MSME brand identity. In addition, the website design provided a digital solution to expand market reach. The evaluation showed that MSME players responded positively to this contribution and began to realize the importance of digital branding in marketing. With this program, it is expected that MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet can be more developed and able to compete in a wider market with more effective digital branding and marketing strategies.

Scratch is a block-based visual programming language that is very suitable for beginners to create animations, games, and interactive stories. This community service program (PKM) aims to introduce interactive story making to students of MTs Pembangunan Nurul Islam. Activities are carried out through training, mentoring, and direct practice with a creative and fun approach. The results of the activities show an increase in student interest and creativity in using Scratch as a medium for digital expression. Interactive stories have also proven effective in fostering digital literacy, logical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

MSMEs play an important role in economic growth, but still face challenges in branding and digital marketing. Kiringan Hamlet, as one of the traditional herbal medicine production centers, is experiencing obstacles in marketing their products due to the lack of attractive visual identity and minimal utilization of digital technology. This service program aims to assist MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet in improving their branding and competitiveness through logo and packaging redesign and website design as a digital marketing medium. The methods used include observation, interviews, solution design, and digital-based design implementation. The results of this program show that the new logo design and packaging stickers increase product attractiveness and strengthen MSME brand identity. In addition, the website design provided a digital solution to expand market reach. The evaluation showed that MSME players responded positively to this contribution and began to realize the importance of digital branding in marketing. With this program, it is expected that MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet can be more developed and able to compete in a wider market with more effective digital branding and marketing strategies.

Scratch is a block-based visual programming language that is very suitable for beginners to create animations, games, and interactive stories. This community service program (PKM) aims to introduce interactive story making to students of MTs Pembangunan Nurul Islam. Activities are carried out through training, mentoring, and direct practice with a creative and fun approach. The results of the activities show an increase in student interest and creativity in using Scratch as a medium for digital expression. Interactive stories have also proven effective in fostering digital literacy, logical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

To achieve optimal funding, an effective marketing strategy is needed for the success of the company. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix functions as an analytical tool designed to improve performance through mapping between units based on growth rates and relative market share. This research is a field study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The focus of this study is the daily products of KSP Gunung Slamet Ajibarang Branch. The data collection methods applied by the researcher consist of observation, structured interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study describe the product position and strategies that can be implemented by considering market growth and existing market share. Daily products are in the cash cow category with market growth of 6.66% and a relative market share of around 1.10. Strategies that can be implemented include increasing productivity and quality to ensure competitiveness and provide value to consumers.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of KSP Satria B Cilongok using the Malcolm Baldrige Framework for Performance Excellence. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with the cooperative’s leadership on May 4, 2025. Analysis was conducted based on seven categories within the Malcolm Baldrige Excellence Framework. Findings indicate that KSP Satria B Cilongok has implemented visionary leadership, customer-focused service, data-driven management, and effective risk and workforce management. The cooperative’s performance continues to improve, demonstrated by stable growth in members, net income (SHU), and transaction volume. Furthermore, adherence to organizational ethics and transparency has been a key factor in building member trust. This study contributes by integrating the Malcolm Baldrige principles into the management of small to medium-sized savings and loan cooperatives in Indonesia, presenting a novel application of the framework in the local context

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant challenges, particularly in managing electronic noise, which can degrade system performance and data accuracy. This study explores the integration of IoT with edge computing as a novel approach to mitigate electronic noise. By leveraging edge computing, data processing is performed locally, reducing transmission distances and enhancing real-time noise reduction. The research employs a combination of field experiments and computational simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of this integration. Key metrics such as noise reduction level, system latency, energy efficiency, and signal quality were measured before and after the implementation of noise mitigation technologies. Results indicate a significant reduction in electronic noise, with noise levels decreasing from 75 dB to 55 dB (a 26.67% reduction). System latency improved by 66.67%, dropping from 120 ms to 40 ms, while energy efficiency increased by 30%. Signal quality, measured by Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), improved by 100%, from 10 dB to 20 dB. These findings demonstrate that the integration of IoT and edge computing effectively mitigates electronic noise, enhances system performance, and optimizes energy consumption. The study concludes with recommendations for further optimization of signal processing algorithms and testing in more complex industrial environments.

An effective capital structure has an essential role in maintaining a company's stability and competitiveness amid dynamic changes in the business environment. This study aims to provide empirical findings on the influence of profitability, asset structure, liquidity, and business risk on the capital structure of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2019–2023. 30 companies were selected through purposive sampling method with a total of 150 observations. Data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The result shows that profitability has no influence on the capital structure of the banking companies. Asset structure, liquidity, and business risk have a negative influence on the capital structure of the banking companies.  The results of this study provide a theoretical contribution to the pecking order theory and trade-off theory related to the influence of profitability, asset structure, liquidity, and business risk on the capital structure of banking companies.

The low interest in reading of students in elementary school is a serious problem that has a direct impact on the quality of learning, especially in Indonesian subjects. This article aims to identify and analyze various factors that affect student’s low interest in reading through a literature review approach. The results of the analysis showed that these factors included limited literacy facilities, lack of active role of teachers and parental support, negative influence of digital technology, less attractive teaching methods, and low motivation and reading habits of students. The impact of low interest in reading includes difficulty understanding reading, weak vocabulary mastery, and low learning achievement. This article also reviews various strategies that teachers can do to increase student’s reading interest, such as reading habits, the use of storytelling methods, reading corners, the use of technology, as well as thematic approaches and creative literacy programs. Cooperation between schools, families, and communities is needed to create a literacy ecosystem that supports the growth of reading interest from an early age.    

This research is a quantitative descriptive study with lifestyle and reference groups as independent variables and purchasing decisions as dependent variables. The data collection method used is a questionnaire with a purposive sampling technique to 100 respondents aged 20-37 in Malang who use MS Glow products. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The multiple linear regression results show the equation of Y=19.639 + 0.718 X1 + 0. 94 X2 + e. The results of the t-test show that both lifestyle and reference group have a partial effect on purchasing decisions. And has a standard beta coefficient of 0.640 for lifestyle and  0,204 for reference group. The results of the F test show that lifestyle and reference groups have a simultaneous effect on purchasing decisions. The value of a Adjusted R Square (R²) is 0.633. The influence of lifestyle and reference groups on purchasing decisions of MS Glow products is 63.3%, while 36.7% is influenced by other factors not discussed in this study. Based on the research, it can be concluded that lifestyle and reference groups affect purchasing decisions of MS Glow products in Malang City. It is hoped that MS Glow can reach a wider community environment so that it can be accepted by all groups such as parents, not only teenagers to fulfill consumer lifestyles Besides, it is also hoped that MS Glow maintains the influence of reference groups to attract consumers to buy MS Glow products in Malang.

Mother is a leader in a family who is tasked with managing the nutritional needs of toddlers. Knowledge about the nutritional needs of toddlers and stunting among PKK mothers in Papahan Village, Tasikmadu is still limited, because many of them come from underprivileged families and have low educational backgrounds so that basic knowledge from the family is not optimal (less attention). This community service activity aims to provide understanding to PKK mothers to know the nutritional needs of toddlers and provide counseling to PKK mothers about stunting. The counseling method is carried out using the lecture method and explanations about the nutritional needs of toddlers and prevention of stunting with posters and power points. The results of this community service activity are that PKK mothers understand the nutritional needs of toddlers and the prevention of stunting. The conclusion of this community service activity is that PKK mothers can know the nutritional needs of toddlers and the prevention of stunting.