English is an international language used by many people in various countries. The ability to use English well can open up international standard educational and employment opportunities, because all companies need employees with a certain level of English skills to reach top positions. Currently there is a phenomenon of people who like to mix Indonesian and English in everyday conversations. This happens because it is influenced by the environment, society, education and trends. People who usually speak one language and then switch to another language, either at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of their speech, are called Bilingual. This research aims to identify the most common types of code switching used by Cinta Laura when creating YouTube content with Sandiaga Uno in the Ruang Sandi Podcast on YouTube. This research uses observation techniques, especially non-participatory, and data collection is carried out by watching one of the contents of the Ruang Sandi Podcast in collaboration with Cinta Laura and only focusing on what she said. The research results show that there are 2 speech data from Tag Code Switching, 10 speech data from Intrasentential Code Switching and 8 speech data from Intersentential Code Switching. The resulting percentage is 10% Tag Code Exchange data, 50% Intrasentential Code Exchange data and 40% Intersentential Code Exchange data.

Literary works are works created with artistic or aesthetic purposes using language as a medium to convey ideas, stories and emotions. In cerkak, the use of synonyms can be an important part of the richness of the language used by the author. Synonymy can be in the form of words with words, words with phrases, phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.  This research aims to find out the lexical aspects of synonymy in the New York-Singapore-Jakarta cerkak by Pirngadi published in Panjebar Semangat magazine No. 35, September 2, 2023. The main data in this research is written data, in the form of sentences or speech or dialog in which there is synonymy and its context. The data source is Pirngadi's Newyork-Singapore-Jakarta cerkak published in Panjebar Semangat magazine No. 35, September 2, 2023. The method used is the listening method with the basic techniques of reading and recording techniques and using the agih method to analyze the data. The results obtained in this study are lexical aspects of synonymy totaling ten (10) in the form of words, words-phrases, phrases-words, and phrases-phrases.  The use of synonymy is intended so that readers do not get bored reading the same word or phrase repeatedly. The use of synonymy is intended so that readers do not get bored reading the same words or phrases repeatedly.

Crime or criminal acts, apart from being a humanitarian problem, are also social problems, they are even stated to be the oldest social problem . When carrying out crime prevention efforts, it must be seen in the context of overall social policy, the aim of which is to provide community protection and achieve community welfare. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the relationship between criminal policy and social policy. This research was conducted descriptively analytically. Criminal policy is one of the fields of modern criminal law ( modern criminal sciences ) which consists of several components, namely criminology, criminal law, science and at the same time art . . Criminal policy as an effort to overcome crime has the main objective of protecting and creating community welfare. Achieving a level of social welfare and social protection is a national goal in implementing social policy .

Literacy is an individual's ability to understand, use and analyze information through various forms of language. Literacy includes understanding reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as the ability to process information critically and creatively. Through training in making media, comics and sketchbooks. Training activities are carried out in three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. Where training activities were carried out twice at the Sidomulyo Kulon Progo Literacy House. This training activity supports increasing children's interest in literacy at the Literacy House. Apart from that, the activities and making of wall media, comics and scratchbook can increase children's creativity.

One of the gambling cases that was decided through the Medan District Court was the fish shooting gambling case, decision number 2452/Pid.B/2021/PN Mdn.Currently, many fish shooting games are found as gambling games in the community. The consequences of shooting fish gambling bring things that are not good financially and disrupt people's mindsets. The formulation of the problem that is made is How are the Sanctions in the Crime of Gambling Fish Shooting Game in the Medan District Court?, How is the Review of Criminal Law Against the Crime of Gambling Fish Shooting Game? This research uses normative research methods in the form of primary and secondary data sources which are then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques with a deductive mindset. The results of the research are first, the decision of the District Court number 2452/Pid.B/2021/PN Mdn regarding the crime of gambling fish shooting agility games based on Article 303 Bis paragraph (1) 1 of the Criminal Code, which is to impose a prison sentence of 1 (one) year. ) year. Followed by the testimony of witnesses, defendants, evidence and considering things that are aggravating and mitigating for the defendant when determining the sentence of criminal sanctions.
 
 

This research examines the translation of instructions for using skin care products from English into Indonesian, focusing on translation shifts as defined by Catford (1965). These shifts include level shifts and category shifts (structure, class, unit and intra-system shifts). This research analyzes how these shifts occur and adapt to the Indonesian linguistic and cultural context. Data from brands including Wardah, Avoskin, and Garnier were collected and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The findings highlight common shifts, like structural changes due to syntactic differences and word class shifts to maintain meaning. Understanding these shifts can improve translation strategies, ensuring that bilingual packaging is clear, accurate, and culturally appropriate, thus increasing consumer understanding and satisfaction.

Alkaline water is known to have health benefits due to its higher pH than ordinary water. In this study, the production of alkaline water from rainwater using electrolysis method was optimized, with variations in voltage and time to evaluate its effect on pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The experiment involved three voltage levels (12 Volt, 24 Volt, and 36 Volt) and three time intervals (10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). The results showed that increasing the voltage and electrolysis time contributed significantly to the increase in water pH, which reached the highest value at 36 Volt for 30 minutes. However, increasing the voltage and time also increased the TDS value linearly, which can affect the water quality if it exceeds a certain limit. This study concludes that the optimal voltage for producing alkaline water with suitable pH and TDS is 24 Volt with an electrolysis time of 20 minutes. Thus, this method offers an efficient and simple solution to produce alkaline water from rainwater, which could potentially benefit public health in areas with limited access to high-quality drinking water.

This study discusses the impact of coffee culture modernity on local economic development in Jember district, East Java. Coffee culture has become an important part of the lives of the people of Jember, but modernity has changed the way people enjoy coffee and has had a significant impact on the local economy. The existence of modernity has made a shift in people in Jember who initially drank coffee at coffee shops, now they prefer to drink coffee in modern cafes that are more prestigious. This can of course threaten the existence of simple coffee shops, because the capital they have is not large, making it difficult for them to keep up with the development of modern society that continues to develop all the time. In this study, we use the concept of the juggernaut modernity theory by Anthony Giddens, where in his theory it is explained that modern life is an uncontrollable world, where there is always a process of change that occurs on a large scale and with a deeper scope. This study uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach. The results of the study show that modernity has quite an impact on the economy of the local community, such as the increase in employment due to the number of modern cafes to the emergence of the threat of alienation received by simple coffee shops.

Children are part of the young generation who are the successors of the ideals of the nation's struggle and human resources for national development. Currently, violations of the law or criminal acts are not only committed by adults, but criminal acts committed by children are increasingly common. Every child who violates legal rules or commits a criminal act will be subject to sanctions in the form of criminal sanctions. Every child who is 14 (fourteen years old) but not yet 18 (eighteen years old) who is undergoing guidance at a Special Children's Development Institution is called a Foster Child. Every child who has undergone guidance in the LPKA has the right to obtain their rights, especially to obtain conditional release. According to Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 16 of 2023, conditional release can be granted to children who are serving a prison sentence at LPKA but who have met the requirements. The granting of Parole stages is carried out by the Correctional Center through Community Counselors. Community Counselors play an important role in implementing recommendations for the Parole program, including starting from the initial stages of proposing Parole, making Community Research (Litmas), carrying out guidance to ending guidance at the Correctional Center.    

The hotel industry is currently facing a digital transformation driven by technological advancements and changing consumer behavior. This research aims to explore how digital transformation in hotel management can optimize the guest experience in the industry 4.0 era. The research methodology primarily relies on a comprehensive literature review and analysis of industry documents to provide a robust and broad foundation for this study. The findings indicate that integrating technologies such as property management systems (PMS), Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics can enhance operational efficiency, service personalization, and data-driven decision-making in hotel management. However, the implementation of digital transformation also faces challenges, such as significant investments, cybersecurity, and resistance to change. Case studies of hotels that have successfully adopted digital technologies reveal best practices and valuable lessons, including the importance of top management support, strategic alignment, and stakeholder engagement. This article contributes to the literature by integrating the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the technology acceptance model (TAM) to develop a conceptual framework that explains the adoption and success of digital transformation in hotels. The research findings have practical implications for hotel managers in designing and implementing digital transformation initiatives. Although this research primarily relies on secondary data sources, future research can adopt a multi-method research design incorporating primary data to provide further insights into this phenomenon.