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This study aims to evaluate the effect of different settling times on the quality of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) produced without heating (cold process), by comparing two time variations: 3 hours and ±18 hours (variation 1) and 4 hours and ±24 hours (variation 2), through organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste), acid value, and pH analysis. The results showed that VCO from variation 2 had better quality, with a clear color, a fresh coconut-like aroma, a pleasant taste, an acid value of 1.707 mg KOH/g, and a pH of 6.4–6.5, all of which met the quality standards of SNI 7381-2008. In contrast, variation 1 showed imperfections in oil separation due to shorter settling time, which triggered oxidation and fat hydrolysis. Thus, optimal settling time in the cold process method is a key factor in producing high-quality VCO that is free from rancid odor.

Language ability is a cornerstone in early childhood development, influencing almost every aspect of life, from social interaction to cognitive skills. A rich vocabulary, the ability to understand instructions, and clear self-expression are important indicators of successful language development. Language plays a very important role in helping children build relationships with others. The process of language acquisition is not something that happens naturally without stimulus, but is highly influenced by the environment where a child grows and develops. The two main environments that play a crucial role in shaping a child's language skills are the family and the school environment.

Early childhood children have a very high curiosity about the world around them. The most effective learning process for them is through direct experience and interaction with the environment. Unfortunately, language learning activities in kindergartens (TK) are often limited to indoor activities, such as reading books or playing word cards. In fact, nature and the environment around the school offer unlimited resources to stimulate children's language development holistically. This research provides an innovative approach to language learning, namely by utilizing natural media in the school environment5. The main goal is to test the effectiveness of nature exploration activities in enriching vocabulary, improving descriptive skills, and encouraging verbal expression in early childhood.

Language development in early childhood is a fundamental aspect in shaping children's cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. However, in today's digital era, excessive use of gadgets has become a common habit in parenting patterns, which has the potential to inhibit children's speech development. This article aims to examine the impact of gadget use on speech delays in early childhood using a literature review approach to the literature from 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate that passive interaction through gadgets, without adequate verbal guidance and stimulation, can reduce the frequency of dialogue and children's social involvement. This condition increases the risk of speech delay, expressive communication disorders, and vocabulary limitations. In addition, factors such as permissive parenting, technoference, and lack of direct verbal activity are significant contributors to obstacles to language development. Therefore, an active role is needed for parents in limiting screen time, assisting with the use of digital media, and creating an environment rich in verbal interaction. Public education and early detection are also important solutions to prevent and treat speech delays from an early age.

This study aims to systematically examine the effectiveness of the implementation of Physics e-modules based on local wisdom on students’ critical thinking skills. The focus of The study is directed at the integration of local cultural values, especially through the context of making lapek sarikayo, as part of contextual and meaningful physics learning. The method used is Sstematic Literature Review (SLR), which is carried out through the Identification, selection, and analysis of 20 national scientific articles published in the last Five years. The analyzed articles were selected based on relevance to the topic of physics e-Modules, ethnoscience approaches or local wisdom, and measurement of critical thinking Skills. The results of the study show that e-modules that contain elements of local culture are able to increase student involvement,strengthen understanding of physics concepts, and significantly encourage critical thinking skills. A contextual approach through local culture is proven to provide a learning experience that is closer to the reality of learners. These findings have an important impact on the development of innovative teaching. Materials that are relevant to local cultural characteristics, as well as being a strategic reference in designing holistic and transformative 21st-century physics learning.

This research was conducted to assess the antimicrobial activity of Dettol, Betadine, and Harpic against the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion technique. The method involved placing sterile paper disks soaked with each test agent onto agar media previously inoculated with S. aureus. Observations revealed that Harpic formed the widest inhibition zone, measuring 15 mm, followed by Dettol with a 12 mm zone, and Betadine with the smallest at 8 mm. Meanwhile, the control disk exhibited no inhibitory effect (0 mm). These results suggest that Harpic has the highest antimicrobial potential among the three products tested in suppressing Staphylococcus aureus growth.

Shrimp petis is a traditional Indonesian fermented product that is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas spp. Preservation is generally carried out with chemical antibiotics, but their use can cause side effects and microbial resistance. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) as a natural antibiotic against bacteria in shrimp petis. Ginger extract is known to contain active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol which have antibacterial activity. Through literature studies and disc diffusion method analysis, it was found that ginger extract was able to produce an inhibition zone of 12–22 mm against test bacteria. These results indicate that ginger extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and has the potential to be used as a natural preservative. In addition, a combination of biological, chemical, and natural preservation approaches is recommended to maintain the quality and safety of shrimp petis. The use of ginger extract is in line with the trend of healthy and environmentally friendly food.

This study aims to examine the effect of the use of Islamic children's songs on vocabulary mastery in early childhood. Vocabulary is a key element in children's language development, which greatly determines children's success in communicating and understanding their surroundings. Songs as a form of audio-visual media have proven effective in increasing children's language absorption because they are repetitive, rhythmic, and fun. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, data obtained through direct observation, teacher interviews, and documentation of the learning process. The results showed that Islamic children's songs significantly improved children's vocabulary mastery both in religious and general vocabulary contexts. Islamic songs strengthen children's memory of new words and enrich their verbal abilities in the context of learning and social interaction.

The integration of Civic Education (PKn) values ​​in modern society has become an urgent need Early childhood reading literacy is an important foundation in developing children's academic, cognitive, and social abilities. Although awareness of the importance of literacy has increased, practice in the field shows that many early childhood children still do not have adequate reading interest and skills. Various challenges such as limited access to books, low parental involvement, dependence on digital technology, and lack of teacher training are obstacles to improving early childhood literacy. Therefore, strategic and collaborative solutions are needed that involve families, schools, and communities in creating a child-friendly literate environment. This paper aims to comprehensively explore the existing challenges and present solutions that can be practically applied in supporting the improvement of early childhood reading literacy.

White glutinous rice fermentation (tape ketan putih) is a traditional food product containing various microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria that may act as contaminants and reduce product quality. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol, known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ginger extract against microorganisms isolated from white fermented glutinous rice. Methods: Ginger extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol as a solvent and tested by disk diffusion method on Nutrient Agar against isolated microorganisms. Results: An inhibition zone was observed around the ginger extract disk, indicating moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract shows potential as a natural antibacterial agent against Gram-positive bacteria in tape ketan putih and may be developed as a natural preservative for fermented products.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the study of Chili Pepper Farming and Farmer Income in Dawi-Dawi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. The sampling method used in this study was the census method. The census method is a method that takes one population group as a sample as a whole and uses a structured questionnaire as the main data collection tool to obtain specific information, where the respondents are all farmers who have been sampled in this study. so that the number of samples in this study was 10 people. To solve the research problem, namely by using a qualitative descriptive method. The agribusiness system of Chili Pepper farming production in Dawi-Dawi Village, Wonggeduku District consists of upstream to downstream subsystems. The upstream subsystem is the procurement of production facilities such as seeds, fertilizers, medicines, while the tools used are simple and modern tools, namely machetes, hoes, machetes, sprayers, sickles and chopping machines, all production facilities and tools are purchased at farmer shops and agricultural equipment stores. On-farm substem/cayenne pepper cultivation in Dawi-Dawi Village starts from land preparation, planting, fertilizing, weeding/replanting, pest control and harvesting. While the downstream/marketing subsystem, cayenne pepper farmers sell their production directly to middlemen at a price of Rp 55,000 per kilogram.

To analyze the role of farmer groups in increasing the production of paddy farming in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this study was 19 people. Taken 10-15% or 20-25% or more of the population. The Farmer Group Role Assessment Score was measured using a Likert scale. Each criterion has a range as a limit, the respondent's answers to each variable can be classified, namely (1) High Category, (2) Medium Category, (1) Low Category. The role of the paddy farming group in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, obtained the results of the role of the farmer group "High" with an average of 2.60. The scores of the three indicators, namely the learning class with a score of 486 with an average of 2.56 high category, cooperation facilities with a score of 496 with an average of 2.61 high category and production units with a score of 502 with an average of 2.64 high category. The role of farmer groups is related to the income of rice farmers in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency. The results of the Chi-Square calculation above show that the calculated X2 value is 4.337, which is greater than the X2 table of 3.841 (4.33> 3.841). Because the calculated X2 is greater than the X2 table, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the role of farmer groups in increasing the income of rice farming businesses in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency.

This study aims to examine the implementation of post-mining environmental rehabilitation programs carried out by PT Bukit Asam Tbk in the Tanjung Enim mining area, South Sumatra. Coal mining activities have significant ecological impacts, especially on vegetation damage, soil erosion, and habitat degradation. In this context, rehabilitation efforts are a crucial step to restore the ecosystem and ensure environmental sustainability. The method used in this study is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach to official company documents, environmental reports, and relevant academic references. The results of the study indicate that PT Bukit Asam has implemented various rehabilitation strategies, including revegetation, wastewater management, and community empowerment through agroforestry programs. The success of this program is reflected in the increased vegetation cover, land stability, and biodiversity indicators in the reclamation area. However, challenges such as natural factors and limited supervision still need to be addressed. In conclusion, the rehabilitation practices carried out by this company can be used as a model for sustainable post-mining management in Indonesia. This study recommends the need for multi-sector collaboration and increased transparency and monitoring technology to support long-term effectiveness.

The problem of decision making for admitting new students at SMK Fajar Bogor is that they still use Microsoft Excel so they experience several obstacles and a lack of systematicity in decision making regarding new students at SMK Fajar Bogor.  This research aims to design an application to make the processing of prospective new students' grades easier and to design a more systematic decision-making application regarding the admission of new students to SMK Fajar Bogor. This research identifies the criteria for diploma grades, test scores, psychological test scores and zoning. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method was used to design, develop and test a decision support system at the SMK Fajar Bogor school. This system is designed using the PHP programming language and MYSQL database. The results of the research are that the process of processing the grades of prospective new students becomes easier, decision making regarding the acceptance of new students at SMK Fajar Bogor becomes more systematic.

This study aims to review the literature on the effects of using ChatGPT on postgraduate students' competencies. The method applied in this study is a literature review of 420 journals from 500 journals. References were obtained from the Emerald Journal, Elsevier and Google Scholar by utilizing the Publish or Perish application. Data processing uses the VOSviewer application. With this literature review, it was found that.In the network visualization data, it was found that the widest link in the largest Red cluster was GPT, Chat GPT, Ability, Artificial Intelligent, Student, Chat, Higher education which was related to Postgraduate-student. In the overlay visualization based on the year, it was found that the projection of the year of collection at the time of the study. It can be seen from the darkest keywords, namely ability, student, skill, which have a longer research projection. Meanwhile, the research projections included in the latest research are with the keywords conversation, generative ai, education, and research. The results of Density Visualization show that the keywords ChatGPT, Ability, Higher Education, and Skill are included in the most frequently conducted research results. Meanwhile, the keywords generative AI, research, challenge, opportunity, conversation, artificial intelligent are included in the least conducted research. This shows that there is a significant relationship between the keywords mentioned.The recommendations given include strengthening the policies implemented in each university in each country for the use of AI as a medium for information and data processing. In addition, training on plagiarism in the preparation of various research journals and final assignments for postgraduate students needs to be intensified. The results of this study are expected to provide insight and breadth to related agencies that these opportunities can be further developed in Indonesia.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the Indonesian economy, including in the traditional culinary sector such as the home-based Kue Cincin Sofwan business. However, in its operations, inefficient division of worker tasks is often found, resulting in wasteful costs. This study aims to apply the Hungarian Method in determining optimal worker assignments in order to minimize operational costs. The study was conducted through a case study approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques on four workers and four main types of work: kneading, molding, frying, and distributing cakes. Working time data was converted into costs, then analyzed using the Hungarian Method through row and column reduction steps and zero-based assignments in the matrix. . The results showed a 25% decrease in operational costs compared to the previous assignment system. The results of the analysis showed that optimal worker allocation resulted in assignments with lower total costs than the previous unstructured method. Thus, the application of the Hungarian Method has proven effective in helping MSMEs, especially home businesses, improve operational efficiency and cost savings. This study is expected to be a reference for similar business actors in managing human resources more efficiently and scientifically.

Time management is a key non-cognitive competency that supports students’ learning autonomy and academic achievement in competitive higher education settings. This study aimed to examine the influence of time management behavior on academic performance. Using a quantitative correlational design, the research involved 50 second-semester students from the Faculty of Economics at Universitas Nasional Pasim Bandung. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicated a positive and significant influence, as shown by the regression equation Y = 10.742 + 0.844X and a coefficient of determination R² = 0.505. These findings underscore the role of time management as a robust predictor of academic success, highlighting the need for universities to incorporate structured time management training into student soft skills development programs.

This study aims to analyze the influence of halal labels and brand trust on purchasing decisions for Wardah face masks through purchasing interest in Semarang City Students. The research method used is quantitative with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 384 respondents who use Wardah face masks among Semarang City students. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that halal labels do not have a significant effect on purchasing interest and purchasing decisions, brand trust has a significant effect on purchasing interest and purchasing decisions, in addition, purchasing interest is proven to be significant as an intervening variable for brand trust on purchasing decisions, and purchasing interest does not have a significant effect as an intervening variable for halal labels on purchasing decisions. These findings indicate that trust in a trusted product can increase purchasing interest and ultimately drive purchasing decisions. This study provides implications for companies to build brand trust in order to increase purchasing interest and consumer purchasing decisions, especially among students. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research that discusses consumer behavior in the halal cosmetics industry.

This paper is to determine the Role of PBM Wahana Intradermaga Niaga in the Dry Bulk Unloading Process at PT. Pelabuhan Belawan. Unloading activities are activities to unload goods from the ship's hold to the dock in the ship's hull or vice versa (stevedoring), activities to move goods from the dock using a conveyor to the warehouse/stacking yard or vice versa (cargodoring) and activities to pick up goods from the warehouse/yard carried onto a truck or vice versa (receiving/delivery). A dry bulk carrier is a ship specifically designed to be able to transport various dry bulk loads. In the distribution of dry bulk cargo there is an unloading process. Unloading aims to lower and raise goods from the ship to the port or vice versa. And in supporting this goal requires unloading equipment. The unloading equipment in question comes from the port. In carrying out the unloading process, MV. S Grace has obstacles in carrying out unloading. So that the purpose of unloading is not achieved optimally. Therefore, an analysis is needed to determine the factors that inhibit the productivity of dry bulk unloading so that unloading activities can run optimally. From the results of reading and observing this paper, the author states that the implementation of unloading has inhibiting factors, namely external factors. Crane breakdown and bad weather are inhibiting factors in the dry bulk unloading process. Based on these factors, it has an impact on unloading delays that are not according to schedule and increase ship queues. Therefore, the author suggests that port operators or ship crews carry out routine maintenance on the equipment used for loading and unloading so that dry bulk loading and unloading can run optimally. This paper uses the field research method and the library research method (data collection from the library).  

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an indicator bacteria that is often used to assess the level of microbial contamination in food and plants. This study aims to isolate and identify the presence of E. coli from Coleus amboinicus plants which are known to have antibacterial activity. Fresh leaf samples of C. amboinicus were taken from the home yard environment. Isolation was carried out using the serial dilution method and planting on eosin methylene blue (EMB) placement media. Identification was carried out based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including IMViC (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate). The results showed the presence of metallic green colonies on EMB, which showed the characteristics of E. coli. Biochemical tests showed Indole (+), Methyl Red (+), Voges-Proskauer (-), and Citrate (-), which confirmed the isolate as E. coli. The presence of E. coli in C. amboinicus indicates the possibility of environmental fecal contamination, and is a concern in the processing and consumption of this medicinal plant.