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Toxic leadership in church contexts is not merely an organizational problem; it can become a psychospiritual wound when pastoral authority is used to shame, silence, manipulate, or control congregants in the name of God. This article examines pastoral counseling for congregants who experience inner wounds caused by toxic leadership in the church. The study addresses a gap in previous research: leadership studies have clarified the concepts of abusive supervision and destructive leadership. In contrast, religious trauma research has described spiritual abuse, yet fewer works have developed a constructive pastoral counseling synthesis that integrates both fields. Using a conceptual and integrative literature review design, this article draws on peer-reviewed studies on toxic leadership, spiritual abuse, institutional betrayal, moral injury, trauma-informed care, and spiritually integrated psychotherapy. The synthesis proposes that pastoral counseling in this context must be trauma-informed, spiritually competent, ecclesially accountable, and clinically humble. Three findings are advanced: toxic church leadership wounds identity, agency, and God-image; pastoral counseling must begin with safety, validation, narrative reconstruction, and protection of conscience; and recovery requires individual care and institutional repair through accountability, referral pathways, and anti-retaliatory church culture. The article concludes that pastoral counseling is most constructive when it becomes a ministry of truth-telling, non-coercive accompaniment, and communal restoration rather than a tool for preserving abusive systems.

This article aims to explain why ‘religious moderation’ is essential in preventing intolerance and extremism in Indonesia. This study employs a library research method, including books, journals, encyclopaedias, and dictionaries. The findings of this study indicate that ‘religious moderation’ has the potential to keep religious values relevant and meaningful over time. In conclusion, an important and aligned religious vision and mission can create beauty, peace, brotherhood, and unity in social diversity through ‘religious moderation’. Therefore, there is an urgent need to encourage ‘religious moderation’, namely: religion must be understood and applied to free humans from extreme attitudes and actions that can damage humanity. In this view, religion should not be used as a tool to justify destructive actions. Instead, religion should be a source of creative inspiration that can improve the quality of human life everywhere.

Indonesia is a unitary state with a lot of diversity, including various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Because it has so many differences, it is important for this nation to practice moderation in religion in order to prevent divisions that can damage the unity of the country. This research is educational and empirical. From the educational aspect, the focus is on the social aspect of religion in a multicultural society by emphasising the values of moderation. Meanwhile, from the empirical side, researchers will analyse the behaviour and actions of society in the practice of religious moderation. A country that is rich in diversity like Indonesia today often faces the issue of radicalism. Various groups that claim to represent certain interests are growing and openly spreading their ideologies. Therefore, religious moderation is an important element to encourage mutual understanding and respect for differences. It is hoped that this can be realised in harmony between religious communities in the midst of community life. The main objective of this study is to explore how to implement religious moderation as a strategic step to create a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia in the future. The approach used in this study is a literature review, with a descriptive analysis style, namely examining documents and the implementation of religious moderation programmes in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the government faces various challenges in implementing religious moderation, such as rejection from conservative groups and lack of support from educational institutions. The conclusion of this study is that religious moderation is a key factor in building a harmonious and inclusive Indonesia. This can be achieved by increasing collaboration between the government, religious leaders, and the community in promoting the values of moderation. Thus, religious moderation can be a strong foundation for ensuring peace and social stability in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how religious education influences the development of a person's character in their early adult years. A person's identity, moral independence, and life values are formed during the crucial developmental stage of early adulthood, which has a big influence on their future. This study examines the role that Christian Religious Education plays in promoting character development that embodies Christian values like love, honesty, responsibility, and integrity using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review. According to the findings, Christian Religious Education is crucial for raising people's moral consciousness, establishing spiritual principles, and assisting them in overcoming social obstacles. Christian Religious Education helps people develop a Christ-centered identity, improves their capacity for responsible decision-making, and promotes engagement in worthwhile social activities by teaching them God's Word. This study does, however, also point out a number of issues that could compromise the efficacy of character education, including the impact of digital media and social settings. According to the study's findings, Christian religious education plays a vital role in forming morally pure and motivated young adults. To foster an atmosphere that encourages character development, families, educational institutions, and society must work together. It is anticipated that the results will offer useful insights for creating more pertinent and successful Christian Religious Education initiatives.

Negative ambition, thirst for power, which gives birth to fraud in constitutional politics, greed will tend to give birth to authoritarian government, which also facilitates uncontrolled corrupt behavior in all levels of the government system, the result is that corruption becomes a system that is difficult to judge effectively. right in front of the judiciary. The state's ideals which are the legal basis in the Proclamation are only historical, the State's goals as stated in Paragraph IV appear to be subject to multiple interpretations with negative ambitions and a monopoly in the control of natural resources by certain groups. The Constitutional Court has become a bone of contention. because it is considered the last bull of the constitution. The various systems and regulations as the basic foundation in the 1945 Constitution are the reason that it is no longer appropriate to the situation and must be repeatedly amended. The recruitment of State Rulers through the ELECTION system once every five years continues to be changed in a direction that is increasingly widening and even eliminating the true meaning of the goals of a State which is based on the Blessing of God. Almighty. Our constitutional history, which is quite long since the birth of the 1945 Constitution, will continue to be corrected for reasons of adjusting interests. In fact, the state is a tool to achieve the goals of the nation that agreed to form the state with the aim of protecting and ensuring the welfare of the people of that nation. The principles and foundations of the State have been established as the foundation in a state order, but our constitutional problems can only be resolved by changing the law and very minimally changing the concept of human thinking in that Pancasila has become the philosophy and goal of national life. The next question will be whether the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution will continue. carried out to adjust the circumstances of the desires or interests of the State authorities. Conflicts of interest in our state structure must return to the order of religious values ​​in religion which in Islamic psychology is known as Maqashidus syari'ah jurisprudence.

Philosophy plays a vital role in nurturing religious education by encouraging critical thinking and ethical inquiry. This study explores the dialogical relationship between philosophy and religion in an educational context, emphasizing how philosophical frameworks can help students engage with complex theological questions. The paper also highlights the benefits of integrating philosophical discussions into religious curricula to enhance moral reasoning and intercultural dialogue.

This article explores the role of religious education in shaping students' moral development through a comparative analysis of different educational systems. By examining the curricula and pedagogical approaches in various cultural and religious contexts, the study identifies commonalities and differences in how moral values are taught. The findings highlight the importance of integrating universal ethical principles alongside religious teachings to nurture well-rounded individuals. 

Interreligious dialogue is a vital component of religious education, especially in regions marked by cultural and religious diversity. This paper examines the role of interfaith initiatives in secondary education, highlighting their impact on reducing prejudice and fostering peace. Case studies from schools in diverse contexts illustrate how dialoguebased curricula can create a more inclusive and harmonious learning environment. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators.

With the rise of digital media, religious education faces new challenges and opportunities. This article investigates the integration of digital tools in teaching religious studies, focusing on their potential to make learning more engaging and accessible. The study analyzes both the benefits, such as interactivity and inclusivity, and the risks, including misinformation and digital distractions. Practical recommendations are provided for educators to effectively leverage digital platforms while maintaining the integrity of religious teachings.  

Multifaith education has become an essential tool for promoting mutual understanding and coexistence in today’s increasingly pluralistic societies. This article examines the impact of multifaith education programs on fostering tolerance and empathy among students of diverse religious backgrounds. It explores case studies from different countries and provides practical strategies for educators to incorporate multifaith principles into their teaching practices. The findings underscore the transformative potential of religious education in bridging cultural and spiritual divides.

This research has the following objectives: 1) To find out about the concept of using PAI learning animation media as material about the beauty of togetherness in congregation in an effort to improve the spiritual quality of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School; 2) To find out the implementation of learning material about the beauty of togetherness in congregation through the use of animation media as an effort to improve the spiritual quality of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, Wonosobo; 3) To determine the inhibiting and supporting factors in the use of PAI animation learning media in delivering beautiful material together with the congregation of class VII students at Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, Wonosobo.This research uses a qualitative field approach. The data sources used came from the principal of Pelita Al-Qur'an Middle School, PAI teachers and students. Data obtained using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, display and drawing conclusions.The results of this research show that: 1) The concept of using animated learning media refers to the character of students which is aimed at increasing their religious level, curiosity, respect for achievement, friendly or communicative, likes to read, independent, disciplined and responsible. 2) Implementation of learning with animation media in terms of material content using a forward flow, in terms of time allocation using animation media in collaboration with other media, in terms of types of animation media used, including material videos, practice videos, material song videos and story videos. exemplary story. 3) The supporting factors for implementing this media in general are that it is more interesting so that students' motivation, understanding of the material and spiritual level can easily increase, while the obstacles are the lack of infrastructure, power outages and noisy environmental conditions because they are close to the main road.

This research explains research on Islamic religious learning models for children with special needs (autism) in elementary schools. The aim of this research is to find out what the Islamic religious learning model is for children with special needs (autism). The method used in this research is a qualitative method, namely library research by going through or studying and examining books or journals and written sources related to this problem. The results of this research show that the Islamic religious learning model for ABK uses inclusive or adaptive learning strategies and small group-based learning and individual support to increase participation and understanding of autistic children towards Islamic religious education

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 > ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

The aim of this research is to find out more about the influence of the Cooperative Script Learning Model on the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP N 1 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of "One Shot Case Study". The population is the entire class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency, 157 people for the 2023/2024 academic year and a sample of 32 people was determined using the purposive sample technique.

The research aims to determine the effect of independent learning on the learning activity of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive influence between independent learning in Christian Religious Education and Characteristics on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The population of all class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan for the 2023/2024 academic year is 35 people. The sampling is the entire population so this research is population research. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of the analysis requirements obtained a value of rxy=0.476>rtable=0.334 indicating that there is a positive relationship between freedom to learn Christian Religious Education and Character and student learning activeness. Regression test results obtained: a) Regression equation. b) The determination test showed that the percentage of independent learning influence of Christian Religious Education and Character on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan was 22.66%. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=12.152>Ftable=3.32, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive influence between independent learning in Christian Religious Education and Characteristics on the active learning of class IV students at SD Negeri 14 Tanjungan, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024.    

Acts of sexual violence against women and children are a threat that continues to occur anywhere in the world. Boalemo Regency is one of the districts that has experienced a fairly high increase in the number of cases of sexual violence against children. Based on information obtained by the author at the Boalemo Police, the number of cases Sexual violence in the last 3 years has increased by 55 cases. In 2020 there were 15 cases, in 2021 it increased to 18 cases and in 2022 cases of sexual violence increased to 22 cases and cases of sexual crimes against women, in 2019 there were 2 cases, in 2020 only 1 case, and in 2021 only 2 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children and to determine the police's efforts to tackle acts of sexual violence against women and children. This research aims to find out what factors cause criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency and what police efforts are in dealing with criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency. The research method used is empirical legal research. The data obtained in this research is analyzed qualitatively, namely by collecting data and drawing conclusions to determine the results. The research results show that there are several factors that cause sexual violence against female children in Boalemo Regency, namely: alcohol, low education, unmet biological needs, the role of the victim, lack of religious education and pornography. And the police's efforts to tackle criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency are: conducting outreach and providing information about sexual violence through social media.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Jigsaw learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education of class XI students at HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The population is all class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 42 items, namely 22 items for variable 2023/2024 learning, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.586 > rtable (=0.05,n=42) = 0.304. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.572 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=40)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation =24,76+0,57X . b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 34.3%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=22, dk denominator=n-2=42-2=40) namely 20.90 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the example of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Behavior of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method used is an inferential descriptive quantitative research method, with a population of 228 students and a sample taken of 20% so that the research sample is 46 students using the Random Sampling technique. The instrument used in this research uses a closed questionnaire of 30 questions, of which 15 questionnaire items are for variable X and 15 items are for variable Y which have been tested on 35 students outside the research sample. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant influence between the example of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Behavior of Class XI Students at SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. 1) Test the relationship between rcount > rtable, namely 0.630 > 0.291; 2) Significant test tcount>ttable, namely 5.381>2.021; 3) The determination test is 39.69%, 4) The regression equation is obtained from Y ̂= 23.62+0.50X; 5) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable = (α= 0.05, dk numerator k = 11, dk denominator = n-2 = 46 - 2 = 44) namely 28.66 > 2.08. Thus Ha, that is, there is a positive and significant influence between the example of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Behavior of Class

The Koran has explained how important education is which is very influential in the lives of shaping the character of students to become Muslims with noble morals, especially in the field of developing religious education which is used as a basis for learning both in terms of formal, informal and non-formal institutions which have a very important role in it. The aim of this research is to reveal the important position of students in the view of the Qur'an. The method used in this research is a literature study research method, the data source is analyzed interactively using a literature review based on the latest references. The results of the research in this discussion show that based on the presentation of the verses of the Koran, forms of classification regarding students have been explained and of course they have given meaning to the most important subjects and objects in education, namely students, where they are always prioritized to gain an understanding of learning and formation. character, this cannot be separated from the role of an educator who always directs students to become human beings who are not only intellectual in general knowledge but also intelligent in developing their morals.  

This study aims to analyze how the appreciation and application of Indonesian national identity at SMAN 14 Medan on symbols and signs that exist in the school ecosystem and the learning process. The type of research used is qualitative research and the methods used are case study and observation methods. The results of the analysis show that there are several signs and symbols related to the identity of the Indonesian nation both of symbols that are visible in real terms or have visualization, as well as in appreciation of values through behavior and actions, especially symbols and signs related to the Indonesian nation identity in the form of Pancasila and diversity. Symbols and signs related to values of diversity is application of Indonesian language and no discrimination, agent of change team, anti bullying posters in school environment. Symbols and signs related to Pancasila values is there are religious activities, application of 5S everymorning, flag ceremony, group assignment in class, and friday clean.