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Pancasila democracy places the people as the main subjects in national and state life. The rapid development of the digital era has brought significant changes to democratic practices through easier access to information and increased public participation in digital spaces. In this context, young generations have a strategic role as the group most adaptive to information and communication technology. This study aims to analyze the role of young generations in maintaining and strengthening the values of Pancasila democracy in the digital era. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study. Data were collected from various sources, including books, scientific journal articles, and research reports relevant to digital democracy and youth participation. The findings indicate that young generations can actively contribute by improving digital literacy, increasing political participation through digital media, and utilizing digital platforms as tools for education and advocacy. Furthermore, young generations play an important role in countering misinformation, strengthening the values of social justice, unity, and critical awareness in accordance with Pancasila principles. However, challenges such as the spread of disinformation, social polarization, and limited critical thinking skills in digital spaces remain significant obstacles. Therefore, continuous democratic education and digital literacy are essential to enable young generations to become responsible agents of change in sustaining Pancasila democracy in the digital era.

Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon District, possesses non-timber forest product (NTFP) potential, including patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) as a high-value essential oil producer. Patchouli cultivation development faces limitations in farmers' capacity regarding technical cultivation, post-harvest handling, and product downstream processing. This community service activity aims to enhance the Citra Aroma Forest Farmer Group (KTH) capacity in sustainable patchouli cultivation. Activities were conducted from September to November 2025 using a participatory knowledge transfer approach based on the Knowledge Transfer Framework, encompassing awareness, acquisition, application, and knowledge utilization-evaluation stages. Implementation included socialization, technical training, field demonstrations, and cultivation mentoring. Results demonstrate increased knowledge and skills among KTH members in seedling selection, land preparation, planting techniques, and patchouli maintenance. The main output is a Pocket Book on Sustainable Patchouli Cultivation SOP integrating scientific knowledge with local practices. This activity contributes to strengthening farmer group institutional capacity, developing NTFP-based entrepreneurship, and supporting the achievement of SDGs 1 and SDGs 8.

The rapid development of information technology has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including business and law. One of the key innovations in this context is Blockchain technology. Blockchain has revolutionized information storage and exchange, particularly in the realm of Indonesian contract transactions. It is a decentralized technology that allows for transactions between two parties who do not trust each other, without the need for a third party. The data in Blockchain is stored across the entire network, ensuring that it cannot be altered by a single party without the agreement of the entire network. Furthermore, Blockchain enhances transparency and accountability in data management. This study employs a normative legal research method with a descriptive approach. The findings reveal that Blockchain technology has significant implications for the protection of personal data and the validity of evidence in civil cases. As the technology continues to evolve, its potential to transform legal transactions in Indonesia is undeniable.

An agreement is a fundamental basis in civil law relations because it gives rise to rights and obligations for the parties who bind themselves. For an agreement to be valid, consent must arise from the free will of the parties without any defect of will as regulated in Articles 1320 and 1321 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). In Indonesian legal practice, apart from classic defects of will such as coercion (dwang), mistake (dwaling), and fraud (bedrog), a modern form of defect of will has also developed, namely abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Abuse of circumstances occurs when one party exploits the weak condition, dependency, or ignorance of the other party to obtain unfair advantage in an agreement. This research formulates the problems of how the concept of defect of will in abuse of circumstances is applied in the jurisprudence of Indonesian contract law and what are the legal consequences of abuse of circumstances in an agreement. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and conceptual approach, as well as related legal literature. The conclusion of this research shows that abuse of circumstances is a modern form of defect of will recognized through doctrine and jurisprudence. The legal consequence is that the agreement can be annulled because the element of free consent is not fulfilled. This legal consequence provides protection for the aggrieved party and confirms that the principle of freedom of contract is not absolute, but is limited by good faith, propriety, and balance.

This study examines the juridical aspects of guardianship applications by parents to obtain permission to sell a minor’s inherited land and analyzes the judicial considerations in Decision Number 199/Pdt.P/2025/PN Blt. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a sociological legal approach. Primary data were collected through interviews and case documents at the Blitar District Court, while secondary data consist of statutes, doctrine, and related literature. Qualitative-descriptive analysis was applied to interpret the findings. The study reveals that the guardianship application process involves both administrative and judicial stages. Judges scrutinize material evidence and the probity of sale objectives, weighing important principles such as utility, legal certainty, fairness, and justice. Guardians are granted limited authority to sell a minor’s property only if it can be proven to be in the child's best interest and legal protections are assured. Recommendations include strengthening post-decision monitoring, enhancing legal outreach, improving procedural transparency, and ensuring comprehensive implementation.

The crime of receiving stolen goods, as regulated in Article 480 of the Criminal Code (KUHP), is an offence that plays a crucial role in the continuation of the principal crime, particularly theft. Receivers provide a market for stolen goods, thereby indirectly encouraging perpetrators to continue their actions. This article aims to analyse the implementation of Article 480 of the KUHP in judicial practice, with a focus on proving the element of ‘knowing or reasonably suspecting’ that the goods purchased were obtained through criminal activity. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach through direct observation of a trial at the M. District Court. The observations show that the panel of judges successfully proved the defendant's guilt as a fence through a series of trial facts, such as the unreasonable purchase price, consistent testimony from the perpetrator of the theft, and the defendant's own admission that he had been suspicious. The judge's decision, which was lighter than the prosecutor's demands, also reflected considerations of substantive justice and humanity in addition to legal certainty. This study concludes that the effective enforcement of Article 480 of the Criminal Code in court plays an important role in breaking the chain of crime and providing a deterrent effect not only for the main perpetrators but also for those who participate in enjoying the proceeds of crime.

This study aims to identify and analyze customary and criminal sanctions imposed on individuals who violate Hinting Pali during the Tiwah ceremony, as well as the legal and customary consequences for those engaged in gambling within the ritual process. The research employs an empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The focus of this study is the implementation of Dayak Ngaju customary law in addressing violations that occur during the Tiwah ceremony. The findings reveal that Dayak Ngaju customary law plays a crucial role in maintaining social and spiritual harmony by enforcing moral, social, and symbolic sanctions. Furthermore, there is a point of convergence between customary law and national criminal law in promoting justice and social order. This study is expected to contribute academically to the development of customary law in Indonesia and serve as a valuable reference for communities, scholars, and policymakers in preserving cultural values and ensuring fair law enforcement within the framework of local wisdom.

This study aims to examine the judge's considerations in rendering decisions in aggravated theft cases at the Medan District Court, with an emphasis on the balance between legal and non-legal aspects in realizing substantive justice. The issue of disparate sentencing that frequently arises is the main background of this study. The methods used are an integrated normative legal approach and an empirical legal approach. The normative approach is used to examine the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the legal principles that govern the judge's considerations, while the empirical approach is carried out through direct observation of the trial process and analysis of the judge's decision. The results of the study indicate that the judge in case Number 1110/Pid. B/2025/PN Medan not only complied with legal aspects such as fulfilling the elements of the crime, evidence, and the application of the principle of legality, but also considered non-legal aspects such as the socio-economic conditions, age, and motives of the defendant. These considerations demonstrate the application of the principles of criminal individualization and proportional justice. In addition, the judge also considered moral values ​​and social benefits in his decision, which is in line with Gustav Radbruch's theory of three basic legal values: justice, legal certainty, and utility. This study concludes that the thinking patterns of judges at the Medan District Court reflect a shift toward substantive and restorative justice paradigms. It is recommended that the Supreme Court strengthen integrated sentencing guidelines to avoid disparities in sentencing and encourage the adoption of a rehabilitative approach for offenders with low economic motivations.

The phenomenon of student brawls has become a source of pride for those with violent tendencies, especially among students. As a result, the phenomenon of student brawls in Indonesia has recently become commonplace. In fact, these brawls have shifted from mere physical fights to violent acts connected directly to social media (live streaming). SMAN 1 Kersana, as a school that is concerned about this phenomenon, has taken anticipatory steps to prevent its students from becoming victims or perpetrators of violence or bullying. One of these measures is by holding In-House Training (IHT) attended by all teachers and staff at the school. After the IHT, there are also follow-ups as concrete steps from the implementation of IHT to develop programs for preventing and handling violence. An understanding of the laws related to acts of violence is mandatory for all parties involved. Furthermore, synergy between all parties, between the school, the school committee, and parents of students is one of the keys to preventing and handling violence at SMAN 1 Kersana.

High school adolescents are in a vulnerable developmental phase towards emotional and behavioral problems due to rapid biological, cognitive, and social changes. Limitations in emotional management can trigger the emergence of problematic behavior, such as aggressiveness, violations of school rules, conflicts with peers, and bullying, both directly and through digital media. This article aims to analyze problematic behavior in high school adolescents from the perspective of emotional conditions. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review method of 20 national and international scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar and analyzed descriptively-thematically. The results of the study indicate that adolescent problematic behavior is influenced by the interaction of individual, family, school, and social environment factors that are increasingly complex. Low emotional regulation and emotional intelligence increase the tendency for maladaptive behavior, while family support, a conducive school climate, and Guidance and Counseling services act as protective factors. Therefore, a holistic and sustainable approach is needed through strengthening emotional intelligence, preventive Guidance and Counseling services, and the development of life skills to support the social-emotional development of adolescents.

Low financial literacy, weak sharia-based governance, and limited business legality remain key barriers to the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). These constraints reduce managerial capability, restrict access to formal financing, and hinder business growth. This study developed an integrated mentoring model combining financial literacy, sharia governance, and business legalization using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. 25 MSMEs in Brebes Regency participated in four stages: needs assessment, training, mentoring, and evaluation. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, bookkeeping observations, and legality checklists. Results showed significant improvements: financial literacy scores increased from 52 to 84 (61.5%), bookkeeping adoption rose from 20% to 88%, and Business Identification Number (NIB) ownership increased from 32% to 84%. Average monthly turnover also grew by 33%. These findings indicate that participatory and practice-based mentoring effectively enhances knowledge, behavior, and economic performance. The model offers a scalable strategy for strengthening sustainable and ethical MSME management.

This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

This study explores the principal’s leadership strategies and the role of organizational climate in improving teacher work discipline. Teacher discipline is a crucial element in ensuring instructional quality, professional accountability, and sustainable school performance. A qualitative case study approach was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of leadership practices implemented in the natural setting of the school. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis involving the principal, vice principals, and teachers. The findings reveal that discipline improvement is shaped by exemplary leadership, dialogic communication, continuous coaching, and the application of humanistic regulations supported by moral and social rewards. In addition, a collegial and supportive organizational climate strengthens collective awareness and encourages teachers to comply with professional standards voluntarily. Discipline is therefore constructed not merely through administrative control but through shared values and social interaction. This study contributes to educational leadership literature by providing contextual evidence of how leadership practices interact with organizational environments in shaping teacher behavior. Practically, the findings offer guidance for school leaders in designing participatory and sustainable discipline development strategies.

This study aims to examine the development of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia from the classical to the modern era, as well as the factors influencing their transformation and strategies for strengthening them to remain relevant to contemporary needs without abandoning Islamic values. The research method used is a literature review (library research) by analyzing books, scientific journals, and official documents related to Islamic education, both nationally and internationally, published within the last five years. The findings indicate that Islamic education evolved from informal learning through majelis taklim, surau, and langgar, to the establishment of pesantren, madrasahs, and modern Islamic higher education institutions that integrate religious and general knowledge. The transformation of these institutions is influenced by local cultural factors, international scholarly networks, political pressures and colonialism, reformist figures, globalization, economic demands, social mobility, and national education policies. In the era of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Islamic educational institutions face challenges such as technological access disparities, limited teacher competence in digital pedagogy, curriculum integration, and the risk of educational commodification. Strengthening strategies include developing integrative curricula, professionalizing teachers, utilizing digital technology, promoting media literacy based on Islamic values, developing entrepreneurship, revitalizing traditional knowledge, and enhancing alumni networks and visionary leadership. This study emphasizes that the synergy among pesantren, madrasahs, and Islamic higher education institutions forms a national Islamic education ecosystem that is adaptive, rooted in spiritual values, and capable of producing Muslim generations who are morally upright, knowledgeable, and globally competitive.

The concept of science according to Ibn Rushd emphasizes the harmony between religion and philosophy, as well as the importance of using rational thinking methods to achieve the truth. He divides human intellectual abilities into three levels, namely rhetoric, dialectical, and demonstrative, and distinguishes science into theoretical and practical sciences. According to Ibn Rushd, knowledge is obtained through cooperation between the senses, imagination, and intellect, so that the human thought process must run systematically and logically. This research uses the library research method to examine the relevance of Ibn Rushd's thought to Islamic boarding school education in the modern era. The results of the study show that Ibn Rushd's ideas can be the basis for integration between religious science and science, encourage the strengthening of students' critical reasoning, and avoid scientific dichotomy. In addition, the application of his thinking has the potential to improve the quality of learning for Islamic boarding schools to be more contextual, inclusive, and adaptive to the development of science and technology. Thus, the concept of Ibn Rushd's knowledge can strengthen the direction of pesantren education towards a holistic and civilization-oriented education system.

This article aims to explore the evaluation of the context, inputs, processes, and products of the implementation of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education at SMA Negeri 1 Tikep. Until now, there are still many obstacles faced by a number of educational institutions, especially in the aspects of implementation and evaluation. This study uses a qualitative approach and a type of evaluation research with the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model, which was developed by Stufflebeam. This research was conducted by analyzing the data to answer the problem formulation without testing the hypothesis. The main data from this study were obtained through descriptive analysis, with the data collection process through interviews, documentation, and Post-Test as additional data. The results of this study indicate that from the perspective of the CIPP evaluation model developed by Stufflebeam, the context, input, process, and product aspects of PAI and Budi Pekerti learning based on the 2013 curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Tikep  are included in the good category.

This study explores the shift from traditional to modernist educational paradigms in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), which have been in existence since before Indonesia’s independence. The shift involves adapting learning methods while retaining traditionalist approaches, ensuring that they meet modern needs without eliminating their core values. The study uses a qualitative-phenomenological approach to examine three main areas: (1) the strategy of educational values and spiritual practices employed by pesantren leaders, with an emphasis on the TAQWA method, which aims to improve student understanding quickly; (2) the integration of Qur'an literacy, religious traditions, and environmental empowerment in the educational process; and (3) the impact of this model on student character development. Qur'an literacy in this context extends beyond reading and memorizing verses, focusing on understanding and actualizing its values in daily life. Religious practices such as book study, worship routines, and etiquette coaching promote moral development. Environmental activities, such as agriculture and natural resource management, encourage independence and ecological awareness. This holistic approach can serve as a model for character education, blending spiritual, social, and environmental aspects, while strengthening pesantren's role in fostering moral and ecological awareness.

Public service delivery represents a central function of civil servants (ASNs) in realizing governmental objectives and fulfilling public needs. The increasing complexity of bureaucratic challenges not only requires administrative competence but also a devotion-based work culture and strong conflict management abilities. This study adopts an integrative literature review approach to synthesize research on the relationship between devotion-oriented work culture and conflict resolution competence among ASNs in public administration. Through thematic synthesis of empirical and conceptual studies, three primary themes emerge: (1) devotion as a moral dimension shaping civil service identity; (2) conflict resolution competence as an adaptive behavioral skill; and (3) integration of cultural and governance values for ethical performance. Findings reveal that devotion-oriented culture enhances civil servants’ problem-solving and ethical responsiveness, strengthening bureaucratic accountability and public trust. This paper contributes a conceptual framework linking work devotion, conflict competence, and public governance, providing implications for policy and administrative reform toward professional, responsive, and citizen-oriented public service.

Private vehicles are a frequently used mode of transportation because they are considered more practical. However, using private vehicles carries several risks, such as traffic accidents due to drivers losing focus on the road due to other activities, such as making calls on smartphones, drinking, or operating the radio. Approximately 90% of accidents are caused by human error. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of neural network commonly used on image data. CNN is often used for image classification due to its high performance and accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the performance of CNN for the classification of distracted driving activities. The results show that the CNN model is able to effectively classify images of distracted driving activities, with an accuracy of approximately 99% across all datasets and across all input image size variations. Furthermore, the results of this study also show that differences in right-hand and left-hand drive datasets do not significantly affect model accuracy. Variations in input image size also do not significantly affect model accuracy, but do affect the training duration.