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The aim of this research is to determine the regulation of the function of the Sikka Regency Environmental Service in waste management in Maumere City and the participation of the Maumere City community in waste management. In order to answer this research, an analysis of the relationship between laws governing waste management and Sikka Regency regional regulations governing waste management was carried out, especially the regulation of the Sikka Regency Environmental Service's function in waste management. The type of research used by the author is Empirical Normative Legal research. The data sources in this research are primary and secondary data sources. Analysis of data and legal materials in this research uses qualitative analysis in accordance with primary data and secondary data obtained from the research results. Based on the research results, the two existing regional legal products, namely Sikka Regency Regional Regulation Number 16 of 2016 and Sikka Regent Regulation Number 42 of 2021, regulate the function of the Sikka Regency Environmental Service in waste management in Maumere City. with what has been regulated in Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management as the highest law. The weakness of the existing regulations, both laws and regional regulations, is law enforcement. The participation of the people of Maumere City in management is that the people sort out waste that can still be used for reuse so that it is not just thrown away. Apart from that, the community also proposed a program at the Environmental Service for waste management so that waste handling in Maumere City can run well.

The aim of this study is to analyze the legal consequences of company bankruptcy for individuals and the legal certainty of company bankruptcy for individuals. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This study uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection uses document study or literature study techniques. The data that has been obtained is analyzed qualitatively using deductive and inductive methods or interpretation is carried out. The results of the study show that individual companies that have been declared bankrupt through a court decision can immediately give rise to legal consequences, namely that the debtor loses the right to carry out management and control over the assets owned and everything produced during bankruptcy, and the rights and obligations of the bankrupt debtor are transferred to the curator. to manage and control the debt as regulated in Article 19 to Article 62 of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations. The concept of bankruptcy law certainty in bankruptcy law can be demonstrated in the principle of quick case resolution and simple proof.

In maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era, it is very important to remember that personal data can be used by unauthorized parties for various purposes. This is like the notary profession which is now required to be able to maintain the security of each client's data. Notaries can participate in recording important digital documents, such as deeds and contracts, which can help prevent manipulation. Due to the problems that occur, of course the role of the notary in maintaining data security must be considered, especially in transactions and legal documents. Even though the digital world has changed the way many transactions are carried out, the role of notaries still plays an important role in ensuring the validity, integrity and security of digital documents. Notaries can witness and certify contracts and digital legal documents, making them legally valid. The aim of this research is to explain and analyze the role of notaries in maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era. The approach used in this research is a juridical-empirical approach. The results of this research are that the role of notaries in maintaining data security in the digital era has an important role in validating digital signatures. By verifying identity and ensuring that digital signatures are valid, notaries help ensure security in digital transactions. In addition, notaries can also provide digital certificates that confirm the validity of digital signatures and electronic documents. This certificate is a strong proof of authentication. This is proof that the Notary ensures that digital transactions comply with applicable laws, including data privacy regulations and cyber security regulations. This helps keep data secure.

A signature is a signature that represents a symbol as a result of a statement or a statement, a product whose development has been very rapid, and has become increasingly popular, an information technology and electronics company which is increasingly popular. With that, the Ellektronilk transaction was born and the use of ElleKtronilk's signature process as an aspect human error. So from iltul pelrlul pelnyelsulailan dulnila dilgiltal telrkailt konselp cybelr notary in ellelktronilk transactions. Ilnil research examines the effectiveness of ellelktronilk's signature in the notary cybelr concept meldnulrult prelsfelktilf pelrmeln komilnfo number 11 of 2022 and implements the research meltodel yulrildils normilvel yailtul sulatul development towards hulkulm problems from the perspective of the US implementation of legal regulations that are valid, article 15 paragraph (3) UlUlJN which regulates that notaries There are also other laxities that are regulated in the regulation of regulations. One of them is the ability to sell transactional financial assets carried out through e-Notary (el-Notary) which ultimately results in deeds of ilkrar, waqf and airplane mortgages. Telrbult legal regulations can be taken from UlUl ILTEl as a legal stand to support the implementation of el-Notary in carrying out electronic transactions. The ability to complete an Otelnilk deed as well as to sign it personally as a legal agreement between Common Law and Civil Law Notaries, between Cybelr Notary and Ellelktronilk Notary. The three things that have been developed have resulted in a formalized renewal strategy produced in a complete, reliable, reliable and safe system through a collaborative strategy developed by several companies or companies using the company's technology team. telmul, selkalilguls' harmony and practice in carrying out the position of notary in Ilndonelsila. The resulting conclusion is that Ellektronilk's signature strength in the notary cybelr concept in the Pelrmeln Komilnfo prelsfelktilf number 11 of 2022, still has no strong legal strength.

Digital bureaucracy is a new bureaucratic system that arises because of globalization, as well as a substitute for the classic bureaucratic concept, namely paper-based bureaucracy. Digital bureaucracy has a role in improving the good governance system, by increasing the four indicators of good governance principles, namely transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. Indonesia can take advantage of the existing demographic bonus. Human resource management as the foundation for running the digital governance wheel is an important key. Adoption of technology in various public service sectors and supported by human resources with high digital adaptability is expected to increase the competitiveness of our governance. The state has a goal in realizing the welfare of its people. So that the state needs to do various things in meeting the needs of the community through the implementation of public services. In order to meet the needs of the community to run well, the urgency related to the quality of public services is very large. As for what affects the quality of public services, one of them is internal factors, namely discretionary authority,actions determined, carried out by government officials to overcome concrete problems faced in the administration of government in terms of laws and regulations that provide choices, do not regulate, are incomplete or unclear,there is government stagnation. Discretion is used by the government for and on behalf of positions, carried out within the formal environment of the authority of government officials, its implementation is directed at effectiveness and efficiency, and must be in accordance with AUPB, and based on the principle of rationality. Any use of government officials' discretion is aimed at facilitating government administration, filling legal voids.

People who are not involved in war receive legal protection, as regulated in Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Convention. People who are protected include combatants, militia members and civilians, but the protection has not been implemented properly, because violence often occurs against  they.  This writing explains the protection of people who are not involved in war, but this protection is still far from what it should be because violence still occurs against civilians who are victims of inhumane actions.  

The United Nations is an international organization that has very important role in maintaining world peace and security. The United Nations Charter does not provide much explicit regulation regarding Veto rights. the use of the Veto rights is community, and in this research we will discuse the regulations regarding the Veto right and its various relevance in relation to the principle of sovereignty adopted by the United Nations. That basically the regulation of the principles and principle of equality of state sovereignty has been expressly regulated in article 2 paragraph (1) of the UN Charter. The provisions are the basis for carrying out the functions of the UN as an international organization, including the basis for carrying out the functions of its main organ. Therefore, this principle becomes a guide for decision makers in the UN security council until there is no longer any reason to justify the use of the Veto right.

Agraria law is the law that regulates relations between people and land and other people. Sudikno Mertokusumo explained that the law, also known as land law, is the interest of people in other people regarding land. According to Subekti, agrarian law is the totality of legal provisions, whether civil, state administration or state administration law, which also regulates authorities that originate from certain relationships. For information, the basis of agrarian law is regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning basic regulations on agrarian principles or UUPA. In this agrarian law regulation, there are at least seven principles1. These are: the principle of control by the state, the principle of social function, the principle of customary law, the principle of nationality or nationhood, the principle of limiting land ownership for the sake of the public interest, the principle of general planning and the principle of land preservation. From various literature it is known that the history of the birth of the UUPA tells the long history of the struggle of national figures in reducing the impartiality of land law for the benefit of society at large. In the era of reform, the logical consequences between political existence and interests and legal certainty, especially regarding land issues, have become a trending topic that is interesting to discuss. The complexity of land issues in this country is increasingly increasing and complicated, and is exacerbated by friction between interests that are politically charged. Legal politics consists of a series of words politics and law. (Suderto, et., al 1983) explains that politics is used in various meanings, namely: 2 1. The word polik in Dutch, which means something related to the State 2. Means discussing state issues or those related to the State Furthermore, Sudarto emphasized that the meaning of politics is policy which is a synonym for policy. In this sense, the words economic politics, crime, legal politics and criminal law politics are found. The relationship between politics and law, according to (Mahfud et., al 1998) explains that law is a political product. Law is seen as an independent variable (variable influence) and politics as an independent variable (variable influence). With this assumption, Mahfud formulated the law as: 3 Legal policies that will be or have been implemented nationally by the government also include an understanding of how politics influences the law by looking at the configuration of forces behind the creation and enforcement of the law. Here the law is not only seen as articles that are imperative or mandatory, but must be seen as a sum system which in reality is not impossible, in fact it is not impossible which is very much determined by politics, both in the formulation of material and articles and in implementing them.

Rainfall potential analysis plays a critical role in the management of air resources, mitigation of hydrometeorological disasters, and agricultural activity planning. Accurate estimation of rainfall patterns is essential to ensure effective decision-making in irrigation systems, water resource management, and disaster risk reduction strategies. This study aims to model the probability of rainfall occurrence using a statistical approach based on historical data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology. The data spans a multi-year period and captures seasonal and regional variability in rainfall events. To characterize rainfall patterns, various probability distributions are tested, including the exponential distribution and the Weibull distribution, which are commonly applied in hydrological studies. Furthermore, the Markov chain method is employed to assess the likelihood of rainfall occurrence on a given day based on the conditions of the preceding day, thereby capturing temporal dependencies. Parameter estimation is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), a robust statistical method that enhances the precision of the model. The suitability of each probability distribution in representing the observed rainfall data is evaluated through goodness-of-fit tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The findings reveal that certain distributions align more closely with the local rainfall characteristics, demonstrating the importance of regional analysis in climate modeling. The combination of probabilistic modeling, Markov analysis, and rigorous statistical testing provides a reliable framework for forecasting rainfall. These results are expected to serve as a scientific basis for stakeholders in agriculture, environmental planning, and disaster preparedness, offering insights that support sustainable water resource utilization and risk management.

The irfani approach in the study of Islamic law is a method that integrates spiritual experience, intuition, and moral values in understanding and applying legal principles. This research aims to explore the relevance, implications, and challenges of the irfani approach within the context of Islamic law in Indonesia. By employing normative juridical analysis and literature study, this study finds that the irfani approach enriches the understanding of Islamic law by linking it to contemporary issues, such as social justice, environmental protection, and human rights. This perspective encourages a more holistic and ethical interpretation of legal principles, moving beyond rigid textual analysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the potential harmonization between Islamic law and customary law (adat law) in Indonesia. This integration can create a more inclusive, culturally adaptive, and community-responsive legal system, which aligns with Indonesia's pluralistic legal landscape. However, challenges remain in the widespread acceptance and implementation of the irfani approach. Resistance often arises from scholars and institutions that prefer conventional, textual, and rationalistic approaches to Islamic law, perceiving the irfani method as subjective or lacking legal rigor.Despite these challenges, strengthening education, scholarly dialogue, and interdisciplinary engagement between Islamic law scholars, legal practitioners, and policymakers can foster a greater appreciation for the ethical and spiritual dimensions of Islamic law. By incorporating mystical insights and moral considerations, the irfani approach has significant potential to contribute to the evolution of Islamic law in Indonesia, ensuring its relevance, inclusivity, and adaptability in addressing the complex challenges of modern society.

Pregnancy lasts from ovulation to parturition for approximately 280 days (40 weeks) and no more than 300 days (approximately 43 weeks). In the first trimester of pregnancy, most women experience discomfort due to anatomical and physiological changes, such as nausea, vomiting, cravings, fainting, changes in the skin and breasts, anorexia, and increased frequency of urination. When entering the third trimester, many pregnant women begin to experience anxiety before giving birth. This study aims to determine the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester in facing childbirth. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The sampling technique used is total sampling, and data analysis is carried out using the Wilcoxon test, a non-parametric test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of peppermint aromatherapy in reducing the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester before giving birth, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Peppermint aromatherapy has been shown to be effective as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Bullying behavior often occurs in all circles and all institutions, both government and private, including in the world of education, namely the school environment, the perpetrators and victims are teachers or students. Bullying is any physical violence or psychological violence that is carried out repeatedly due to the imbalance of power relations. The purpose of the psychoeducational activity is to provide information to teachers and students regarding the impacts caused by bullying behavior. Psychoeducational activities are carried out by means of face-to-face seminars at the SMAN 1 Sukamulia Musholla. The method in psychoeducational activities is action research or also called Action Research. Action Research consists of four processes starting from determining the problem, preparing an activity plan, implementing activities and finally conducting an evaluation related to the objectives of the educational activities carried out. The implementation process begins with the presentation of material, questions and answers, and sharing experiences related to bullying behavior experienced by students or adolescents.

This research discusses community empowerment in social conditions where problems occur in the community, especiallymothers or lower middle class people who are looking for a shortcut to finance familylife on basicneeds by lending money from moneylenders. That the familyis high, the low average familyincome and the high cost of living make them feel that their quality of life is threatened. The solution to overcome this problem must be a driving agency from the government or what is meant is community empowerment, namely the Leder-Free Village (KBR) Program which provides spiritual training, training assistance, business capital to the community so that prosperous and quality families are created. This research aims to determine the process of stages of community empowerment activities,family resilience and determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in the Money Loan Free Village program. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results of this research show that the Leder-Free Village program achieves community empowerment in terms of family resilience, namely that the beneficiary members get business capital and create social change from economic, social and spiritual independence, so that achieve the condition of the family in their lives independently and more empowered.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of infographic media can enhance the argumentative writing skills of eleventh-grade students at SMK Negeri Sragi, located in the Sragi District of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java. Argumentative writing is a critical academic skill that enables students to express opinions clearly, logically, and persuasively. However, many students struggle with organizing their ideas, building coherent arguments, and presenting supporting evidence effectively. To address this issue, the research employs a quantitative descriptive method with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 students from grade XI were randomly selected as research participants. Infographics were introduced as an instructional medium to assist students in better understanding the structure of argumentative texts, including thesis statements, supporting arguments, counterarguments, and conclusions. The visual nature of infographics was expected to improve students’ ability to grasp and organize key components of argumentative writing. The results of data analysis indicate a significant improvement in students’ writing performance after the implementation of infographic-based instruction. Students demonstrated enhanced clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in their arguments. Furthermore, the use of infographics increased student motivation and confidence in expressing opinions through writing. This research concludes that infographic media is an effective tool for improving argumentative writing skills among vocational high school students. It is recommended that educators incorporate visual learning tools such as infographics to support writing instruction. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more engaging and innovative teaching strategies that promote critical thinking and communication skills in the classroom.

This study explores the role of Islamic education in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a library research approach. Islamic education, with its emphasis on moral, spiritual, and social values, aligns closely with the principles of sustainable development. The study reveals that Islamic teachings on justice, equality, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship are in harmony with the goals outlined in the SDGs. Islamic educational institutions contribute to poverty alleviation, environmental awareness, and gender equality through curriculum content and practical programs rooted in Islamic values. However, challenges such as limited curriculum integration and lack of teacher capacity remain obstacles. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the curriculum, empower educators, and build partnerships between Islamic educational institutions and broader development stakeholders to ensure Islamic education becomes a significant agent in achieving the global goals.

The expository learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) remains relevant as a classical Islamic scholarly heritage but requires creative transformation to address digital-age challenges. This article examines the implementation of expository strategies through literature study, analyzing philosophical foundations, effectiveness, contemporary challenges, and innovation models. The research reveals that expository strategies are effective for normative PAI materials but face complex challenges including shifting cognitive patterns of digital natives, decentralization of knowledge authority, and technological disparities. Various innovative models (interactive, contextual, multimedia, reflective) offer solutions by integrating traditional expository strengths with modern approaches. The study concludes that successful implementation requires paradigmatic reconstruction through "pedagogical ijtihad" balancing Islamic scholarly authenticity with 21st-century learning needs. PAI teachers must master three core competencies: depth of religious knowledge, pedagogical sophistication, and technological literacy. 

This study highlights a unique and interesting phenomenon in the realm of higher education marketing strategy. The Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic University Institute (IDIA) has successfully maintained its sustainability for over 40 years despite offering relatively affordable tuition fees. This research aims to develop a comprehensive marketing strategy for educational services at IDIA, as well as to explore the institution’s contribution to the development of service marketing in Islamic higher education. The study employs a qualitative field research approach, with data collection methods including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques, consisting of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. To formulate an effective marketing strategy, the research applies the marketing mix theory as a foundational framework. The educational service marketing strategy implemented at IDIA includes the provision of high-quality educational products, price humanization strategies that ensure affordability, selection of strategic campus locations, promotional activities tailored to community needs, human resource development, improvement of facilities and infrastructure, and the enhancement of service delivery systems. These strategies are designed to position IDIA as a competitive Islamic higher education institution. Furthermore, the research reveals the significant contributions of service marketing to IDIA’s growth. These include a steady increase in the number of new student enrollments, higher levels of customer satisfaction, an improved institutional image, and ongoing improvements in educational quality. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into how effective educational service marketing can support the sustainability and competitiveness of Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the application of technology in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning, focusing on the challenges and obstacles encountered, as well as the changes in the role of teachers in technology-based learning strategies. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative method with library research as the primary technique. Through the analysis of various relevant literatures, this study identifies the potential of technology in enhancing the effectiveness of IRE learning, as well as obstacles such as limited access to technology, skill gaps, and dependency on technology. Additionally, this study explores the transformation of the teacher's role from being an instructor to a facilitator, who focuses more on managing technology and creating a safe and inclusive learning environment. The findings of this study indicate that despite the challenges, technology holds significant potential to improve the quality of religious education, provided that efforts are made to overcome the existing barriers. 

Reason: The organization's ability to adopt new, innovative behaviors is being restricted by the new, competitive environment that progress and gradual change have created. In light of overall execution factors, SMEs must implement the following digital transformations. SMEs have certain characteristics that set them apart from large corporations. Moreover, having a prototype that is authorized to recognize, impact, and expand its computerized capabilities will help SMEs grow towards more sophisticated development. Idea/procedure/approach: A top to bottom audit of the current writing on advanced Change and hierarchical productivity accomplished inside Scopus and Web of Science to recognize other computerized difficulties confronting PME and the advanced abilities that they truly do vent developer pour y foreface.  We utilized semi-organized apparatuses to safeguard supplements and work with the investigation of metadata specialists. Results: Because Regarding this review, We've got fostered a sophisticated hierarchical skill simulation for proficiency organized that empowers SMEs to distinguish and foster the computerized capacities expected to progress organized change, refined with bits of knowledge from six counseled specialists. We have noticed the significance of authoritative learning and hierarchical information to propel the computerized change of small and medium-sized. Competent modernity /esteem: known as created designs is valuable regarding small and medium-sized administrators in understand what the beginning circumstance is, explain appear computerized holes were, along with have the option by design activities to foster the advanced abilities important to move in the direction of digital maturity coordinated.

The purpose of the study was to determine the form of pricing strategy, the implementation of pricing strategy and the implications of the bidding pricing strategy to win the tender at PT. Vidya Radeva Artha. The research methodology used a descriptive qualitative method, with observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this study consist of three important points, namely: The form of the bidding pricing strategy to win the tender at PT. Vidya Radeva Artha, namely the cost-plus pricing strategy, the value-based pricing strategy, and the penetration pricing strategy (low pricing). The process of the bidding pricing strategy to win the tender at PT. Vidya Radeva Artha is from the cost of goods added to other costs which are then carried out by increasing the profit margin by 10% -60%. The implications of the cost-based pricing strategy are carried out for middle-type tenders, namely tenders with quantities that are neither large nor small, the cost-based pricing strategy is carried out for special custom tenders from PT. Trakindo, namely tenders with quantities that are not large but are certain to win the tender, and finally the penetration pricing strategy is carried out for consumer goods tenders with quantities that are large compared to other tenders.