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One of the key elements in a company is customer service, which must be supported by a conducive environment. A supportive environment can be an added value for the company. Companies that sell products must consider that good service will create a positive image in the eyes of customers, making them feel that their needs are met. This study examines the service model and mechanism at XYZ Restaurant. The purpose of this article is to identify the model and mechanism used in the budgeting process at XYZ Restaurant. The research method employed is library research. The findings indicate that XYZ Restaurant applies both Top-Down and Bottom-Up budgeting approaches and is capable of adopting a combined budgeting approach. The budgeting process at XYZ Restaurant involves setting the company's vision and strategy, budgeting determination, communication and commitment, budget implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation.

This study aims to analyze the implications of business law on consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that business law plays an important role in protecting consumers in e-commerce transactions. However, the effectiveness of existing laws and regulations is still questionable because there are still many cases of fraud and unfair business practices. Therefore, this study suggests the need for improvements to laws and regulations, increased consumer awareness, effective supervision, and cooperation between the government and business actors to improve consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia.

In aviation, two important factors can affect passenger satisfaction: time efficiency in service, especially in the baggage claim process, and airline image. These two activities also apply to passengers at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between the duration of baggage claim and airline image on passenger satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach to data collection. It distributes questionnaires to 105 Citilink Indonesia passengers and 105 Batik Air passengers who claim their baggage in the arrivals area. In addition, it uses baggage manifest data in the form of first baggage (fi-bag) and last baggage (la-bag) time data. The data is then analyzed using the t-test (partial test) and f-test (simultaneous test). The results of the study indicate that partially, the Baggage Claim Duration variable has a significant effect on the Passenger Satisfaction variable, both for Citilink Airlines (sig.=0.30) and Batik Air (sig.0.035). The results of the study indicate that partially, the Airline Image variable has a significant effect on the Passenger Satisfaction variable for both Citilink Airlines (sig.=0.000) and Batik Air (sig.=0.000). Furthermore, the Baggage Claim Duration and Airline Image variables simultaneously affect the Passenger Satisfaction variable, with a significance of 0.000 for both Citilink and Batik Air Airlines.

This study investigates the role of human resource management (HRM) in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat institutions in developing countries. Zakat, as a mandatory form of almsgiving in Islam, has significant potential for poverty alleviation and social equity, yet its impact is often hampered by organizational inefficiencies, talent shortages, and governance challenges. Through qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the study identifies key themes such as the integration of Islamic principles into HRM practices, challenges in talent acquisition and development, the impact of digital transformation, and the importance of leadership in zakat management.Findings reveal that while many zakat institutions are striving to align HRM practices with Islamic values, significant gaps remain in areas such as employee training, leadership development, and the adoption of digital tools. The study emphasizes the necessity for standardized HRM frameworks that incorporate ethical considerations, targeted recruitment strategies, and robust training programs to equip employees with the necessary skills. Additionally, it highlights the critical role of effective leadership in fostering a culture of accountability and transparencUltimately, this research underscores the importance of strategic HRM in maximizing the potential of zakat as a tool for social equity and poverty alleviation. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers, zakat managers, and researchers, aiming to facilitate the development of more effective, transparent, and sustainable zakat institutions that contribute to economic justice in Muslim-majority countries.

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, profitability, and solvability ratios on investment decisions while also investigating the moderating role of firm size in this relationship. The research focuses on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2019-2023, which are marked by significant economic disruptions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative approach was employed, using panel data regression to test the proposed hypotheses. Financial ratios were measured using the current ratio, return on assets, and debt-to-equity ratio, while investment decisions were assessed using the price-earnings ratio. The natural logarithm of total assets measured firm size. The results reveal that liquidity and solvability significantly influence investment decisions, while profitability does not. Firm size was found to moderate the relationship between liquidity and solvability with investment decisions, but not the relationship involving profitability. These findings have practical implications for investors and corporate managers in formulating investment strategies and managing financial performance, highlighting the importance of considering firm size when evaluating the effectiveness of economic indicators. This research also contributes to the empirical literature on investment decision-making in the manufacturing sector.

International Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face significant challenges in improving global competitiveness due to limited resources and access to effective market analysis, despite contributing 45% to the global economy (OECD, 2025). This research aims to develop an integrated machine learning (ML) model with a mixed-methods approach to optimise cross-border MSME market analysis. A combination of quantitative (transaction data analysis of 500 Indonesian export MSMEs 2020-2024 using XGBoost and SEM-AMOS) and qualitative (interviews with 15 MSME players) methods revealed that the XGBoost model achieved 89% accuracy in predicting market trends, with key variables including social media sentiment (28%) and exchange rate fluctuations (19%). Qualitative results show that 65% of MSMEs face cross-border regulatory barriers that ML models do not detect. The findings extend the Resource-Based View theory by validating AI-driven market intelligence as a strategic asset (β = 0.67, p 0.7. This research highlights the importance of technology integration and contextual adaptation in the digital transformation of MSMEs.

The city of Palembang, traversed by the Musi River, is well suited for industrial development in the fisheries sector. The area is renowned for its distinctive regional cuisine, one of which is pempek which is a processed fish product. Entrepreneurs supporting the supply of raw materials for processed fish products include ground fish businesses. The ground fish industry continues to expand, with business owners striving to maintain and enhance product quality and service standards to remain competitive and promote growth. In this regard, the decisions made by leaders significantly impact an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives. Therefore, appropriate methodologies are required to analyze the key factors influencing success or failure. SWOT analysis helps identify external opportunities and threats as well as internal strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, CSF analysis provides a clearer interpretation of key elements, defines essential activities, and supplies relevant information. Furthermore, this research proposes strategies to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and value at every stage of the value chain. It is expected that this analysis will assist businesses in optimizing resources and improving the competitiveness of ground fish enterprises in the market. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of strategic measures that can enhance the competitive advantage of ground fish businesses in the fisheries and food processing sectors.

The development of the digital-based travel industry is growing rapidly in Indonesia, including in the city of Medan. Traveloka is one of the most widely used platforms for booking tickets and accommodations. However, despite its large user base, there are still complaints about the user experience of the traveloka application which will have an impact on user satisfaction. This study aims to analyze user experience and perceived value on repurchase intention through e-satisfaction for application users in Medan city. The type of research conducted is associative research. The population for this study consists of residents of Medan city who use the Traveloka application, with a sample size of 125 respondents. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique employed in this study is structural equation modeling (SEM) using the Smart PLS version 4.0 analysis tool. Research results User experience has a positive but insignificant effect on repurchase intention. Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. User experience has a positive and significant effect on e-satisfaction. Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on e-satisfaction on the Medan city traveloka application. E- satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. User experience has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention through e-satisfaction. Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention through e-satisfaction.

Firm value is the company's performance reflected in the stock price, which is determined by the demand and supply in the capital market, representing public perception of the company's performance. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of millennial leaders and CSR disclosure on firm value, with firm age as a control variable, in companies listed in the LQ45 Index from 2021 to 2023. The population of this study consists of 45 companies. Sampling was conducted using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique, resulting in a total of 16 company samples. The analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that millennial leaders positively affect firm value, while CSR disclosure negatively affects firm value. This study provides theoretical implications by offering additional information and empirical evidence regarding the influence of millennial leaders and CSR disclosure on firm value. It also offers practical implications for company leaders to pay more attention to factors that can enhance firm value.

Despite their 45% contribution to the global economy, international micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) face considerable obstacles in enhancing their global competitiveness because they lack the resources and access to efficient market analysis (OECD, 2025). In order to optimize cross-border MSME market analysis, this research attempts to construct a machine learning (ML) model coupled with a mixed-methods approach. A combination of quantitative (XGBoost and SEM-AMOS were used to analyze transaction data of 500 Indonesian export MSMEs 2020–2024) and qualitative (interviews with 15 MSME players) methods showed that the XGBoost model achieved 89% accuracy in predicting market trends, with key variables including exchange rate fluctuations (19%) and social media sentiment (28%). According to qualitative findings, the ML model does not identify cross-border regulatory constraints that 65% of MSMEs must deal with. These results validate market intelligence powered by AI as a strategic asset, extending the Resource-Based View paradigm. The significance of contextual adaptation and technological integration in the digital transformation of MSMEs is emphasized by this study.

This study aims to identify the influence of leadership style and work environment on organizational citizenship behavior of employees of Perum Perhutani, Central Java regional division in Semarang city. This study uses quantitative methods. Data collection using questionnaire instruments that are distributed directly, and analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results show that leadership style has a positive effect on OCB, while the work environment does not affect OCB. Therefore, Perum Perhutani is expected to improve its work environment so that loyalty and organizational citizenship behavior increase. Further researchers are expected to explore other related objects and variables, such as in the banking sector, and employee satisfaction in further research.

Through an applied study in the Wasit Education Directorate, this study seeks to investigate how investing in digital marketing tools supports educational quality. Given the rapid pace of digital transformation, educational institutions now need to implement digital strategies that improve communication between parents and students and aid in the learning process. Through semi-structured interviews with educators, experts, students, and parents, the study employed a qualitative curriculum. The findings demonstrated that digital marketing tools improve education quality by fostering communication, encouraging participation, and offering interactive content. Numerous issues were also brought to light by the study, including inadequate infrastructure and a dearth of training in digital marketing, and suggested creating consistent digital tactics to facilitate the fusion of digital marketing and education.

Eradication of corruption in Indonesia has been made maximum efforts, but the reality shows that the number of corruption cases continues to increase. This situation is caused by the obstacles encountered in efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption. In its development, corruption in Indonesia is no longer a monopoly of bureaucrats but has also involved actors in the private sector. For example, corruption can be committed by corporations, either directly or through the actions of people acting on behalf of or for the interests of the corporation. The method used is the normative juridical method, a legal research method that relies on the study of primary legal materials, such as laws, legal theories, and legal concepts. This method is analytical and examines the legal norms applicable in laws and regulations. Enforcement of criminal law against corporations in corruption cases is an important aspect in efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. Corporations are responsible for actions taken in their interests. Sanctions imposed on corporations, either in the form of fines or administrative sanctions, are expected to provide a deterrent effect and prevent the recurrence of corruption. Criminal law enforcement against corporations in corruption cases faces various complex and diverse obstacles. These obstacles include the complexity of the corporate organizational structure, difficulty in providing evidence, transfer of responsibility, lack of clear regulations, minimal sanctions imposed.

The development of tourism villages is an effective strategy to support environmental conservation and empower local communities. This study aims to describe the development of Simathani Marurup Tourism Village in Tulungagung Regency based on community empowerment. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, using four tourism village development indicators proposed by Prakoso (2022): setting, management, resources, and benefits, along with community empowerment approaches outlined by Widjajanti (2011). The findings indicate that the village has successfully utilized its geographical and cultural potential, with active community participation in management and partnerships with the government. Empowerment strategies applied include problem-based, need-based, rights-based, and asset-based approaches. The economic impact has begun to emerge, although distribution remains uneven. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating local potential with empowerment approaches to create an inclusive, participatory, and sustainable tourism village. Recommendations focus on strengthening the role of local government in training, funding, and supportive policy formulation.

The 21st century demands the mastery of creative thinking skills that are essential for every individual. At SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo, grade V teachers have implemented creative learning strategies, such as the use of group presentation tasks to train students to face future difficulties. This study aimed to describe the implementation of creative thinking skills of grade V students, specifically related to four important aspects, namely fluency, flexibility, originality and detail. This analysis used a descriptive qualitative methodology, with research respondents including school leaders, grade V educators and students. The data collection strategies applied were interviews, observation, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis prove that the creative skills of grade V students have met the criteria based on four aspects. In the aspect of fluency, most students meet two of the three indicators, namely there are still students who feel reluctant to ask questions when they become an audience. In the aspect of flexibility, students were able to meet two of the three indicators, but some students were not able to classify ideas based on different criteria. All students met the indicators in the aspect of originality, as evidenced by their ability to find unique ideas in group discussions. In the aspect of detail, all indicators were met, as seen from the students' ability to explain in detail and coherently. In conclusion, the creative thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo are very good. However, there are still two indicators that have not been fully achieved, namely shyness to ask questions and difficulty in categorizing ideas based on different criteria. But overall, the implementation of creative thinking skills is very good.

Labor law in Indonesia prioritizes the protection of workers as a primary focus in industrial relations. This protection becomes highly relevant in the context of termination of employment (PHK), particularly in cases where PHK is carried out on the grounds of corporate spin offs. This study aims to analyze the company’s responsibility in fulfilling workers' rights and the legal measures that can be taken to ensure workers' welfare in accordance with Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021. The research method employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical review of primary documents, such as labor-related legislation, and secondary documents related to the PHK process. The analysis reveals that PHK conducted by a company on the basis of a spin off lacks a strong legal foundation if it contradicts the principles of legal certainty and worker protection as stipulated in applicable regulations. In the event that PHK is still carried out, the company is obligated to provide full compensation to workers, including severance pay, service appreciation pay, and rights replacement as outlined in PP 35/2021. Furthermore, workers are advised to pursue their rights through non-litigation, litigation at the Industrial Relations Court, or administrative measures in a step-by-step manner. The implication of these findings underscores the importance of enforcing labor laws to protect workers' rights during corporate restructuring.  

The dissemination of information that cannot be proven true or what is often called fake news is very vulnerable today. In reporting, the press has a responsibility in the event of an objection to a news report. Based on the Press Law, the press is obliged to serve the right of reply and the right of correction to public complaints about press coverage. Regarding fake news in Indonesia, the regulations are contained in the Criminal Code, ITE Law, Broadcasting Law and other laws. This research aims to find out the regulations that become the legal umbrella for victims of fake news perpetrated by the press and the extent to which the press is responsible for fake news in the news. The research method used is a literature study using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.

This study aims to analyze the state's authority in organizing electronic systems related to freedom of expression in the digital world. The development of technology that gives rise to a dilemma between the needs or activities of society and regulations to protect public interests and individual human rights, especially freedom of expression, makes it necessary to have regulations that accommodate both of these things. Through a prescriptive normative legal research method with a statutory approach, through an analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and international human rights instruments, this study examines the state's authority in regulating the implementation of electronic systems that are pro-freedom of expression. The results of the study indicate that the state has the authority to regulate the implementation of electronic systems to determine and enforce restrictions on a person's human rights, which in this case is shown through the ability to terminate access to content. However, the implementation of the provisions that have been in effect has the potential to violate the right to freedom of expression because of the possibility of restrictions on rights that do not meet the principles of legality, legitimate purposes, and proportionality as regulated by laws and regulations, especially the constitution and international human rights standards.

The creation of digital illustrations in children's storybooks plays a crucial role in supporting character education from an early age. This thesis aims to illustrate a children's storybook titled Mencari Robung, published by the Balai Bahasa Sumatera Utara. Mencari Robung is a bilingual story written in Indonesian and Melayu, carrying themes of nature and the environment, with the goal of introducing character values and cultural insights to children.The method used in this illustration creation is digital drawing in a cartoon style using Adobe Photoshop CC 2019. The creative process involves several stages, including literature study, script analysis, initial sketches, coloring, and finalizing the illustrations. The resulting illustrations are expected to effectively communicate the story’s content in a clear, engaging, and easily understandable manner for children. The outcome of this creation is a picture book with high-quality illustrations at a resolution of 300 dpi, which not only enhances the visual appeal but also serves as an effective educational medium. Furthermore, this research is expected to serve as a reference for artists, writers, and academics in developing children's book illustrations that support literacy and character education.

This community service article seeks to enhance the religious literacy and Qur'anic recitation skills (tahsin) of women aged 45 and above in the Aceh Tengah region. The program consists of 90-minute weekly meetings, incorporating 45 minutes of Islamic motivating lectures (tausiyah) and 45 minutes of guided tahsin. This effort employs participatory and reflective methodologies to address the spiritual and technological dimensions of faith practices. Results demonstrate that participants exhibited notable enhancement in their confidence in reading the Qur'an and conveyed a heightened emotional and spiritual connection to Islamic ideals. This program emphasised the significance of accessible, consistent, and compassionate Islamic education for adult learners. The results indicate additional chances for replication in analogous sociocultural environments.