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Shodaqoh in the perspective of Islamic law is a noble act that contains social and spiritual values. In this study, shodaqoh is understood as a gift made sincerely to help others, either in the form of wealth, energy, or attention and without any reward. In the review of Islamic law, shodaqoh is classified into four categories, namely obligatory, sunnah, makruh, and haram. Obligatory shodaqoh applies under certain conditions, such as the obligation to pay zakat or provide assistance to those in dire need. Meanwhile, sunnah shodaqoh is recommended as a form of voluntary kindness, and makruh and haram shodaqoh are related to certain circumstances, such as bad intentions or non-halal sources of wealth. This research uses a normative method with a literature approach, which aims to examine the arguments from the Qur'an and Hadith as well as the views of scholars regarding the principles of shodaqoh management in accordance with Islamic law.

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKN subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Utara through the problem based learning model. The method used in this study is classroom action research (CAR), the subjects of the study were 35 class 12 IPS 1 students. The focus of this study is the learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKn subjects with indicators of student learning success that reach KKM (minimum completion criteria) with a value of 82. The results of the study indicate that the application of the problem based learning model is effective in improving student learning outcomes in PPKn subjects. This increase can be seen from the pre-action stage, only 10 people with a percentage of 28.6% have met the minimum completion criteria (KKM), then in cycle I there were 18 people with a percentage of 51.4%, while in cycle II there were 29 people with a percentage of 82.82% of students have reached KKM. From these results, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model is able to improve student learning outcomes, not only cognitively but also improve critical thinking skills, cooperation, and increase student self-confidence.

The purpose of writing this review article is to analyze the formulation and evaluation of the use of various additives in effervescent tablets. The method used is a literature review taken from journals and other relevant research results regarding the formulation and evaluation of additives in various types of effervescent tablets. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a summary of relevant publications and to improve current understanding in this field. The importance of the formulation and evaluation of additives in effervescent tablets cannot be ignored, because it is a crucial aspect in product development. Decisions in the use of additives must consider the objectives to be achieved, the desired physical characteristics, product stability, and the level of consumer acceptance. With a deep understanding of this formulation and evaluation, we have the potential to produce high-quality effervescent tablets. Variations in additives can also provide different taste and texture characteristics, which of course can affect consumer acceptance.  

The modulation of the structures and electronic properties of transition metal complexes by multi-ligands coordination has been widely exploited to enhance the catalytic efficiency in organic transformations. Here, we present synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes of multidentate ligands- EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The Pd-NHC complex displayed the high catalytic activity for hydrogenation as well as small-molecule activation, up to 450 h⁻¹ of turnover frequency (TOF) and total conversion of styrene to ethylbenzene at room temperature, and is higher efficient than Cu-EDTA (TOF =120 h⁻¹), Ni-Phen (TOF= 85 h⁻¹). The DFT calculation with Pd-NHC system showed that the small HOMO-LUMO gap (3.2 eV) and the short Pd–C bond (1.95 Å) of Pd-NHC, which could facilitate the transfer of the growth species, contributed to the low energy of activation (28 kJ/mol). Mathematical model also discussed its high catalytic activity (TOF/Ea = 16.07 h⁻¹·kJ⁻¹·mol) due to the strong σ-donor ligands and proper geometry. These findings underscore the influence of ligand architecture to secure transition states and modulate electron density in designing efficient sustainable catalysis that is industrially relevant.

The high risk of zoonotic disease transmission in cattle farming environments necessitates effective education to enhance workers' understanding and hygienic behaviors. This study aims to improve workers' awareness and hygienic practices in preventing zoonotic diseases through an outreach program at Manonjaya Farm. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, involving semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The educational activities were conducted interactively using posters, lectures, and demonstrations of the six-step Handwashing with Soap (CTPS) technique. The results indicate an increase in workers' understanding of zoonotic risks, particularly bovine tuberculosis, as well as the importance of maintaining barn cleanliness, regular vaccinations, and the use of personal protective equipment. Furthermore, the CTPS practice successfully enhanced workers’ skills and consistency in implementing hygienic behaviors. Supporting strategies such as the installation of educational posters, distribution of vaccination logbooks, and provision of handwashing soap contributed to the sustainability of behavioral changes. These findings affirm the effectiveness of interactive lectures and demonstrations in improving knowledge and preventive measures against zoonotic diseases within farming communities, aligning with the One Health approach.

The Perintis Lake area in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, faces a growing conflict between tourism investment and environmental conservation. This study aims to analyze the impact of tourism infrastructure development on the lake’s ecosystem, highlight the importance of conservation, and provide strategic recommendations for sustainable tourism development. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research is based on field observations, literature review, and regional policy analysis. Findings show that unregulated investment activities, particularly constructions along the lake's buffer zone, have led to environmental degradation, such as water pollution, habitat loss, and ecological imbalance. Conservation efforts remain fragmented and lack integration into broader development planning. The study recommends the implementation of sustainable spatial planning policies, stricter environmental regulations, and active community involvement. Collaborative governance between local authorities, private investors, and environmental stakeholders is essential to ensure that economic development aligns with ecological preservation. Striking a balance between investment and conservation is key to maintaining Perintis Lake as a resilient ecotourism destination for future generations.

Land degradation due to intensive agricultural practices is a serious issue threatening food security and ecosystem balance. Monoculture farming systems often lead to soil fertility decline, increased erosion, and reduced soil biodiversity. As an alternative, agroforestry has been developed to enhance agricultural productivity without compromising soil health. Agroforestry integrates agricultural crops with trees or other woody plants in a mutually beneficial system. Several studies have shown that agroforestry improves soil organic matter content, retains soil moisture, and reduces erosion and nutrient loss. This study employs a literature review method to analyze the effectiveness of agroforestry in improving soil health and agricultural productivity. Agroforestry has been found to enhance agricultural productivity through crop diversification, efficient land use, and climate change mitigation. Diversification not only strengthens food security but also increases farmers’ income by minimizing crop failure risks and enhancing nutritional value. Additionally, agroforestry optimizes land use by improving yield per unit area and reducing environmental degradation through natural resource conservation. Agroforestry also plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by increasing ecosystem resilience, sequestering carbon, and reducing extreme weather impacts. However, the adoption of agroforestry faces challenges, including a lack of farmers’ knowledge, limited policy support, and varying environmental conditions. Addressing these barriers through improved education, supportive policies, and sustainable resource management can accelerate agroforestry adoption. With broader implementation and strong policy support, agroforestry can drive agricultural sustainability and enhance community well-being.

Exploitation of mineral resources through mining activities in Indonesia provides significant economic benefits, but also causes various negative impacts on the environment and socio-economic life of local communities. This study aims to review the impacts of various types of mining activities such as sand, coal, and gold. Common environmental damages include deforestation, soil erosion, water, soil, and air pollution, and decreased biodiversity. Socio-economically, mining increases social conflict, health problems, and changes in people's livelihoods. Effective management efforts include law enforcement against illegal activities, implementation of reclamation and rehabilitation, application of impact mitigation technology, and active involvement of local communities in environmental management. Consistent implementation of policies and mitigation measures is key to achieving a balance between economic benefits and environmental sustainability.

The digital transformation in Indonesia's land sector is marked by the implementation of electronic land certificates as regulated under Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2021. This policy aims to enhance efficiency and legal certainty in land administration. However, its implementation raises questions regarding the legal strength of electronic certificates and the protection of third parties, particularly good faith purchasers. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal standing of electronic land certificates and the legal protection mechanisms for third parties in land transactions. The findings show that although electronic certificates hold the same legal force as physical certificates, there are still challenges related to data integration and legal safeguards for third parties. Strengthening regulations and the role of notaries/land deed officials (PPAT) is necessary to ensure the validity and legitimacy of electronic certificates and to achieve optimal legal certainty.

This study examines the relationship between the hadith of H.R. Tirmidzi No. 1232 concerning the prohibition of selling goods that are not yet owned with Article 4 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 21/2008 concerning the intermediary function of Islamic banking in Indonesia. With a descriptive-analytical approach with a juridical-normative method, this study reveals significant gaps in the implementation of regulations. While the hadith provides theological guidelines that require actual ownership before the contract, the fragmented regulatory framework results in inconsistent interpretations by the Sharia Supervisory Board in various institutions. Analysis of SINTA indexed journals shows that many Islamic banking products still contain elements of gharar (uncertainty), especially in murabahah contracts with installment payments. This study identifies three main issues: the limited explicit regulation in the DSN-MUI fatwa regarding hybrid contracts, structural challenges in Indonesia's decentralized regulatory approach compared to Malaysia's centralized model, and the gap between theoretical discourse and practical implementation. To strengthen the synergy between religious principles and regulatory mandates, this study recommends harmonization of the regulatory framework, implementation of intensive training for supervisory boards on the contextual background of related hadiths, and development of integrated compliance audits to assess product consistency with hadith guidance and legal requirements.    

Knowledge of fire extinguishers is crucial for enhancing preparedness in the event of a fire, particularly within school environments. This community service activity aims to analyze the knowledge of students at SMAN 4 Surakarta regarding portable fire extinguishers and traditional fire extinguishing tools through an educational approach. The method employed involved a pre-test and post-test design administered to 49 students who participated in a socialization session and a demonstration on the use of fire extinguishers. The results indicated a significant increase in students' knowledge concerning the use of both portable and traditional fire extinguishing tools. This activity not only improved students' understanding but also fostered awareness of the importance of preparedness and individual roles in fire prevention. Direct education combined with practical demonstrations proved to be an effective, engaging, and applicable learning medium. It is hoped that similar programs can be continuously implemented across all schools in Surakarta to cultivate a culture of safety awareness from an early age.

This study aims to find out more specifically about the goals and functions of philosophy in the development of science. This study uses a qualitative approach to the SLR (systematic literature review) method. Literature sources are taken from the Google Scholar database of journals and books. The results of this study are the philosophy of science as an explanation of the existence of science against other sciences that require knowledge as a medium for scientific thinking. Philosophy aims to encourage scientists to study scientific developments. The philosophy of science must be integrated with the development of science in order to realize the function of science, especially moral and intellectual aspects. This is because science is independent or neutral and does not mean good or bad, the development of science also develops the philosophy of science, because the philosophy of science has a role as a manifestation of good scientific ethics. The philosophy of science is very crucial in elaborating on educational values ​​in general and specifically in education, both ontologically, epistemologically, axiologically and anthropologically.

This study aims to examine the implementation of management psychology in effective school management, highlighting the importance of psychological approaches in supporting teacher performance, educational staff welfare, and student engagement. Using a literature study method, data were collected from various academic sources in the last five years and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively to identify concepts, strategies, and the impact of management psychology in educational environments. The results of the study indicate that the application of management psychology principles such as democratic leadership, empathetic communication, and motivational reinforcement can create a conducive work climate, improve teacher performance, and support the effectiveness of overall school management. By understanding the psychological dynamics of individuals in schools, educational institutions can be more adaptive in facing challenges and creating a productive and holistic learning environment.

Kebun strawberry Dzjikho Alahan Panjang merupakan salah satu kawasan  agrowisata yang semakin populer di Sumatera Barat. Keindahan alam pegunungan, suasana sejuk, dan pengalaman unik memetik strawberry langsung dari kebun menjadi daya tarik utama bagi pengunjung. Selain menawarkan pengalaman wisata yang menarik, keberadaan kebun ini juga memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat setempat untuk mengembangkan sektor pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak keberadaan objek wisata kebun strawberry Dzjikho terhadap kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptik kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi pengamatan lapangan, wawancara mendalam terhadap informan kunci, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata di Alahan Panjang memberikan dampak positif terhadap perekonomian masyarakat lokal, menciptakan banyak peluang kerja disektor agrowisata, perdagangan, dan jasa. Pemerintah desa juga mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat melalui pelatihan dan penyuluhan. Kelompok tani dibentuk untuk berbagi ilmu, sementara kegiatan gotong royong rutin dilakukan untuk membersihkan kebun dan area sekitarnya. Kolaborasi ini tidak hanya meningkatkan produktivitas tetapi juga mempererat hubungan antar warga. Namun, dampak negatif seperti polusi dan akulturasi budaya juga menjadi perhatian masyarakat setempat.  Masyarakat Alahan Panjang secara umum menerima perkembangan pariwisata dengan baik, meskipun ada kekhawatiran terkait masuknya budaya asing yang tidak sesuai dengan adat lokal.

Feminism is a movement that fights for equality between men and women in all aspects of life, including social, political, and cultural. As one of the most influential media producers, Disney has long been criticized for presenting female characters in traditional and passive roles. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the feminist elements found in the film and how they reflect the development of gender equality values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data taken directly from the 2025 live-action film Snow White. The analysis is supported by library research and based on Rosemarie Tong’s (2009) feminist theory, which categorizes feminism into eight types. The data is taken from several pictures, dialogues, monologues from Snow White (2025) movie and then analysis done contextually and theoretically. The findings show that the film most strongly reflects liberal feminism (35%), followed by radical and psychoanalytic feminism (24% each), with smaller portions of socialist, existentialist, and ecofeminism. The film presents Snow White not as a passive princess, but as a thoughtful and independent character who questions gender expectations and asserts her own values.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Elementary school children are now growing up in a digital era full of challenges, both in terms of easy access to information and negative impacts such as gadget addiction and decreased social interactions. Character education plays a key role in shaping children's morals, ethics, and responsibility in utilizing technology wisely. This article discusses the urgency of character education, the impact of technology on children's development, and strategies for implementing character education in the digital era.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Elementary school children are now growing up in a digital era full of challenges, both in terms of easy access to information and negative impacts such as gadget addiction and decreased social interactions. Character education plays a key role in shaping children's morals, ethics, and responsibility in utilizing technology wisely. This article discusses the urgency of character education, the impact of technology on children's development, and strategies for implementing character education in the digital era.

This study examines how digital technology can help boost elementary school students’ interest in learning the Indonesian language. As technology continues to influence the way education is delivered, incorporating digital tools into the classroom has become increasingly important. The study examines how interactive learning techniques, including educational games, digital storytelling, and multimedia presentations, can enhance the engagement and enjoyment of language learning for elementary students. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used, with data collected through interviews with both teachers and students, classroom observations, and the review of relevant documents. The results indicate that digital technology significantly contributes to increasing students' motivation, participation, and curiosity. Interactive digital tools foster a more lively and enjoyable learning atmosphere, making it easier for students to grasp and relate to the content. Teachers also reported that students became more active during lessons and demonstrated improved comprehension and vocabulary usage.The study concludes that integrating digital technology into Indonesian language lessons can shift traditional teaching methods toward more student-centered and engaging learning. It is recommended that schools invest in proper digital infrastructure and provide training for teachers to fully benefit from interactive learning approaches  

Adolescent career independence is a crucial aspect in facing the increasingly competitive world of work. This article discusses the role of education and environment in shaping adolescent career independence. Education, both formal and non-formal, provides the foundation of skills and knowledge needed to enter the world of work. On the other hand, the environment, including family, peers, and social communities, plays a role in shaping adolescents' mindsets, values, and motivations in planning their future. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore the factors that influence adolescent career independence. The results show that quality education, effective career guidance, and positive environmental support contribute greatly to increasing adolescent readiness to make career decisions independently. In conclusion, collaboration between education, family, and society is key to building a young generation that is independent and ready to face the challenges of the world of work.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to describe and analyze politeness in language between characters and then describe the problem as a meaning or new information through the Maxims of content in the Novel Suluh Rindu. The data source for this research is to know the contents of the Novel Suluh Rindu, namely there are 6, then the data collection technique in this research uses reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show 1) The wisdom Maxim (tax Maxim) 2) Generosity Maxim  3) Approbation Maxim contained 4) The Modesty Maxim 5) The sympathy Maxim contained in the novel Suluh Miss by Habiburrahman El Shirazy means that in this 6) The Maxim of Agreement (agremeent Maxim) contained in the novel suluh longing by Habiburrahman El Shirazy means that in this novel it functions as a reminder of the importance of tolerance and respect for differences of opinion. By agreeing with other people's opinions and beliefs, we can show that we respect them.