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The manufacturing industry continues to develop quality to improve productivity and business sustainability. One method commonly used in metal surface treatment is the anodizing process. One of these industries is the electroplating industry which uses chemicals as aluminum dyes that damage the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using natural dyes turmeric, dragon fruit, and pandan leaves as coloring materials in the anodizing process of bicycle components on their hardness. The specimen used in this study is 1100 aluminum. The results showed that the highest hardness value using dragon fruit natural dye was 204.775 VHN.

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family known for its green star-shaped fruit and brown seeds. This plant has high nutritional value and significant antioxidant activity (Nuha and Sriwidodo 2022). This study aims to identify secondary metabolite compounds and determine the total phenolic content of the methanol extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo leaves. The samples were extracted using the maceration method, then phytochemical tests and total phenolic content analysis were carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Sari et al. 2021). The results of the phytochemical test showed that the methanol extract of sacha inchi leaves contained secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The total phenolic content obtained from the extract was 19.94%, which indicates the potential for high antioxidant activity. The results of this study indicate that sacha inchi leaves have the potential to be developed as a source of natural bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health.

This study aims to analyze students’ conceptual understanding of hydrocarbons through a literature review utilizing the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument. Hydrocarbons are a fundamental topic in chemistry education that often leads to student misconceptions. The three-tier diagnostic instrument is designed not only to assess students’ cognitive knowledge through correct or incorrect answers but also to explore the reasoning behind their choices, enabling more accurate identification of misconceptions and conceptual understanding. The methodology employed is a literature review examining various scientific sources on the application of this diagnostic tool in teaching hydrocarbon concepts. The findings indicate that the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument is effective in systematically detecting and classifying students’ difficulties and misconceptions. Furthermore, the use of this instrument contributes significantly to developing targeted and data-driven instructional strategies to enhance students’ conceptual mastery in chemistry. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating three-tier diagnostic instruments in the assessment process to support optimal learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material.

This study aims to determine the level of validity of Augmented Reality (AR)-based chemistry learning media using the Assemblr Edu platform on hydrocarbon material. This learning media was developed through the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Validation was carried out by three experts using an instrument in the form of a validation media sheet that includes aspects of content, visual appearance, interactivity, and suitability with learning objectives. The validation results showed that the developed learning media obtained a validity score of 96.39% and was included in the "very valid" category. This shows that the media is suitable for use in the chemistry learning process at the high school level, especially on the topic of hydrocarbons. With AR technology, this media is expected to improve students' conceptual understanding visually and interactively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that this media is effective and valid as a means of supporting innovative modern chemistry learning.

Human rights must be weighed against the state's interests, especially in a multicultural society. The concept of multicultural citizenship often conflicts with state policy priorities they defense of personal liberties. The state must recognize and protect cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Inversely proportional, social stability and national integration are top priorities. This study examines different theories of citizenship, the fundamentals of the rule of law, as well as the  problem of managing diversity in a democratic legal system. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study to examine policies and regulations related to multicultural citizenship in Indonesia and how they impact human rights and national interests. The results show that despite regulations that assist inclusion, the application of  anti-discrimination and the use of  policies is still difficult. Therefore, to accept diversity without sacrificing human rights or national interests, more equitable, inclusive, and flexible policies are needed.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of natural science laboratory management in improving the quality of practicums in senior high schools. This study uses a literature review approach by examining various academic sources related to laboratory management. The results of the analysis indicate that effective laboratory management includes five main strategies, namely management of equipment, materials, data, laboratory personnel training, and cost budgeting. The success of implementing this strategy depends on the implementation of supporting factors such as work safety, infrastructure quality, personnel capabilities and excellent data management systems. However, there are still many obstacles, including limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of professionals, inadequate budgets, and optimal planning and implementation of practices. Comprehensive improvements in laboratory management are expected to enable learning science to be implemented in a more optimal and sustainable manner.

This article aims to understand the concept of energy sources from an early age in order to increase their awareness of energy use and conservation. However, science learning in elementary schools (SD) often faces problems in delivering complex and abstract materials. This study investigates various innovations in science learning, especially those related to energy sources. In this study, we review the literature on various creative methods for learning, including the use of game media, blended learning, and interactive game tools. The results show that the implementation of these innovations can improve students' desire to learn and their learning outcomes. Therefore, science learning at the elementary level can be assisted by the integration of technology and appropriate learning approaches.

When making a decision to purchase a motorcycle, it is necessary to consider several criteria. These include price, environmental impact, fuel consumption, design and technology, performance and power, availability of spare parts, after-sales service, warranty on spare parts and distance to the nearest service centre. This research aims to help consumers make informed decisions when buying motorbikes by using the Multi-Objective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method. The MOORA method was selected because it can handle many criteria efficiently and simply, and produce very objective decisions. Nine criteria were used with four alternatives: motor A, motor B, motor C and motor D. The MOORA calculation results ranked motor C as the highest with a value of 1.90, motor B as the second highest with a value of 1.77, motor A as the third highest with a value of 1.25 and motor D as the fourth highest with a value of 1.20. This research proves that the MOORA method can effectively and accurately provide recommendations for making decisions about purchasing motorbikes with many criteria.

Immunization is the basis for effective disease prevention in children under the age of five to protect a person from dangerous diseases before coming into contact with disease-causing agents, Efforts to actively increase a person's immunity to a disease so that if one day they will get sick or only experience mild illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between Completeness of Basic Immunization and Children Aged 1-5 Years in Sukomulyo Village. This study uses the Correlational Analytical method using the Cross-sectional approach where data collection is only carried out at one time or once. The sample is some children aged 1-5 years, totaling 137 using the Random Sampling Technique. The instrument used is the KIA book record. The results of this study indicate that the status of completeness of basic immunization in Sukomulyo village is mostly complete (33.8%), and the health status of children in Sukomulyo village is mostly sick (50.4%). based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, which means that there is a Relationship between Completeness of Basic Immunization and the Health of Children Aged 1-5 Years in Sukomulyo Village. Advice for people who have children to carry out complete basic immunization so that they know the importance of children's health and the knowledge of mothers in immunizing their children.

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. Bioplastics, particularly those derived from corn starch, offer a promising alternative because of their biodegradability and renewable origin. This article presents a narrative review analyzing the effects of various additives on the characteristics of corn starch-based bioplastics, including tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability. The review focuses on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025.  Three types of additives were examined: cellulose fibers, graphene oxide (GO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results show that the combination of starch and PVA with glycerol yields the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength (1.8 MPa), moderate water resistance 60%, and rapid biodegradation within 6–10 days. While cellulose improves mechanical properties, it tends to slow down the degradation rate. GO provides only slight enhancements in mechanical and water-resistant properties. Overall, the starch–PVA blend appears to be the most promising formulation for developing eco-friendly and applicable bioplastics in the future.

The advancement of information technology has driven companies to adopt technology-based systems to enhance operational efficiency while also increasing the complexity of information security risks. This study aims to analyse risk factors associated with information security assets, identify potential threats, assess risks, and provide mitigation recommendations. The OCTAVE method was applied to identify threats, vulnerabilities, and critical information technology assets, while FMEA was used to determine risk mitigation priorities based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The mitigation recommendations were developed in accordance with ISO 27001:2022 standards. Data collection was conducted through interviews with XYZ company representatives, identifying 34 information security asset risks, including 6 hardware failure potentials, 6 software failure potentials, 14 data failure potentials, 4 human resource failure potentials, and 4 network failure potentials. The risk categorisation results revealed 5 high-level risks, 6 moderate-level risks, 20 low-level risks, and 3 very low-level risks. The mitigation recommendations include three ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clauses: Human Resource Controls, Physical Controls, and Information Technology Controls.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that makes the body lose its ability to produce insulin or begin to use it less efficiently leading to high blood sugar. Without proper treatment, over time, this disease can lead to more serious health problems such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Early detection and prevention are crucial in mitigating these risks. This study focuses on conducting an early screening for diabetes among high school students at SMA Negeri 1 Palu. Additionally, this activity aims to educate students at SMA Negeri 1 Palu on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle by managing their sugar intake according to daily caloric needs. The program utilized an interactive educational approach, incorporating demonstration tools and discussions to enhance engagement and understanding. A total of 68 students participated in this initiative which was evaluated through a final assessment measuring knowledge improvement and awareness of diabetes prevention.

Cemani Village, Grogol District, Sukoharjo, has great potential to be developed as an agrotourism destination, thanks to its fertile land and strong community support. However, the development of the agricultural sector, particularly orchard, remains limited. This community service program aims to empower women through the Farmers Women’s Group (KWT) and PKK, with focus on food security through urban farming. Activities include extension of superior seed planting, training in horticultural cultivation techniques, and distribution of seeds to the community. The program also introduces the concept of agrotourism to boost income through harvests and educational tours. The results show an increased understanding of sustainable cultivation techniques. To ensure the program's sustainability, further training, infrastructure development, and routine monitoring are required, along with collaboration between the village government, universities, and BUMDes to establish Cemani Village as a model of agrotourism destination.

English language learning in vocational schools aims to provide students with language skills that can maximally support the competence of the specific field of expertise that students have. However, English teaching in many vocational schools, such as the Bali Medika Health Vocational School, is not designed as English for Specific Purposes (ESP), thus found to be insufficient to equip students to communicate using English in their target career. In addition, the teachers at this school revealed that it is difficult to find the kind of activities that can be organized to make learning English interesting and to choose material that is suitable to the needs of students as a future nurse assistant. Therefore, an innovative learning activity is needed to assist teachers in delivering teaching material that is suitable and relevant to the student’s target career. Learning through games such as word grouping and whispering was organized in the class to teach students the specialized nursing vocabulary. At the evaluation, students reported that learning nursing vocabulary through word-grouping and whispering activities was fun, and they could understand the material well. The learning activities helped them enrich their nursing vocabularies and they were very satisfied with the English learning in this program. Keywords: ESP, games, nursing vocabulary, word-grouping, whispering.

Sri Mersing Beach is a beach located in Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, which has a tourist destination with great potential because of its natural beauty, white sand, and local wisdom that is still preserved. This study aims to identify supporting factors in the development of the Sri Mersing beach tourism area through a qualitative approach, with data collection methods in the form of literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the development of Sri Mersing Beach is influenced by five main aspects, namely attractions, accessibility, facilities (amenities), institutions (ancillary), and hospitality. The presence of appropriate infrastructure, biodiversity, and active participation of local communities will provide important capital for the development of sustainable tourism. However, several challenges such as improving the quality of road access and optimizing agency management must continue to be addressed. This recommends joint and sustainable management to maintain a balance between environmental protection and local economic growth.

This research addresses skin abnormalities in acne-prone individuals by exploring the effectiveness of natural face masks as preventive care. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of a face mask made from guava leaves and rice flour, applied once every seven days over a two-month period. The study adopts a quasi-experimental approach using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, with participants selected from the 2020 cohort of Universitas Negeri Padang through purposive sampling. Data were collected via observation, documentation, and assessment sheets, and analyzed using Normality, Homogeneity, and Hypothesis Tests. The Normality Test results indicate that the data is normally distributed, as the significance (Sig.) values for all indicators—color (0.200), shape (0.082), volume (0.109), and amount (0.082)—are above the alpha value of 0.05. Similarly, the Homogeneity Test shows significance values greater than 0.05 for all indicators, confirming that the data is homogeneous. The Hypothesis Test, conducted using a T-test, reveals significant differences between the control and treatment groups, with p-values below 0.05 for all indicators: color (<0.001), shape (0.002), volume (0.003), and amount (0.008). These findings lead to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha), indicating a significant effect of the guava leaf and rice flour face mask treatment on acne-prone skin. In conclusion, the study confirms that the treatment group (X2) experienced significant improvements compared to the control group (X1).

This study highlights the paradigmatic shift in human resource management (HRM) in response to the complexities of globalization. Globalization has not only expanded the geographical scope of business but also reconfigured demands for competencies, technology, and cultural dynamics within organizations. Using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, this article examines adaptive HRM strategies focused on three pillars: (1) developing global competencies through cross-cultural training and digital literacy, (2) integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) in recruitment and performance evaluation, and (3) managing cultural diversity to create an inclusive work ecosystem. Analytical findings reveal that organizations with holistic HRM approaches combining strategic agility, investment in employee upskilling, and data-driven systems tend to excel in mitigating risks of global market disruptions. Critical insights emphasize that success relies not only on technology adoption but also on managerial capabilities to address cultural conflicts and facilitate cross-border collaboration. The research concludes that strategic HRM serves as a driver of organizational innovation and sustainability, with practical recommendations for companies to develop evidence-based HRM frameworks aligned with global trends. 

This study aims to evaluate the long-run and short-run relationship between the Islamic capital market and Islamic banking on Indonesia's economic growth over the period 2013-2023. Using a quantitative approach and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method, this study analyzes the dynamics between these variables. The data used includes the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI), Islamic bonds, Islamic banking third-party funds (DPK), non-performing financing (NPF), and real gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of economic growth. The analysis shows that in the long run, both the Islamic capital market and Islamic banking contribute significantly to economic growth. However, in the short term, only a few variables show a significant effect. These findings confirm the strategic role of the Islamic financial sector in supporting sustainable economic growth, as well as the importance of strengthening and developing Islamic instruments to support national economic stability and progress.

Qawaid Fiqhiyyah is an Islamic legal principle that serves as a guideline for establishing rulings based on applicable principles in various fiqh issues. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Qawaid Fiqhiyyah and the Islamic legislation process (tasyri’), as well as its urgency in the Islamic legal system. This research employs a normative method with a qualitative approach, referring to primary legal sources such as the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as the opinions of scholars from various schools of thought. The results indicate that Qawaid Fiqhiyyah plays a strategic role in ensuring legal certainty and flexibility in the application of Islamic law, making it a foundation for contemporary Islamic legislation. These findings affirm that an understanding of fiqh principles can enrich legal decision-making in a more contextual manner.