The research that has been conducted titled "The Influence of Model Project Based Learning On Skills to Write Biography of Class X State High School Text" which is motivated that the low motivation and ability of students to write, especially in writing biographies. And the dominant method of lectures in the learning process. The method used is quantitative with a quae-experimental design in the form of pre-test and post-tests with a sample of 35 class X-1 and 35 students from class X-2. Data collection techniques with written tests, observations, documentation, and questionnaire. The results stated that (1) there is an increase in post-test results in the experiment class compared to the control class, (2) the average post-test value of experimental class students higher than the post-test student values, (3) The use of the media-based PjBL model has a positive impact on the biography text skills. Thus, the model Project Based Learning terbuktif is effective in improving the skills of biography text writing.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in improving accounting learning outcomes for Vocational High School (SMK) students. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method based on literature study. Data were obtained through a comprehensive analysis of various relevant scientific articles regarding the application of PjBL in accounting learning in SMK. The literature review shows that PjBL consistently provides a significant positive effect on improving student learning outcomes, both in cognitive and psychomotor aspects. This model encourages active student participation through contextual, collaborative, and problem-solving-based project work. Various studies have reported an increase in student average grades and classical learning completion rates after the implementation of PjBL. In addition, important skills such as critical thinking, communication, and teamwork skills also increase. The implementation of PjBL is an effective innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of vocational education, especially in the field of accounting, because it is able to improve learning outcomes and develop various student skills.

This study explores the representation of adolescent trauma through the character of Hannah Baker in Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a psychological literary analysis approach, the research applies Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and the concept of complex trauma to investigate how environmental systems contribute to psychological deterioration. The analysis identifies five levels microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem that each fail to provide the support Hannah needs, ultimately leading to her emotional collapse. Key findings reveal that direct peer betrayal, institutional neglect, weak family-school communication, cultural normalization of victim-blaming, and cumulative unresolved trauma collectively influence the protagonist's declining mental health. The study demonstrates that trauma in adolescence is rarely the result of a single incident but rather the accumulation of systemic failures over time. The findings imply that educational institutions and communities must adopt trauma-informed frameworks and foster empathetic, interconnected support systems to protect vulnerable youth.

Doa Ibu Rice Agent Shop is a business that focuses on food processing production, especially rice production. However, the sales system at rice agent shops still uses traditional methods. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to design website-based e-commerce that has effective user interaction with the use of e-commerce features that are easy to use and understood by users.  The data collection methods used in this research are interviews, observation, documentation, literature study and questionnaires. Meanwhile, the system development method created is using a prototype. The results of this research are in the form of a website-based e-commerce website at the Ibu Tambaksari Kidul Doa Rice Agent Store. Based on the results of a questionnaire to 10 respondents, the percentage of 78.4% was in the "agree" interval scale, so it can be concluded that the website created was in accordance with what was expected.

Menjamurnya pinjaman online berbasis masyarakat telah mendorong inisiatif PkM, namun pemahaman anggota masyarakat terhadap pinjaman tersebut masih tertinggal.  Karena itu, banyak individu, bahkan anggota PKK, terikat dengan pinjaman online mereka.  Mengedukasi para ibu PKK tentang pro dan kontra fintech menjadi tujuan lain dari program ini.  Pendekatan individu terhadap pengelolaan uang hanyalah salah satu bidang yang telah dipengaruhi oleh menjamurnya internet dan bentuk teknologi informasi lainnya.  Sebuah alternatif dari prosedur yang memakan waktu dan rumit yang sering dikaitkan dengan mengajukan pinjaman di bank tradisional, aplikasi pinjaman online baru-baru ini muncul.  Banyak yang tertarik pada layanan ini, terutama mereka yang sangat membutuhkan keuangan, karena persetujuannya yang cepat, akses yang mudah, dan tidak adanya kriteria.  Dengan terlibat dalam kegiatan sosial, para ibu PKK dapat belajar tentang pinjaman internet dan cara menggunakan aplikasi ponsel cerdas dengan aman, sehingga mengurangi kemungkinan mereka mengalami masalah.

The lack of integration between science and local wisdom in science education remains a challenge in developing students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy. This study aims to analyze the effect of STEM-based science learning integrated with ethnoscience on critical thinking skills and cultural literacy of elementary school students. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. Samples were selected purposively and consisted of experimental and control groups. The instruments used include a critical thinking skills test and a cultural literacy questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant difference in posttest scores between the experimental and control groups, with a significance value of 0.000 <0.005. The average difference was 19.78 points for critical thinking skills (81.14 - 61.36) and 16.86 points for cultural literacy (82.50 - 65.64). This finding suggests that integrating STEM-based science learning with ethnoscience can significantly enhance students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy. The novelty of this study lies in the learning approach that combines the STEM framework with local ethnoscience values, providing an innovative alternative for shaping students who think reflectively while developing cultural awareness from an early age.

This study aims to examine the legal challenges in consumer protection concerning Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based products in the digital era. Using a literature review method, the research analyzes relevant legal sources such as scholarly journals, legal textbooks, and applicable legislation in Indonesia. The findings reveal that the rapid development of AI technology has not been matched by adequate regulatory frameworks, resulting in several legal issues. These include the absence of specific provisions governing AI service providers' liability, weak personal data protection, and the lack of corrective mechanisms for automated decisions made by AI systems. In this context, consumers are in a vulnerable position due to limited access to algorithmic transparency and data processing procedures. The study emphasizes the need for progressive and responsive legal reform, including the legal recognition of AI as electronic agents, enhanced transparency, and the establishment of robust oversight and accountability systems. Consumer protection in the digital age requires collaborative efforts between regulators, business actors, and civil society to build a fair, secure, and legally just digital ecosystem.

The rapid evolution of Generative AI has opened up numerous possibilities to enhance organizational decision-making through improved operational efficiency, innovation, and data analysis accuracy. However, companies in developing countries face challenges such as underdeveloped digital infrastructure, labor shortages, data security risks, and regulatory uncertainty. These factors create a gap between theoretical benefits and practical implementation. This study explores opportunities, key risks, and organizational readiness for Generative AI adoption in business decision-making within developing countries. Using a mixed-method sequential design, phase I involved a quantitative survey of 120 companies across five nations, while phase II included interviews with 15 key informants. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and NVivo, with interactive visualization aiding in framework development. Findings indicate that Generative AI could improve decision-making efficiency by 89% and reduce operational costs by 15%. Top risks include data security (score: 4.41) and regulatory ambiguity (score: 4.27). Organizational readiness was high in managerial support (score: 4.01) but low in internal regulation (score: 3.67). The proposed Strategic Generative AI Adoption Framework integrates innovation diffusion, risk management, and readiness, offering practical insights for adaptive AI adoption in developing countries.

Generally, students stated that the concepts in physics, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration, are difficult to understand. This causes low student motivation and learning outcomes. In order to increase student motivation, understanding of concepts, and learning outcomes, it is necessary to use visual media so that learning is active and enjoyable. The use of visual media, one of which is education game-based learning media, is very helpful for students in understanding physics concepts, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. The purpose of this study was to determine the study of the use of visual media based on education games that can improve students' understanding of the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. This research method uses the library research method. The form of research uses literature studies with qualitative data acquisition. To obtain data using two databases, namely Google Scholar and Sinta, with document analysis first carried out to identify relevant literature studies. Based on the results of the preliminary study conducted, it was obtained that the use of visual media based on education games is good and flexible. With the use of visual media based on education games, students find it easier to understand the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. In addition, it makes it easier for teachers to carry out learning activities. Learning is more interesting, students are more motivated so that students' understanding, abilities, and learning outcomes increase.

The development of halal tourism in Indonesia continues to accelerate along with increasing awareness of halal lifestyles and support from government policies. However, its implementation in plural areas such as Bali, Lake Toba, and Labuan Bajo often causes social resistance due to symbolic and non-contextual approaches. This study aims to evaluate the tension between welfare and potential marginalization in the implementation of halal tourism, using the perspective of maq??id shari'ah as the main analytical framework. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach, through a review of scientific literature, policy documents, and public opinion from online media. The research findings show that halal tourism in homogeneous areas such as Lombok has succeeded in presenting welfare through a participatory approach that strengthens the values ??of ?if? al-d?n and ?if? al-m?l. Conversely, in plural areas, policies that do not involve local communities actually risk disrupting ?if? al-nafs and ?if? al-‘ir?. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of an ethical-participatory approach in developing halal tourism in order to comply with the principle of maq??idik justice. Therefore, the use of the term “Muslim-friendly tourism” and cross-community involvement are recommended in order to create social harmony and economic sustainability in plural societies.