Traditional medicine has been trusted for generations as an effective remedy for various health conditions and is widely recognized for its safety when compared to synthetic pharmaceuticals. One of the main reasons individuals choose herbal medicines is their relative affordability and the perception that they are free from harmful chemical additives. However, recent public warnings issued between 2020 and 2025 have revealed the presence of hazardous medicinal chemicals (Bahan Kimia Obat/BKO) such as sildenafil citrate and caffeine in some stamina-enhancing herbal products. This study aims to develop and validate an analytical method using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) coupled with densitometry for the detection of sildenafil citrate and caffeine in herbal medicines. The method was chosen due to its simplicity, low operational cost, and ability to effectively separate these two compounds. A category II validation was performed to determine the presence of impurities, with a focus on parameters including selectivity and the Limit of Detection (LOD). The mobile phase employed was a combination of chloroform and ethanol (9.5:0.5 v/v), and detection was carried out at 254 nm using a densitometer. The TLC results showed that sildenafil citrate and caffeine had Rf values of 0.32 and 0.52, respectively, with a resolution (Rs) of 2, indicating a good separation. The LOD for sildenafil citrate was 8.5418 ?l/ml (0.0854 mg per 600 mg sample), while the LOD for caffeine was 4.7987 ?l/ml (0.0959 mg per 600 mg sample). These findings highlight the importance of routine quality control testing to ensure the safety and authenticity of herbal medicines in the market.

Menjamurnya pinjaman online berbasis masyarakat telah mendorong inisiatif PkM, namun pemahaman anggota masyarakat terhadap pinjaman tersebut masih tertinggal.  Karena itu, banyak individu, bahkan anggota PKK, terikat dengan pinjaman online mereka.  Mengedukasi para ibu PKK tentang pro dan kontra fintech menjadi tujuan lain dari program ini.  Pendekatan individu terhadap pengelolaan uang hanyalah salah satu bidang yang telah dipengaruhi oleh menjamurnya internet dan bentuk teknologi informasi lainnya.  Sebuah alternatif dari prosedur yang memakan waktu dan rumit yang sering dikaitkan dengan mengajukan pinjaman di bank tradisional, aplikasi pinjaman online baru-baru ini muncul.  Banyak yang tertarik pada layanan ini, terutama mereka yang sangat membutuhkan keuangan, karena persetujuannya yang cepat, akses yang mudah, dan tidak adanya kriteria.  Dengan terlibat dalam kegiatan sosial, para ibu PKK dapat belajar tentang pinjaman internet dan cara menggunakan aplikasi ponsel cerdas dengan aman, sehingga mengurangi kemungkinan mereka mengalami masalah.

Train transportation is one of the most popular forms of transportation among Indonesians. One of the advantages of train transportation is that affordable prices and relatively faster travel times are one of the factors that make this transportation so popular with the public. As one of the public transportation companies that is quite popular with the public, PT Kereta Api Indonesia always strives to provide the best service to meet the needs of its users. Therefore, PT Kereta Api Indonesia provides website services that can be accessed by users. The WEBQEM method is one method to determine the quality of a website from the assessment of its users. The WEBQEM method includes an assessment of the characteristics of Usability, Functionality, Reliability, and Efficiency. The results of the study obtained the results of several factors that according to website users need to be improved such as users disagree if users who only occasionally use the PT K.A.I website will like to use the PT K.A.I website.

This socialization activity aims to enhance students' understanding of business planning, particularly in the acrylic flower board decoration industry. The main problem faced by the community partners, who are aspiring student entrepreneurs, is the lack of practical and theoretical knowledge in designing comprehensive and applicable business plans. The proposed solution is integrated training that includes basic business planning theory, marketing strategy, financial analysis, and hands-on simulation focused on creative products. The methods used in this activity involve a combination of material presentations, group discussions, and direct practice in preparing business plans using the acrylic flower board as a case study. The results of the activity indicate a significant increase in students’ interest, understanding, and skills in the business planning process, as evidenced by higher evaluation scores before and after the training.This socialization activity aims to enhance students' understanding of business planning, particularly in the acrylic flower board decoration industry. The main problem faced by the community partners, who are aspiring student entrepreneurs, is the lack of practical and theoretical knowledge in designing comprehensive and applicable business plans. The proposed solution is integrated training that includes basic business planning theory, marketing strategy, financial analysis, and hands-on simulation focused on creative products. The methods used in this activity involve a combination of material presentations, group discussions, and direct practice in preparing business plans using the acrylic flower board as a case study. The results of the activity indicate a significant increase in students’ interest, understanding, and skills in the business planning process, as evidenced by higher evaluation scores before and after the training. 

Study This analyze the role of Waqf Bank Micro (BWM) in increase performance of MSMEs in Surabaya, with capitalization as variable mediation . Focus main covers access financing , human resource development, and literacy finance, using approach quantitative through survey against 90 MSME actors fostered by BWM Al- Fithrah Wava Mandiri . Analysis using SEM with SmartPLS 4.0 shows that third variable influential significant to performance of MSMEs, both in a way direct and through capitalization . Capitalization become the most dominant mediator ( coefficient 0.581; p-value 0.000). Findings This confirm role BWM doubles as institution financing and empowerment . In theoretical , results This support theory Resource-Based View (RBV) and its importance financing accompanied by strengthening capacity business in a way holistic.

Tax is one of the main sources of revenue in the implementation of the economy in Indonesia. The obligation to pay taxes is following the law but is not in line with the company's main goal of maximizing profits, so companies tend to minimize their tax obligations. The company's action of carrying out tax planning to minimize tax obligations is called tax aggressiveness. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence tax aggressiveness in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. These factors are corporate social responsibility, company size, transfer pricing, and sales growth. The population in this research is all energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The data source used is secondary data in the form of financial reports and sustainability reports. The sampling method used purposive sampling method which resulted in a total sample of 14 companies and a total of 56 data. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with classical assumption testing including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The research results conclude that corporate social responsibility and company size have an effect on tax aggressiveness. Meanwhile, transfer pricing and sales growth have no influence on tax aggressiveness.

The social identity of the Osing indigenous youth in Banyuwangi faces major challenges due to the influence of globalization that often affects local culture. This study aims to explore the role of traditional schools as a political identity space in shaping and reflecting the social identity of Osing youth. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores the experiences of youth in their involvement in the Pesinau traditional school. The findings show that traditional schools function not only as a place to preserve local cultural values, but also as a forum for building collective awareness, strengthening identity, and becoming a cultural protection from global domination. Identity as Osing youth is not obtained automatically, but is formed through a process of reflection, active participation, and negotiation of meaning in daily cultural activities. Traditional schools support the transformation of local values into adaptive contemporary expressions through the use of digital media, art, and education that are appropriate to the context. In this way, traditional schools play an important role as institutions in maintaining the continuity of cultural identity while creating innovative spaces for indigenous youth to face the challenges of the modern era.

This study aims to compare two main theories in modern cosmology, namely the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory, using a descriptive cosmographic approach. This study is motivated by the lack of deep understanding as well as the limited Indonesian literature discussing the fundamental differences between the two theories. By employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research examines the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each theory based on the latest scientific evidence and cosmographic perspectives. The analysis results show that the Big Bang Theory has strong support from observational evidence, such as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), galaxy redshift, and the distribution of light elements, which reinforces the narrative of the expansion and evolution of the universe. In contrast, the Steady State Theory is considered less relevant due to the absence of observational evidence for the creation of new matter and its inability to explain structure and the dynamics of the universe that are currently observed.

This community service program aims to educate village residents on the importance of waste separation and processing, implement simple circular economy-based technologies, and establish a community-based waste management system. A participatory approach is carried out through awareness campaigns and training on household-level waste sorting, environmental campaigns through schools, communities, and social media, as well as incentive programs for residents actively involved in waste management, such as waste bank initiatives. The outcomes of this program are expected to create a cleaner and healthier village environment, improve the community’s economic well-being, and support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the program is intended to serve as a replicable model for waste management in other regions with similar characteristics.

This study aims to examine the potential and challenges of utilizing Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Medan City, which is geographically located near the equator and receives high exposure to sunlight throughout the year. The method used is a literature review with a narrative review approach that analyzes secondary data from various journals and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Medan City has an average annual horizontal global solar radiation intensity of 463.61 W/m², with the potential for electrical power that can be generated from rooftop solar panels reaching 748.57 MW (monocrystalline), 598.85 MW (polycrystalline), and 299.43 MW (thin film). This potential is comparable to the capacity of large-scale power plants. The use of PLTS contributes to reducing carbon emissions, increasing energy security, creating jobs, and developing the local economy. However, challenges such as high installation costs, limited suitability of roof structures, and low public awareness are still major obstacles in the implementation of this technology. Therefore, synergy is needed between government policies, public education, and technological innovation to optimize the use of solar energy in urban areas such as Medan.