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The cassation legal effort has a high urgency in the Indonesian civil justice system as a corrective mechanism for errors in the application of law and an instrument to ensure uniformity of national law. The relevance of this topic is increasing along with the large number of cassation cases submitted to the Supreme Court (MA) and has the potential to hamper the legal function of the highest judicial institution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of cassation in civil cases and identify various obstacles that affect its implementation. This study uses a normative legal method with a regulatory approach and case studies supported by a literature study of laws and regulations, court decisions, and appropriate legal literature. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of cassation is hampered by a combination of internal factors, such as excessive caseloads and limitations of the MA information system, as well as external factors such as weak legal understanding of the parties, declining quality of previous court decisions, and misuse of cassation as a litigation strategy. This study concludes that structural reform and increased capacity of judicial actors are needed, as well as strengthening of civil procedural law norms in order to clarify the role of cassation as a tester of the application of law, not a forum for objections to facts. This study contributes to the discourse on judicial reform and opens up opportunities for further research with empirical and comparative legal system approaches.

This research discusses "The Dynamics of Agrarian Conflicts: Political Perspectives of Land Rights (Case Study of the Conflict Between PT. Swarna Cinde Raya with residents of Pangkalan Benteng Village, Talang Kelapa District, Banyuasin Regency)''. It aims to find out the causes and development of the dynamics of agrarian conflicts between the residents of Pangkalan Benteng Village and PT Swarna Cinde Raya. The research method used was qualitative. With primary data, namely residents of Pangkalan Benteng village, Banyuasin Regency. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that first. The agrarian conflict between the residents of Pangkalan Benteng Village and PT Swarna Cinde Raya occurred due to overlapping land claims, land evictions by the company, and the slow response of the government and law enforcement. The main causes are ownership disputes, human rights violations, and lack of transparency in the resolution of cases by the authorities. Second,  the agrarian conflict between the residents of Pangkalan Benteng Village and PT Swarna Cinde Raya (PT SCR) has been going on since 2009. PT SCR claims that the 200 hectares of land managed by residents for generations has now been reduced to 80 hectares. The company put up prohibition signs based on the Agrarian Cases Law, causing intimidation and uncertainty for residents. Residents feel that their rights have been deprived, suffered losses due to evictions, and have received a slow response from the government and law enforcement. South Sumatra's Ministry of Law and Human Rights recommends a settlement through legal channels, but the slow and lack of transparency creates public distrust and risks escalating conflicts. This conflict reflects structural problems of agrarian management in Indonesia, such as power imbalances, overlapping regulations, and weak protection of indigenous peoples' rights. A just settlement must prioritize transparency, community participation, and respect for human rights so that conflicts do not spread.

Long-distance marriages are increasingly common due to economic and work demands. This presents challenges in maintaining the commitment of married couples. This study aims to describe the nature of marriage commitment in long-distance relationships, examining it from personal, moral, and structural perspectives. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants were married couples in long-distance marriages. The results show that couples in long-distance marriages still have a strong commitment. The personal commitment aspect is reflected in the intensity of communication, maintained love and attraction, and is identified as a couple that is internalized in each other. The moral aspect shows from ethical awareness and cultural and religious values that strengthen responsibility towards partners. Meanwhile, structural commitment is identified through the presence of children, financial responsibility, and external obstacles that support maintaining the relationship. The psychological dynamics of couples are characterized by the ability to regulate emotions, cognitive adjustment to distance, and strong intrinsic motivation. These findings suggest that marital commitment can be maintained in long-distance marriages if supported by shared awareness, quality communication, and strong shared values.

Study This aiming For know How perception student to skills teaching history teacher at SMK TI Labbaika Samarinda , type research used that is Qualitative descriptive with technique observation data collection , interviews And documentation , focus study focus on perception student onskills open And closing skills manage class , skills explain , skills give strengthening , skills ask , skills guide group , skills stage variations. Results study show that perception student about skills teaching teachers, has in accordance with skill indicators teach teacher. History teachers are rated capable convey material with clear in manage class with Good give strengthening And motivation to student as well as create atmosphere learning is fun , but There is things that need to be fixed on skills stage variations of learning media used , there are Lots media types and methods that can used in the learning process of history teachers can using different media different for students No fed up And bored during the learning process.

This classroom action research aims to improve students' memory in learning the "Degree of Comparison" material by implementing the Numbered Head Together cooperative model. The study was conducted at SMAN 2 Pamekasan with 34 students of class XI-C1 as subjects. The research was carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, test, and documentation. The indicators measured included two cognitive aspects, namely: (1) ability to recall comparative and superlative structures, task completion accuracy, cooperation in group work, and adherence to instructions. The results showed a significant increase in students' memory levels. At the pre-cycle stage, only 11.8% of students were in the high category, in cycle I increased to 44.1%, and in cycle II reached 73.5%. This proves that the NHT model is effective in improving students' memory and understanding of English grammar topics and is expected to develop collaborative learning.

This study examines the effectiveness of the ELSA Speak application in improving the English language skills of ninth-grade students at SMPN 1 Gondang. The problem addressed is students' pronunciation skills. The purpose of this study was to understand the learning growth before and after the use of the application, as well as to assess the value of technology in English teaching. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design consisting of one group pre-test and post-test. A total of 38 students from Class IX A at SMPN 1 Gondang were selected purposively. Data were obtained through oral tests before and after the use of the ELSA Speak application. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS paired sample t-test, normality test, and homogeneity test. The study findings showed a significant increase in students' average performance scores, which increased from 60.65 (pre-test) to 73.82 (post-test). The statistical analysis of the paired sample t-test yielded a significance level below 0.05, indicating that the ELSA Speak application is effective in improving the English language skills of ninth-grade students at SMPN 1 Gondang. According to research findings, the ELSA Speak app is a useful resource for significantly improving students' English pronunciation. To provide creative and inspiring learning opportunities for students, it is recommended that technology-based resources like ELSA Speak be incorporated into language learning curriculum.

This study aims to identify the phonological differences shown by two three-year-old boys, namely Galfin Yasasi Habbika and Muhammad Arkhan Al Hafiz with different family backgrounds in Pangalengan, Bandung, and it analyzed the environmental factors and parental roles that contribute to variations in their phonological acquisition. This Study uses descriptive qualitative method with the data were conducted through video documentation of natural interactions and interviews with the parents of both children. The data collected were 18 utterances from each child which were then analyzed based on phonological aspects to identify error patterns, compensation strategies, and articulation skills. The findings showed that the two children has different phonological development patterns with Galfin showing more conservative phonological strategy by maintaining the original word structure, and people interaction environment from digital medias showing good phonological awarenees in Indonesian language development. While Arkhan showed more active phonological reconstruction by transforming difficult words into more easly produced form with a family environment that often made direct correction to Arkhan’s phonological errors which more stable and consistent phonological structure. Their phonological development was also successfully achieve through a variety of consistent support strategies that were responsive to the child’s emotional state and learning style. The result of this study support Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device theory, in which both children demonstrated an innate capacity for language learning while showing how environmental triggers activated and shaped this biological predisposition because the children's ability to produce complex phonological structures without explicit instruction supports the nativist perspective on language acquisition.          

This practicum aims to understand the process of volcanic eruptions through a simple chemical reaction simulation between baking soda and vinegar. This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas that pushes the mixture out of the bottle, resembling magma eruption from a volcanic crater. The activity was carried out using simple materials such as used plastic bottles, aluminum foil, and common household items. The procedure involved shaping a volcano using aluminum foil around the bottle, then adding baking soda, dish soap, food coloring, and vinegar as the reaction trigger. Observations showed that after the vinegar was poured into the bottle, a foamy red/orange eruption occurred, mimicking lava spewing from a volcanic crater. This simulation demonstrates that the combination of an acid (vinegar) and a base (baking soda) produces carbon dioxide gas, which forces the mixture outward in a dramatic manner. This practicum not only helps students concretely understand scientific concepts but also enhances their observation, critical thinking, and scientific communication skills through simple experimental activities.

At Mie Gacoan Jimbaran, there are two payment service units operating under a single queue line, which often leads to customer congestion during peak hours. This study aims to evaluate the most appropriate non-Poisson queueing model, assess the performance of the existing queueing system, and determine the optimal number of cashiers (servers) to enhance service efficiency at Mie Gacoan Jimbaran.The observation was conducted at Mie Gacoan Jimbaran, located in Badung, Bali, on Saturday, November 18, 2023, over a period of one hour and fifteen minutes. Based on the results of the queueing model analysis and system performance evaluation, the customer arrival rate was found to be two persons per minute, with a service rate of three persons per minute. Furthermore, the average number of customers in the system and in the queue was two individuals, respectively. The probability of the cashiers being idle was recorded at 71.28%, with an average customer waiting time of 0.7696 minutes in the queue and 1.1829 minutes within the entire system.

This classroom action research aims to improve the reading literacy of grade 1 students of SD Negeri 2 Ngasem through the use of flashcards. The background of the study is based on the low interest in reading and literacy outcomes of students, which is caused by less varied learning methods and the lack of attractive learning media. This study used a multi-cycle approach with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of student activities, reading literacy tests before and after the intervention, and documentation of the learning process. The results showed an increase in the average reading literacy score from 74.77 in the pre-cycle to 75.55 in cycle 1, with the percentage of learning completeness increasing from 77.77% to 83.33%. The use of flashcards proved effective in improving students' motivation, participation, and reading literacy outcomes. This study recommends the use of interactive and innovative learning media such as flashcards, to improve reading literacy in elementary schools.  

This study was conducted on employees of SMKS Muhammadiyah 1 Sintang with the aim of identifying the influence of motivation and discipline on employee performance. A quantitative research method was used with data analysis through the SPSS program. The research population consisted of administrative staff and teachers at SMKS Muhammadiyah 1 Sintang, with a sample of 40 respondents selected using the total sampling method. Data collection techniques used an online questionnaire, and the research instrument employed a Likert scale. Data analysis methods included validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that: 1. Based on descriptive analysis, the motivation variable had an average value of 4.36 (very high category), the discipline variable 4.44 (very high category), and the performance variable 4.31 (very high category). 2. Motivation (X1) does not have a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y) with a calculated t-value of 1.631. 3. Discipline (X2) has a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y) with a calculated t-value of 2.871. Motivation (X1) and Discipline (X2) together have a significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a calculated F value (12.129) > table F value (4.10).  

This study aims to analyze the importance of building trust and mutual understanding among organizational members to enhance team performance and work effectiveness at Greet Bear Bowl Restaurant. Trust is developed through open communication, organizational justice, and recognition of individual contributions. Meanwhile, mutual understanding is supported by active participation, aligned goals, and a positive organizational culture. The study adopts a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with four permanent employees. The results indicate that trust and understanding play a crucial role in strengthening work relationships, improving coordination, and supporting the effective and sustainable achievement of organizational goals.

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the interest of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) customers in using the Byond by BSI application, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) approach. This application is one of the digital innovations developed by BSI to improve digital banking services. The data in this study were obtained from primary data collected directly through a Google Form questionnaire distributed to 290 respondents who are BSI customers and users of the Byond by BSI application. The study employed a non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique, where respondents were selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, including descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, normality tests, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, as well as multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. Data processing was conducted using SPSS software version 30. The results of the analysis indicate that all variables studied, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, trust, and perceived risk have a positive and significant influence on behavioral intention or users' interest in continuing to use the Byond by BSI app.  

This research aims to determine the impact of socio-demographic factors, financial experience, socialization agents, on financial literacy levels for adults in Jabodetabek. The population in this study was 300 respondents who were Jabodetabek residents aged 18 years and over who were collected via questionnaires from November to December 2022. Data analysis in this study used quantitative analysis with an analytical technique using purposive sampling. The results of this research found that the financial literacy level of Jabodetabek residents was not influenced significantly by gender, age, and family socialization agent, but was influenced significantly by education, income, experience, peers, and media financial socialization agent. Our findings indicate that individuals with higher financial literacy scores are more likely to save and hold stocks and bonds.

This study aims to examine the effect of sustainability reports, proxied by corporate social responsibility, and green accounting, proxied by the PROPER index, on financial performance, with company size as a control variable. The population in this study were manufacturing companies in various industrial sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2024 period. A purposive sampling method was used to obtain the research sample. The company's official website, the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry were used to obtain sustainability reports and green accounting data. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression. The results showed that sustainability reports had a significant positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, green accounting and company size had a positive but insignificant effect on financial performance

Profitability, measured by Return on Asset (ROA), is a key indicator for assessing the performance and resilience of the banking sector. During the 2019–2023 period, the Indonesian banking sector faced significant pressure from the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted asset quality and financial performance. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of Non-Performing Loan (NPL), the BI Rate, inflation, Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on the ROA of commercial banks in Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative approach using monthly secondary data from 2019 to 2023. The analysis was conducted using Robust Least Squares (RLS) with M-estimation, a Wald test for simultaneous significance, and a z-statistic for partial tests. The results indicate that, simultaneously, the five independent variables have a significant effect on ROA with a significance value of 0,000 and a coefficient of determination of 67,1 percent. Partially, NPL has a significant negative effect on ROA, while NIM, CAR, and inflation have significant positive effects. The BI Rate shows no significant influence. The implications of these findings highlight the managerial importance of strengthening credit risk management to control NPL, enhancing intermediation efficiency to maintain a healthy NIM, and preserving capital adequacy. From a policy perspective, these results justify the continued strengthening of prudential supervision over banks' internal ratios by financial authorities. Furthermore, the insignificance of the BI Rate suggests that the monetary policy transmission to bank profitability is indirect, necessitating a focus on internal factors to maintain the stability of the banking sector.

This study aims to formulate sustainable and competitive business strategies for Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP), a public transportation system managed by UPTD under the regional government. Using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as the primary framework, supported by SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces, and PESTLE analyses, this research identifies the internal and external factors influencing TMP’s performance. The study found major challenges such as decreased ridership, lack of digital integration, and growing dependence on private vehicles. However, the flexibility offered through BLUD-based governance provides opportunities to improve innovation and service performance. Strategic recommendations include enhancing the value proposition, diversifying customer segments, and digitalizing distribution channels. These strategies are expected to strengthen TMP’s competitive advantage and support the development of an inclusive and efficient urban mass transportation system in Indonesia.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are democratic processes conducted to elect Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, as well as Mayors and Deputy Mayors. The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) is the authorized institution responsible for overseeing the implementation of elections, including their various stages. Campaigning is an integral component of the election process, during which candidates utilize campaign props (Alat Peraga Kampanye/APK) to promote themselves to the public. In Lebak Regency, numerous violations have occurred regarding the installation of such props, underscoring the critical role of Bawaslu Lebak in ensuring compliance. This study aims to examine the authority exercised by Bawaslu Lebak Regency in supervising the installation of campaign props during the 2024 regional elections and to identify the challenges encountered. The research employs the theory of authority and the theory of supervision, using an empirical juridical approach and an analytical descriptive specification. Primary data supported by secondary data were obtained through interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that Bawaslu Lebak Regency implements both preventive and repressive supervisory measures. Preventive efforts include issuing advisories, conducting public outreach, and inter-agency collaboration, while repressive actions involve processing reports and findings of violations, as well as dismantling noncompliant campaign materials. The agency faces several obstacles, including low awareness among candidates and campaign teams regarding legal compliance, limited personnel for enforcement activities, resistance from various stakeholders, and the environmental issue of accumulated campaign waste.

The development of the Mice Industry in Indonesia is growing, this can be seen in 2023 as many as 97.86% of event organizers have returned to being held. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the PRO Audio Visual, LED, Lighting & Music Indonesia 2024 Event, the image of PT. Kristamedia Pratama at the PRO Audio Visual, LED, Lighting & Music Indonesia 2024 event, the influence of the PRO Audio Visual, LED, Lighting & Music Indonesia 2024 event on the image of PT Kristamedia Pratama. The theory used for the event is a means for the company as a public relations to introduce and communicate the brand to potential consumers involved in the event and the company's image is a form of intangible asset in a company that has a uniqueness that is easy to identify but difficult to imitate. The research approach uses quantitative. The research method uses a survey. The data collection technique uses simple random sampling with a research sample of 100 respondents. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The data analysis methods used are validity testing, reliability testing, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that events have an overall average value of 4.03, while corporate image has an overall average value of 4.09. Events have a positive and significant effect on corporate image. The r-square value in the coefficient of determination test shows that events have a 45.4% effect on corporate image.

This study aims to examine and compare the practices of inheritance distribution in Kwaron and Grogol Villages, Diwek District, Jombang Regency, from the perspectives of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and Civil Law. This qualitative research adopts a case study approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies. The findings indicate significant differences in inheritance distribution practices between the two villages, influenced by social, cultural, and legal interpretive factors. The study also finds that legal ambiguity and limited public understanding of inheritance law often lead to conflicts. Moreover, it reveals that mediation and conflict resolution through customary and religious approaches tend to be more effective than formal legal processes. The study recommends enhancing public awareness of inheritance law and developing more integrative conflict resolution mechanisms.