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Indonesia is a country that prioritizes law. This has been explained explicitly in the 1945 Constitution. Criminal law in Indonesia is one of the main guidelines in realizing justice. An act is constituted as a crime and formulated in law if the act is assessed by the legislator as an act that endangers a legal interest. By establishing a prohibition against committing an act accompanied by criminal threats/sanctions for anyone who violates it, it means that the law has provided legal protection for these legal interests. In this problem, the researcher focuses on questions and legal objectives regarding legal protection for victims in cases of sibling murder, namely as follows: 1. What are the factors that cause serious abuse based on case number 720/Pid.B/2023/PN Lbp? 2. What is the criminal responsibility for perpetrators in cases of serious abuse based on case number 720/Pid.B/2023/PN Lbp. Research is the most important part of the entire series of activities for writing a scientific work, because to answer the main research problem, the object of the problem described in the problem formulation will be answered. The research location is a place or area where the research will be carried out. The location of this research is the Lubuk Pakam Class I-A District Court located at Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 58 Lubuk Pakam, Postal Code: 20512, Tel/Fax: (061) 7955861, North Sumatra. Serious maltreatment is an act of violence that is carried out intentionally and results in serious physical injury or even death to another individual. Cases like this not only harm physically, but also emotionally and psychologically for the victims and society in general. An appropriate and effective legal process in handling cases of serious abuse is important to uphold justice, provide protection to victims, and prevent future violence.

This study aims to conceptually analyze the legislative function of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the formation of Village Regulations based on the Village Law as stipulated in Law Number 3 of 2024, as well as to identify the challenges in its implementation. This research employs a literature study method with a qualitative approach through the review of relevant sources, including academic journals, books, and policy documents. The findings indicate that the implementation of BPD’s legislative function still faces several obstacles, such as limited human resource capacity, a lack of understanding of legal aspects, the absence of systematic legislative planning, and weak coordination between the BPD and the Village Head. The implications of this study reveal that the legislative function of the BPD has not been optimally implemented. This underscores the need for institutional capacity strengthening, improved synergy among village-level stakeholders, the formulation of a Village Legislative Program (Prolegdes), technical facilitation by local governments, and adequate support for operational funding.

Sexual violence among adolescents is an increasingly serious issue, exacerbated by limited knowledge and lack of education, which heightens their vulnerability. One innovative approach to addressing this problem is the use of educational applications such as BEYDI (Self-Empowerment), designed to enhance adolescents’ awareness and knowledge of sexual violence prevention. This study aimed to determine the effect of BEYDI application-based education on students’ knowledge regarding sexual violence prevention at SMPN 3 Lamongan. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 63 eighth-grade students from classes 8A and 8B, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicated a significant increase in students’ knowledge after receiving the educational intervention via the BEYDI application (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the BEYDI app-based education was effective in enhancing students’ knowledge of sexual violence prevention and can be considered an interactive and efficient alternative educational tool in the school setting.

Sewing workers at CV Cahaya Setia Mulia Abadi perform static and repetitive tasks, such as prolonged sitting in a bent posture and continuous sewing movements. These conditions lead to various physical complaints, including back pain (78%), lower neck pain (75%), upper neck discomfort (73%), as well as shoulder fatigue, wrist tingling, and lower back stiffness. This research is conducted to evaluate the potential risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through the application of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, determine the body parts most frequently affected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, and develop posture correction strategies based on anthropometric measurements.The REBA results indicate that most sewing activities fall into the medium-risk category (score 5–7), with some in the high-risk category (score 8). The intervention involved adjusting chair dimensions based on anthropometry, and adding seat cushions and backrests. After the simulation of improvements, the REBA score decreased to 2, placing it in the low-risk category. These findings demonstrate that ergonomic chair design and proper working posture significantly reduce physical strain, increase comfort, and help maintain worker productivity. This study offers practical recommendations for creating a healthier and safer work environment in the manufacturing sector.

This study aims to describe the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in IPAS learning on economic activities and to examine its effect on the collaboration skills of fourth-grade students at Saraswati 1 Elementary School in Denpasar. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the implementation of PjBL through six stages of implementation significantly enhances collaborative aspects such as role distribution, open communication, cooperation, and shared responsibility. Teachers and students responded positively to this method, as learning became more meaningful and enjoyable. The projects created by students reflected active engagement and solid teamwork. In conclusion, the PjBL model is effective in enhancing students' collaboration skills and is relevant for implementation within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum to support the strengthening of the Pancasila learner profile.

In the economic sector, cooperatives are one form of collaboration in the field of economics. People trust this type of collaboration because they share a number of common needs in their lives. One of the pesantren-owned enterprises (BUMP) at Pondok Miftahul Ulum RU IV Putra is a cooperative that works to support and improve the local economy. This study aims to examine the role of Islamic boarding school cooperatives (kopontren) in improving students’ economic welfare and their contribution to the development of pesantren infrastructure. The research was conducted at Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum RU IV Putra using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that kopontren plays a strategic role in meeting students’ basic needs at affordable prices and serves as a practical learning platform that fosters entrepreneurship and self-reliance among students. Additionally, although its contribution to infrastructure is still limited, the kopontren has shown social concern through the provision of supporting facilities such as dormitory furniture and environmental maintenance. Collaboration between the cooperative management and pesantren leadership is a key factor in ensuring the sustainability of the cooperative as an integral part of the pesantren’s educational system.

The advancement of information technology has significantly transformed modern audit practices, particularly in inventory audits. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Audit Tools and Linked Archive Sistem (ATLAS) application on the effectiveness and efficiency of inventory audits in the digital era. A qualitative approach was employed through observation and interviews with auditors who utilize ATLAS in their audit procedures. The findings indicate that ATLAS improves audit speed, enhances documentation, and supports the accuracy and transparency of financial reporting. Despite challenges such as limited client system integration and auditor adaptation, internal training and data digitization strategies prove to be effective solutions. Thus, ATLAS serves not only as a documentation tool but also as a system that strengthens the overall quality and accountability of inventory audits.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of online attendance systems in enhancing employee discipline at the Bali Province Regional Revenue Agency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using George C. Edward III’s implementation theory, which encompasses four key indicators: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that communication has been effective, characterized by clear and consistent information delivery, thereby reducing employee resistance. While human and financial resources are adequate, the limited availability of supporting facilities hinders optimal implementation. In terms of disposition, employees demonstrate strong commitment and integrity in utilizing the attendance application. The bureaucratic structure has also been appropriately followed, aligning with the usage guidelines set by the Bali Province Office of Communication, Informatics, and Statistics. The study recommends improvements such as enhancing internet infrastructure, increasing supporting facilities, and providing printed user manuals to optimize the implementation of the online attendance system.

Anemia is a common health problem among adolescents, often caused by iron deficiency. This educational activity aimed to improve students' knowledge about the role of iron in preventing anemia. The program was conducted at SMP Negeri 06 Ketapang and involved 35 students as respondents. The results showed that after the educational session, the majority of students were in the moderate knowledge category (19 students or 54.3%), followed by the high category (7 students or 20%) and the low category (9 students or 25.7%). It can be concluded that this educational activity was quite beneficial in increasing students’ knowledge about the importance of iron in anemia prevention.

Digital technology opens up great opportunities in the business world, especially online businesses. These opportunities are wide open to many people of various ages and backgrounds, especially young people, considering that their generation has the spirit to try various things, including starting a business. This community service activity aims to provide practical training to vocational high school students on how to start an online business. For two days, they were given an understanding of entrepreneurship, determining potential products, creating accounts on e-commerce, marketing strategies, simulations, and evaluations. This activity is expected to develop economic potential and independence from an early age, and be able to instill an entrepreneurial mindset that is adaptive to the development of the times.

The community service program titled Great Youth, Strong Mentality at Untung Suropati Catholic High School aimed to enhance students understanding and skills in managing stress and anxiety, which are increasingly prevalent among adolescents due to academic pressures, social dynamics, environmental changes, and excessive exposure to social media. These issues are exacerbated by a lack of knowledge about effective stress management strategies, such as relaxation techniques and emotional communication, as well as the stigma surrounding mental health that discourages adolescents from seeking help. The counseling was conducted using an interactive approach, comprising a 30-minute informative lecture to explain the concepts of stress and anxiety, small group discussions (5–7 students) to encourage reflection and sharing of experiences, and practical exercises on relaxation techniques, such as diaphragmatic breathing and mindfulness, to provide hands-on experience. Supporting materials, including visual presentations and interactive quizzes, were utilized to enhance student engagement. Post-event evaluation revealed significant improvements in the understanding of stress and anxiety among students in grades X, XI, and XII. Students demonstrated enthusiasm through active participation in discussions and practical sessions, as well as positive feedback on the supportive and stigma-free environment. The program successfully equipped students with practical skills for stress management and fostered a healthier learning environment. For sustainability, it is recommended to conduct similar programs regularly, integrate mental health education into the school curriculum or extracurricular activities, provide concise modules for students’ independent use, and collaborate with school counselors to monitor technique implementation and offer ongoing support to ensure long-term impact on students mental well-being.

This study investigates the verbal and visual signs embedded in the promotional posters of Midsommar (2019), a psychological horror film directed by Ari Aster. Drawing on Dyer’s (1982) theory of visual signs, Saussure’s semiotic model of the signifier and signified, and Cerrato’s (2012) theory of color symbolism, the research analyzes how linguistic and visual elements work together to convey layered meanings. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, five official film posters were examined to identify how signs construct thematic messages and emotional tones. The findings reveal that the posters deliberately juxtapose serene imagery with unsettling symbols, creating a tension between aesthetic beauty and psychological horror. Verbal cues such as taglines and titles signal themes of ritual, trauma, and emotional transformation, while visual signs—such as costume, color palette, facial expressions, and symbolic objects—reinforce the film’s narrative of cultural disorientation and personal collapse. Color symbolism, particularly the use of red, blue, and white, plays a key role in evoking mood and implying deeper psychological and ritualistic meanings. Overall, this study demonstrates that Midsommar’s posters function not only as promotional tools but also as rich semiotic texts that foreshadow the film’s ideological and emotional content, offering insight into how horror and beauty can coexist within cinematic visual culture.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, anemia, nephrotic syndrome, and urinary tract infection (UTI) are interrelated clinical conditions frequently encountered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This case report presents a 33-year-old woman who was admitted with complaints of generalized weakness, accompanied by headache, generalized edema, and pruritus. Laboratory findings revealed hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL), elevated blood pressure (210/120 mmHg), increased urea and creatinine levels, 2+ proteinuria, and microcytic hypochromic anemia (hemoglobin ranging from 7.9 to 9.9 g/dL). Urinalysis showed leukocyturia, hyaline casts, and bacteriuria. The patient was diagnosed with uncontrolled T2DM, hypertensive urgency, microcytic hypochromic anemia, nephrotic syndrome, and UTI. Management included basal-bolus insulin regimen, combined antihypertensive therapy, packed red cell transfusions, and supportive treatments. Throughout the hospitalization, improvements were observed in hemoglobin levels and blood pressure, although subjective symptoms such as fatigue and headache remained fluctuating. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive and multidisciplinary management in patients with complex multisystem chronic conditions to prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes.

Background: Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant tumor composed of uniform, partially round to oval cells with lipoblast, in the myxoid stroma with branching capillaries. Very rarely presents as a primary neoplasm of the subcutis or retroperitoneum. Myxoid liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum is the most common metastases. Case description: We reported a case of  Mr M, male, 48 years old, came to the hospital. Private in the city of Medan on April 19 2021 with complaints of upper left abdominal pain, nausea (+), vomiting (-), fever. vital sign, general condition: compos mentis, temperature: 36 ℃, Pulse: 80 x/min. Breathing: 20x/min, Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg. Previously, a gastric biopsy was performed on suspicion of gastric carcinoma and a histopathological examination was carried out with the results of a gastric adenoma. Subsequently, an exploratory laparotomy was performed with tumor debulking and the tissue was sent to the H. Adam Malik Hospital unit. On macroscopic examination, the tissue was split in a state of 16 cm x 12 cm x 7 cm, yellowish-gray in color, chewy consistency. The of cutting, a solid mass of white, yellow, and brown color appears, the consistency is chewy and brittle. With a tissue-weight of 800 grams then labeled O/1260/21. On microscopic examination of the tumor mass, it appears that the tumor mass is mostly arranged in solid sheets, consisting of round, relatively uniform cells, arranged back to back. Round and oval nuclei with increased N/C ratio, coarse chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Among them are lipoblast cells with spider web and small signet ring lipoblast. Atypical mitoses are relatively easy to find > 19 mitoses / 10 LPB. Proliferative and congested blood vessels, necrotic masses <50% are also seen. Immunohistochemical examination was carried out with S100 positive staining results on the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of tumor cells with a proportion of more than 70% moderate to strong intensity. Conclusion: Based on macroscopic and microscopic examination this patient was diagnosed with High grade myxoid round cell liposarcoma grade III with ICD-O 8852/3.

Poromas are benign neoplasms composed of epithelial cells that show tubular differentiation, which arises from the intraepidermal part of the eccrine of the sweat glands. This lesion can resemble melanoma or non melanoma.1,2 Case description We reported a case of eccrine poroma in a man, Mr. ES, 50 years old, with complaints of a lump in the head of the temporal region of the region. On macroscopic examination, a blackish-brown scalp tissue size 2x1x0.5 was received, the surface was uneven, the consistency was springy. Microscopic examination of squamous epithelial coating with round, oval, monotone, smooth chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm appear. In the sub-epithelium, there is a mass of tumors consisting of proliferative eccrine glands, in groups forming islands, with cuboidal coatings, with round, oval, monotonous nuclei, fine chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma consists of fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels. The sebaceous glands, hair follicles and infiltration of lymphocyte cells appear. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results of histopathological examination, it can be concluded as eccrine poroma. In this case electrosurgery is performed, removal with the help of a carbon dioxide laser, or excision surgery can be performed.

Clinical autopsy is an important procedure in the medical world to determine the exact cause of death and evaluate the quality of medical services. In Indonesia, its implementation is still limited due to various legal, social, and ethical obstacles. This article discusses the position of clinical autopsy from the perspective of pathology and medicolegal forensics and examines the relevant legal framework for health in Indonesia. This study aims to encourage the implementation of autopsy legally, professionally, and ethically through a multidisciplinary approach. In conclusion, regulatory reform and enhanced education are needed to support the implementation of clinical autopsies that are legally valid and beneficial for both the medical and legal fields.

Sharp trauma is an abnormality in the body caused by the contact of objects whose surface is able to slice so that tissue continuity disappears. It is usually caused by knives, swords, scissors, razors, axes and others. The types of wounds due to sharp violence that can be identified are stab wounds, iris wounds and also stab wounds. All of these types of injuries can endanger the victim's life and cause death for the victim. Every case of persecution or violence against life that causes death must be medically examined. This must be done to help the police as law enforcers in uncovering murder cases based on forensic medical science. This examination includes an examination of the outside of the victim's body and also an examination of the victim's internal organs. The results will be used as valid evidence used in the judicial process. Case description: A case was reported, a male corpse, known, with the initials DR, with the suspected death of elements of a criminal act.Conclusion From the results of the examination, the cause of death of the victim was a stab wound to the left chest that penetrated the heart and heart sac due to sharp violence that resulted in bleeding and tissue damage..

Burn injuries are complex tissue damage often accompanied by serious complications such as infection, systemic inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Effective burn management requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including infection control, local wound care, nutritional support, and regenerative therapy. Along with advances in science and technology, various novel treatment modalities have been developed to accelerate healing, reduce scarring, and improve patients’ quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical prospects of the latest burn treatment modalities through a review of relevant literature from 2021 to 2025. This research employed a descriptive qualitative literature review method, analyzing 10 relevant scientific articles obtained from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The reviewed modalities include stem cell therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), silver nanoparticles, nanofiber and hydrogel-based dressings, natural extracts such as aloe vera and binahong, as well as advanced technologies like smart dressings and low-level laser therapy. The results indicate that regenerative and smart technology-based approaches significantly enhance epithelialization, reduce infection, and improve tissue repair. Natural therapies also show promising potential as safe, affordable, and effective treatment alternatives. In conclusion, the integration of biological therapy, phytotherapy, and modern technology represents a promising direction in contemporary burn care. Further large-scale clinical research is needed to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of each modality.

Komunikasi antara orang tua dan remaja mengenai kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan, mulai dari norma budaya hingga keterbatasan pengetahuan orang tua. Ketidakterbukaan dalam komunikasi keluarga dapat berdampak negatif terhadap perkembangan kognitif dan perilaku seksual remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara sistematis temuan-temuan empiris terbaru terkait pengaruh komunikasi orang tua–remaja terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis, sikap terhadap seksualitas, pengambilan keputusan, dan akses informasi remaja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur integratif terhadap 14 artikel jurnal internasional bereputasi yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2020–2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi yang terbuka, empatik, dan berbasis nilai dalam keluarga berkontribusi positif terhadap kemampuan reflektif remaja serta sikap dan perilaku seksual yang sehat. Sebaliknya, komunikasi yang normatif dan satu arah cenderung memperkuat stigma dan membatasi kapasitas remaja dalam mengambil keputusan yang tepat. Kajian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya intervensi berbasis keluarga yang memperkuat kapasitas komunikasi orang tua, dengan dukungan pendekatan digital yang adaptif dan kolaborasi lintas sektor untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung kesehatan reproduksi remaja.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, including in the garment industry. The subject of this study is MSME X, located in Cimahi City, which specializes in the production of knitted clothing. This research aims to identify production problems, analyze the causes of defects, and design improvement strategies using the Six Sigma method with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach. In the Define stage, the main problems are identified through the Critical to Quality (CTQ) approach, which reveals three major types of defects: button defects (39%), stitching defects (32%), and fabric or pattern defects (29%). Next, the Measure stage is conducted to assess process performance using quality indicators. The calculation results show a Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value of 10,968.95 and a Sigma Level of 3.79, indicating room for improvement. The Analyze stage utilizes Pareto and Fishbone diagrams to identify root causes. The Improve stage applies Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to determine improvement priorities. The Control stage involves the use of Statistical Process Control (SPC), regular inspections, and an incentive system. This approach is expected to reduce defect rates and sustainably improve production efficiency.