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The term overthinking has become part of the everyday vocabulary among Generation Z, reflecting a tendency toward excessive deliberation in ordinary situations, including choosing food. The “Overthinking” advertisement by GoFood presents a compelling visual representation of this dilemma through metaphorical symbols such as a talking forehead, piles of clocks, and zodiac characters that construct a complex visual narrative of indecision. This study aims to examine how symptoms of overthinking are visually represented in the advertisement using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach. The research employed a qualitative method, utilizing observation and documentation techniques to analyze visual structures across scenes. The findings reveal that the advertisement conveys its message through denotative, connotative, and myth-based signs, illustrating how Generation Z interprets the burden of choice in a digital cultural context. The results demonstrate how visual communication strategies can foster empathy while offering solutions to the everyday anxieties of a young audience. This study contributes to the development of visual semiotics discourse in the field of visual communication design and offers insights for advertising practices grounded in social issues.

Agroforestry is also a form of sustainable agriculture model. Agroforestry systems are formed of three main components, namely forestry, agriculture, and livestock. The agrosilvopastura system is the combination of woody components (forestry) with agriculture (annuals) as well as livestock on the same land management unit. The priority order of the most important alternative options for sustainable agriculture includes strengthening farmer institutions, developing a cadre of farmers/farmer groups aware of sustainable agriculture, and increasing demonstration activities for sustainable agricultural technology. Financial analysis shows that all agroforestry systems are economically viable, and agrosilvopastura provides the most inputs compared to agrosilnikultur and silvopastura. Erosion that occurs on agroforestry land agroforestry, especially agrosilvoculture in the buffer zone of Southeast Aceh District is not harmful because it is smaller than the allowable erosion (<30.6 tons/ha/yr). The total biomass and carbon of stands in agroforestry systems with agrosilvopastura type of 103.17 and 46.74 tons per hectare, respectively, are similar to the total biomass and carbon of stands in mangrove forests. carbon in Rhizophora apiculata mangrove forest with a density of 463 trees per hectare, which were 169.46 (biomass) and 47.08 (carbon) tons per hectare, respectively. Agrosilvopastura systems can play a role in mitigating floods compared to monoculture farming systems for each hectare of land for every 1 hour of work.

Southeast Aceh Regency has a huge potential to bring its agricultural sector to a better level in all aspects. However, several obstacles still hinder the sustainability of agriculture in our country. Therefore, it is imperative to reform agricultural products by using technology for yield and efficiency in agriculture. Young people are the most competent in modernizing technology nowadays. Agricultural regeneration related to agricultural product reform is important to involve the elderly and the younger generation in improving productivity. However, there are problems with farmer regeneration caused by various reasons in the southeast Aceh district. The purpose of this study is to determine how farmer regeneration can impact agricultural products and modernize agriculture going forward. A descriptive qualitative research method was used along with a literature review strategy. In addition, secondary data sources such as books, journals and other references, previous research were also used to support the research. The data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are strategies aimed at parents and the younger generation of farmers must be carried out to encourage better regeneration of farmers. Regeneration of farmers to modernize agriculture can be done by providing agricultural education and training.

This research was conducted in December 2024 - January 2025. This study aims to: (1). Determine visitor perceptions of the Attractions, Facilities, and Services at the Mountain Valley tourist attraction in the Tea Plantation Agrotourism, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency. (2). Determine the effect of Attractions, Facilities, and Services at the Mountain Valley tourist attraction in the Tea Plantation Agrotourism, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency on tourist visits. The data analysis method used in this study is the descriptive method, multiple linear regression analysis and the T test. In this study, the researcher used a random sampling technique, namely taking samples randomly. The Probability technique is a sampling technique that provides an equal opportunity for each element to be selected as a respondent member. Respondents in this study were measured using the Slovin formula with a tolerance limit of error (10%). Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the perception of visitors to the Mountain Valley Tourism Object in Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, most of the overall chose the category "AGREE"

The digital era requires libraries, including the UIN KHAS Jember Library, to innovate in attracting visitors. This study aims to analyze the role of social media in encouraging visitors to return to the library, with visitor satisfaction as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational design and Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method, this study involved 160 active students from UIN KHAS Jember who had interacted with the library's social media as respondents selected through purposive sampling. The analysis results indicate that social media significantly and positively influences library user satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.697), and library user satisfaction has a very strong and significant influence on the intention to revisit (path coefficient = 0.797). However, it was found that social media does not have a significant direct influence on the intention to revisit, but is fully mediated by library user satisfaction. This means that social media acts as a catalyst to enhance library user satisfaction, and it is this satisfaction that serves as the primary driver for them to revisit.

In the era of globalization and rapid technological development, sustainable development has become crucial for a country's growth, especially in the tourism sector, which has significant potential to drive economic growth and environmental conservation. This research aims to examine how environmental externalities from the tourism sector can be effectively managed through the application of green economy principles. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study, which includes analysis of the concept of green economy, the impact of tourism on society, and policies that can internalize negative impacts. The research results indicate that the application of green economy principles can reduce negative externalities caused by tourism, such as pollution and ecosystem damage, while also improving the welfare of local communities. Policies such as Pigovian taxes, subsidies, and regulations are necessary to support this implementation. Therefore, sustainable tourism management through green economy not only focuses on economic profit but also on environmental and social sustainability.

In order to keep financial issues to a minimum, financial literacy has recently emerged as a critical competency for all individuals to possess. The purpose of this exercise is to help pupils become more financially literate. Problems with money arise for many students because they fail to distinguish between necessities and wants and fail to appreciate the value of savings and contingency plans. As a means of socialization, this activity employs counselling, training, and mentorship as its stages. We were able to accomplish our goal by carrying out this exercise. Since students were more engaged and asked more pertinent questions, it is safe to assume that their knowledge of financial management improved. In order to raise a generation that is financially savvy, this is the initial step. The information that students get from this exercise should be applied to their daily lives.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or chronic kidney failure is a condition that occurs due to a decrease in the kidney's ability to maintain balance in the body so that hemodialysis therapy is needed to replace the kidney function. Hemodialysis therapy can cause various physical effects and mental conditions of patients so that it can affect the patient's quality of life. Objective : to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Lakipada Hospital. Research Method : the research design used is quantitative research with a Cross Sectional approach, using a " saturated sampling" sampling technique with a sample size of 40 respondents. The independent variable is the level of anxiety and the dependent variable is the quality of life. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test at a significance level of α <0.05. Research Results : it was found that there was a relationship between anxiety levels and quality of life in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion : there is a relationship between anxiety levels and quality of life in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Critical thinking skills are a fundamental aspect that needs to be instilled early in the educational process in elementary schools. However, the application of conventional learning media such as textbooks and worksheets tends to be less supportive of the development of these skills, especially in complex materials such as the solar system. To overcome this, the use of solar system diorama media is considered capable of bridging students' conceptual understanding with more contextual visual and exploratory experiences. Through a constructivist approach, students are given space to be actively involved in observing, discussing, and linking materials to real phenomena, so that their critical thinking skills can be honed more optimally. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of diorama media in improving the critical thinking skills of elementary school students and examine students' responses to this learning method. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of innovative learning strategies that can support the quality of elementary education.

This work was created based on the author's interest in ants, starting from their lifestyle, how they find food, size, and most importantly their shape. The author likes the shape of an ant's body which, when observed closely, turns out to have its own uniqueness in each type that is often forgotten due to its small size. The author is interested in raising the object of ants as a work of creation because the author wants to reveal the shape of ants that other people rarely realize. The work that the author created was made using the cross contour and pointillist techniques. The author uses a combination of these two techniques because these two techniques are very flexible for the author to use in drawing the shape of an ant's body, without the effects of color, only pure black and white shapes. The author created 15 works of art that display realistic shapes of 15 types of exotic ants in the world.

Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.

Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.

The role of the principal in educational management has undergone significant changes in line with the dynamics of 21st-century needs. Demands for improved learning quality have led to the emergence of a new paradigm that positions the principal not merely as an administrative leader but as a learning leader capable of facilitating a culture of continuous learning within the school environment. This study aims to reflect on and reformulate the principal's strategic role through the integration of two leadership approaches: instructional leadership, which emphasizes strengthening the learning process, and transformational leadership, which focuses on vision, motivation, and empowerment of all school members. The method used is a literature review of 26 national and international scientific articles published in the last ten years. The results of the study indicate that the synthesis of these two leadership models strengthens the principal's capacity to create a collaborative, adaptive school climate oriented toward continuous improvement of educational quality. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for future school leadership development policies and practices.

This study aims to systematically examine how daily routines in elementary school environments play a role in increasing children's independence. Independence is an important skill that needs to be developed early on, including personal responsibility, initiative, and self-discipline. The methodology used in this study is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach, in which the author synthesizes various journals, books, and relevant previous research results. The results of the study indicate that various forms of daily routines such as class duty, guarding personal belongings, morning prayers, and managing break times play a significant role in forming independent behavior in children. The mechanisms that occur in this process include habituation, repetition, consistency, and positive reinforcement that encourages the internalization of independence values. In addition, the role of teachers as facilitators, models, and feedback providers has proven to be a key factor in success, accompanied by the support of an orderly and structured school environment. The conclusion of this study confirms that daily routines are not just technical activities, but are an effective medium in character education that has a direct impact on the formation of children's independence. Collaboration between schools and families is an important aspect in optimizing the results of this habituation.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

The use of brand ambassadors has become increasingly prevalent among various brands, including Erigo Apparel. JKT48 was selected as a brand ambassador due to its strong influence on public opinion through its popularity on social media. However, there remains a lack of studies that specifically explore how the credibility aspects of JKT48 contribute to individual decision-making when choosing a product. This study aims to examine the influence of JKT48’s credibility dimensions, trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness on the purchase decisions of Erigo Apparel among followers of the Instagram account @fjkt48.bdg. The research is grounded in the source credibility theory proposed by Ohanian (1990). A quantitative approach was employed, using a survey method with 80 respondents selected through an f-test calculation using G*Power. The data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that all three credibility dimensions of JKT48 have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Trustworthiness emerged as the most dominant factor, with a path coefficient value of 0.338 (t-statistic = 3.582; p-value = 0.000). All indicators in the model were declared valid and reliable, with an R-square value of 0.679, indicating that the model can substantially explain the purchase decision variable. These findings reinforce the idea that perceptions of JKT48’s credibility play a crucial role in shaping consumer purchase decisions.

This study aims to systematically review the literature that discusses the influence of social media on adolescent communication patterns, especially in the context of organizational learning. Social media as part of the digital transformation has changed the way adolescents interact, not only in social aspects but also in informal learning processes. Through a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study maps key concepts, identifies research gaps, and explores future research directions. The results of the study indicate that social media plays an important role in shaping interpersonal communication, digital ethics, and adolescent self-identity. However, most previous studies are still geographically limited, descriptive, and have not linked social media use to organizational learning comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrative theoretical model and longitudinal studies that consider the cultural, psychological, and social contexts of adolescents in the digital era.

This study examines collaborative implementation strategies as an effective model for addressing employment challenges in the era of economic and technological transformation. Focusing on collaboration among the state, business sector, and labor unions, the study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, policy analysis, and case studies. Findings reveal that trilateral partnerships—inspired by the European concept of flexicurity—promote enhanced job security, worker productivity, and adaptability. The empowerment of labor unions through collective agreements and mediation has proven to strengthen industrial dialogue and prevent conflict. In Australia’s public sector, consultative committees involving union delegates and management demonstrate the effectiveness of consensus-based policymaking. Strategic recommendations include strengthening dialogic capacities, process digitalization, and the application of worker-driven social responsibility (WDSR) models for platform-based employment. The study concludes that multistakeholder collaborative networks are key to reinforcing labor market resilience and advancing social justice.