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Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.

The role of the principal in educational management has undergone significant changes in line with the dynamics of 21st-century needs. Demands for improved learning quality have led to the emergence of a new paradigm that positions the principal not merely as an administrative leader but as a learning leader capable of facilitating a culture of continuous learning within the school environment. This study aims to reflect on and reformulate the principal's strategic role through the integration of two leadership approaches: instructional leadership, which emphasizes strengthening the learning process, and transformational leadership, which focuses on vision, motivation, and empowerment of all school members. The method used is a literature review of 26 national and international scientific articles published in the last ten years. The results of the study indicate that the synthesis of these two leadership models strengthens the principal's capacity to create a collaborative, adaptive school climate oriented toward continuous improvement of educational quality. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for future school leadership development policies and practices.

This study aims to systematically examine how daily routines in elementary school environments play a role in increasing children's independence. Independence is an important skill that needs to be developed early on, including personal responsibility, initiative, and self-discipline. The methodology used in this study is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach, in which the author synthesizes various journals, books, and relevant previous research results. The results of the study indicate that various forms of daily routines such as class duty, guarding personal belongings, morning prayers, and managing break times play a significant role in forming independent behavior in children. The mechanisms that occur in this process include habituation, repetition, consistency, and positive reinforcement that encourages the internalization of independence values. In addition, the role of teachers as facilitators, models, and feedback providers has proven to be a key factor in success, accompanied by the support of an orderly and structured school environment. The conclusion of this study confirms that daily routines are not just technical activities, but are an effective medium in character education that has a direct impact on the formation of children's independence. Collaboration between schools and families is an important aspect in optimizing the results of this habituation.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

The use of brand ambassadors has become increasingly prevalent among various brands, including Erigo Apparel. JKT48 was selected as a brand ambassador due to its strong influence on public opinion through its popularity on social media. However, there remains a lack of studies that specifically explore how the credibility aspects of JKT48 contribute to individual decision-making when choosing a product. This study aims to examine the influence of JKT48’s credibility dimensions, trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness on the purchase decisions of Erigo Apparel among followers of the Instagram account @fjkt48.bdg. The research is grounded in the source credibility theory proposed by Ohanian (1990). A quantitative approach was employed, using a survey method with 80 respondents selected through an f-test calculation using G*Power. The data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that all three credibility dimensions of JKT48 have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Trustworthiness emerged as the most dominant factor, with a path coefficient value of 0.338 (t-statistic = 3.582; p-value = 0.000). All indicators in the model were declared valid and reliable, with an R-square value of 0.679, indicating that the model can substantially explain the purchase decision variable. These findings reinforce the idea that perceptions of JKT48’s credibility play a crucial role in shaping consumer purchase decisions.

This study aims to systematically review the literature that discusses the influence of social media on adolescent communication patterns, especially in the context of organizational learning. Social media as part of the digital transformation has changed the way adolescents interact, not only in social aspects but also in informal learning processes. Through a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study maps key concepts, identifies research gaps, and explores future research directions. The results of the study indicate that social media plays an important role in shaping interpersonal communication, digital ethics, and adolescent self-identity. However, most previous studies are still geographically limited, descriptive, and have not linked social media use to organizational learning comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrative theoretical model and longitudinal studies that consider the cultural, psychological, and social contexts of adolescents in the digital era.

This study examines collaborative implementation strategies as an effective model for addressing employment challenges in the era of economic and technological transformation. Focusing on collaboration among the state, business sector, and labor unions, the study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, policy analysis, and case studies. Findings reveal that trilateral partnerships—inspired by the European concept of flexicurity—promote enhanced job security, worker productivity, and adaptability. The empowerment of labor unions through collective agreements and mediation has proven to strengthen industrial dialogue and prevent conflict. In Australia’s public sector, consultative committees involving union delegates and management demonstrate the effectiveness of consensus-based policymaking. Strategic recommendations include strengthening dialogic capacities, process digitalization, and the application of worker-driven social responsibility (WDSR) models for platform-based employment. The study concludes that multistakeholder collaborative networks are key to reinforcing labor market resilience and advancing social justice.

Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is the management of hygiene and health during women's menstrual period. One of the factors that influence Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is the role of the teacher. Teachers play a role in equipping students with knowledge about hygiene, facilitating proper toilets and how to maintain their reproductive organs, this will have a positive impact on students in elementary schools. This study aims to determine the description of the role of teachers in implementing the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) program at Elemantary School Pare area. The research design used Descriptive Analytic, with sampling technique using Purposive Sampling obtained a sample of 40 respondents. Data collection using questionnaire sheet, data processed with descriptive statistical test. Based on the results of research in 6 (six) Elemantary School in the Pare Region on the role of teachers in the implementation of Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM), almost all data were found to be in the good and sufficient category, especially in the indicator as the role of facilitator (79.30) and supervisor (76.87). From the results of the data, the role of facilitator and supervisor is the highest because the facilities in several schools have met the criteria for Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) and the observations of teachers at school to female students have been carried out well, but there are still roles that score the lowest, namely educator (63.75) because some respondents have never received counseling on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) and still lack of education. Primary school teachers are advised to take part in training to increase knowledge about menstrual hygiene management (MKM)

This paper discusses the study of politics from an Islamic perspective, which not only examines power and governance but also serves as a foundation for the development of political ethics rooted in the spiritual and moral values of the Qur'an and Hadith. The approach used is a literature review, analyzing relevant texts on Islamic politics, political ethics, and leadership concepts in Islam. In Islam, politics is regarded as a form of worship that must be carried out based on the principles of tawhid (monotheism), justice, shura (consultation), and social responsibility. Concepts such as khalifah (caliphate), shura, and maslahah (public interest) serve as key pillars in the ethical governance system aimed at the welfare of the ummah (community). Furthermore, this paper highlights the importance of political morality (akhlaq siyasah) as a moral foundation for leaders and political actors, while also exploring the distinction between ethics (akhlaq) and morality in the Islamic context. The findings indicate that integrating political studies with Islamic values can create a model of governance that is not only structurally strong but also morally and spiritually elevated. Thus, Islam offers a holistic normative framework for building a just and civilized political system.

The study of hadith in the contemporary era is not only limited to the theological dimension, but also extends to the socio-political and state realms. This is important to understand fair, inclusive governance based on Islamic values. In the context of modern Muslim countries, including Indonesia, the urgency to re-examine the function of hadith as a source of ethics and norms in politics is increasing, especially in facing the challenges of leadership and covering up power. This study aims to apply the thematic hadith approach (maudhu'i) in understanding contemporary political and state issues. The method used is qualitative literature study with a thematic approach, examining hadiths from authentic books such as Sahih Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud, as well as classical literature and accredited scientific journals. The results of the study show that thematic hadiths provide a strong ethical and normative framework for the formation of a government system that is oriented towards justice, deliberation, and the responsibility of leaders. Hadith is also the basis for legitimizing criticism of authoritarian power, relevant to be implemented in democratic systems in Muslim-majority countries. Thus, the integration of hadith in contemporary political discourse is not merely idealistic, but has an epistemic basis that can be realized institutionally.  

Sustainable development in coastal areas requires collaborative governance involving multiple stakeholders, including government, private sector, and communities. Makassar, as a major coastal city in Eastern Indonesia, faces significant challenges in implementing sustainable development programs in its coastal areas.This study examines the influence of collaborative governance on the success of sustainable development programs in Makassar's coastal areas, with a focus on accountability mechanisms and stakeholder engagement processes.This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with 150 respondents from government agencies, private sector, NGOs, and local communities. Data were collected from January to October 2024 in four coastal sub-districts of Makassar.The study reveals that collaborative governance significantly influences the success of sustainable development programs (β = 0.687, p < 0.001). Key mediating factors include transparency in resource allocation (β = 0.445, p < 0.01), community participation in decision-making (β = 0.523, p < 0.001), and integrated monitoring systems (β = 0.398, p < 0.05). Effective collaborative governance enhances sustainable development program outcomes through improved accountability, resource efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction. The findings suggest that formal collaboration frameworks and transparent financial reporting mechanisms are critical success factors.

Based on research conducted using normative and empirical juridical methods at Class I and IIA Correctional Institutions in Bandar Lampung, the implementation of wage rights for inmates participating in independence development programs as mandated by Law No. 22 of 2022 and Government Regulation No. 32 of 1999 shows that the wage distribution mechanism (50% incentive for inmates, 35% for development funds, and 15% to the state treasury) has been executed through collective labor agreements and an integrated bookkeeping system. The results indicate that over 70% of inmates actively participate in productive activities such as carpentry and handicrafts, with an average wage increase of 15% within one year due to innovations in waste-based craft products. However, productivity varies between activities (85% of target in woodworking versus 60% in sewing) due to raw material constraints, and wage disbursement is delayed by an average of 10 working days because of manual verification procedures and report synchronization. To optimize this system, it is recommended to increase the number of coaching and administrative staff, improve production facilities, digitize bookkeeping and inmate savings accounts, and diversify programs according to local market needs.

This article discusses the Cancellation of Grants by Parents to Children Based on a case study of decision Number 100/Pdt.G/2024/PN Skt., this study analyzes the legal consequences of the cancellation of grants made between parents and their biological children. A grant is a type of unilateral agreement that is free and basically cannot be canceled, except under certain conditions as regulated in Article 1688 of the Civil Code and Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. If related to the problems in the decision, then Ms. Mar Intan gave a grant to her child, R Akun Rumawas, through a valid notary deed. However, the problem arose when there was an alleged intervention by a third party, namely (Mrs. Handariningsih) who influenced the free will of the grantor, causing the agreement to be flawed. The normative legal method and qualitative approach were used in this study. Court decisions were evaluated using qualitative methods. This study shows that intervention by a third party that causes a discrepancy in will can be a reason for the court to cancel a grant, even though the grant was made according to procedure. This result emphasizes how important it is to maintain the will of freedom in providing grants in accordance with legal regulations in every legal act of grants to ensure justice and legal stability so that it can provide certainty, justice and legal benefits for the community.

This study aims to examine diabetes mellitus from an Islamic spiritual perspective, as well as how the concept of a harmonious family and the teachings of the Qur'an can be implemented as part of healing and prevention efforts. This study uses a qualitative method based on libraries by examining primary and secondary sources in the form of the Qur'an, hadith, health literature, and the thoughts of scholars. The results of the study indicate that diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to insulin disorders. From an Islamic perspective, one of the causes of this disease is excessive stress, an unbalanced diet, and a lack of self-control, all of which are forms of the physical and spiritual world. The Qur'an provides a solution through a spiritual approach such as dhikr, fasting, and honey consumption. In the context of Islamic law, maintaining health is part of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, especially in maintaining the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and maintaining religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), because a healthy body is needed to carry out worship perfectly. Therefore, efforts to cure and prevent diabetes through a spiritual approach are not only medical and psychological, but also a sharia obligation that has worship value. This study confirms that a holistic approach between medical, spiritual, and Islamic law can provide a positive contribution in dealing with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

A comfortable classroom environment plays a crucial role in supporting effective learning processes at the elementary school level. This comfort includes physical aspects such as lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, and room arrangement, as well as psychological aspects such as peer relationships, teacher approach, and emotional atmosphere in the classroom. When students feel physically and emotionally comfortable, they tend to be more focused, calm, and ready to absorb learning material. A pleasant environment can create a positive learning experience and foster enthusiasm for school activities. This study aims to examine the influence of classroom environmental comfort on elementary school students’ learning motivation. Using a descriptive approach, data were collected through observations and questionnaires that explored students’ perceptions of their classroom conditions. The results show that the more comfortable students feel in their classroom, the greater their motivation to actively engage in learning activities. A supportive classroom atmosphere is proven to enhance learning spirit, participation, and curiosity. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools pay closer attention to classroom comfort as part of a broader strategy to improve the quality of education at the elementary level.

This study aims to examine the implementation of digital educational games to enhance the understanding of fraction concepts among fifth-grade elementary school students. The background of this research lies in the low mastery of fraction material and the lack of student engagement due to conventional teaching approaches. The research used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were divided into an experimental group, which received digital educational game-based learning, and a control group, which was taught using traditional lectures and practice questions. The results showed a significant improvement in the understanding of fractions in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings indicate that digital educational games can enhance motivation, engagement, and the effectiveness of mathematics learning. This research recommends the integration of interactive digital media as an innovative strategy for teaching mathematics in elementary schools.

Dance education has a strategic role in shaping students' character and developing their creativity and discipline potential from an early age. Amidst the challenges of modern education that tend to emphasize cognitive aspects, arts education is often marginalized, even though art, especially dance, has a major contribution to the formation of personality and the development of students' creative thinking skills and responsible attitudes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of dance education in fostering creativity and discipline in elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, with data sources coming from books, accredited journal articles, and relevant previous research results. Data analysis was carried out using Miles and Huberman's interactive techniques which include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that dance activities provide a wide space for students to express their ideas and feelings creatively through movement, as well as forming a disciplined attitude through routine practice, group work, and regularity in the performance process. In addition, dance education also contributes to strengthening students' cultural identity and social-emotional abilities. In conclusion, dance arts education plays a significant role in fostering students' creativity and discipline, although it still faces various obstacles such as limited teachers, facilities, and lack of attention to art in the school curriculum.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using animated video media in improving elementary school students’ understanding of the material of changes in the form of objects, which includes the process of melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing, and sublimating. The material is often difficult for students to understand because it is abstract and cannot always be observed directly. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, where data is collected and analyzed from various reliable sources such as accredited scientific journal articles, books, and previous research results. The analysis technique used refers to the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the animated video media can improve students’ cognitive understanding through visualization of complex processes, strengthen information retention, and reduce common misconceptions. In addition, this media is also proven to increase students’ motivation, interest in learning, and participation in learning. The effectiveness of animated videos is greatly influenced by the quality of visual design, narration, appropriate duration, and their integration in learning activities such as discussions or experiments. Despite challenges such as limited facilities and teacher training needs, strategic solutions can be implemented to optimize the use of this media. Thus, animated videos can be an innovative and relevant strategic alternative in science learning in elementary schools, especially in conveying abstract concepts in a concrete and fun way.