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The teaching of Indonesian language in elementary schools plays a crucial role in developing students' literacy skills, particularly in narrative writing. However, in practice, many students struggle with generating ideas, constructing storylines, and utilizing proper language structures. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in enhancing narrative writing skills among fifth-grade elementary students. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach was employed. The study involved two groups: the experimental group received instruction based on CTL, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Data analysis indicated a significant improvement in the narrative writing skills of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. The CTL approach was shown to be effective in improving students' learning outcomes by relating lesson content to real-life experiences, while also fostering active participation and creativity. These findings suggest that CTL can be an effective instructional strategy for teaching writing in elementary schools.

At several levels of education, particularly at SMP Dewantara in Bekasi Regency, students continue to face difficulties in achieving satisfactory learning outcomes in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject. The predominantly lecture-based teaching style in class IX.A has not been effective in encouraging active student participation, resulting in low mastery of the subject matter. The aim of this study is to improve learning outcomes by integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model into PAI instruction. This study involved 12 students from class IX.A as subjects and was conducted over two cycles using a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) strategy. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively through observations, tests, and interviews. Based on the collected data, students' average scores increased significantly from 76.67 before the intervention to 98.33 in the second cycle. Learning mastery also improved from 58% to 100%. By creating a more dynamic, collaborative, and real-world-relevant learning environment, the PBL approach proved effective in helping students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Reading is a basic language skill that plays a crucial role in the learning process at the elementary level. However, many students in grade V of elementary schools still face difficulties in reading comprehension. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of audiovisual media in improving reading skills of fifth grade students. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), by analyzing various national journals and studies published within the last five years. The results of the literature review indicate that audiovisual media significantly enhances students' interest, focus, and comprehension in reading activities. In conclusion, audiovisual media is proven to be a practical and innovative tool to support reading instruction, and its implementation is recommended to improve literacy outcomes in elementary education.

Getting satisfactory student learning outcomes is the most expected goal by all teachers. However, if the reality is not as expected, especially in elementary school units, of course, teachers' steps do not stop to improve and achieve the main goal. That is what happened to students in grade VI of SDN Harjasari 1, South Bogor District, Bogor City, where the Writer is assigned. The lack of student learning activities in the classroom is the main cause of not getting maximum learning results. For this reason, the author conducted research by applying the Group Investigation Learning Model  as a step to maximize student learning outcomes in the classroom. By forming heterogeneous groups to carry out Natural and Social Science practice activities on artificial vegetative plant propagation, students are more active and can provide group results that are inventions. As a result, students were able to show an increase in learning outcomes well, from 81.5% in the first cycle to 92.6% in the second cycle. Conveying the results of group work, discussing, expressing discoveries while practicing, being thorough, appreciating the work of other groups and providing good learning results is proof that by applying the Group Investigation learning model  has succeeded in achieving the research goals expected by the author. However, this achievement does not indicate that this is the end of the learning model in the teaching and learning process in schools. Educators should use a variety of more interesting learning models to achieve their desired educational goals and as a way to improve their quality as professional teachers at the elementary school level in Indonesia.

Many teachers complain about the low learning outcomes of students in Mathematics lessons. This situation also occurred in grade IV at SDN Megamendung 01 related to learning the number of thousands. One of the causes of the lack of learning achievement is the lack of students' understanding of the number of thousands. As professional educators, teachers must be able to hold an active, creative, and fun learning process for students. Thus, it is hoped that it can encourage the improvement of student activities and learning outcomes through appropriate methods. This research was carried out at SDN Megamendung 01 Megamendung District, Bogor Regency from March to May 2025 in two cycles, involving 17 students, consisting of 8 boys and 9 girls. This research provides benefits both theoretically and practically for students, teachers, and related educational institutions. The order of learning improvement actions in the form of learning thousands of numbers from: (1) sorting numbers from small to large, (2) sorting the largest to the smallest using the number card tool in the teaching of Mathematics Class IV. The findings of the study show that there is an increase in student learning achievement through improving the learning process until the second cycle by applying the Tike And Give Learning Model. Learning achievement can be seen from the increase in final grades from the beginning of cycle I to cycle II. Where the average test score in the pre-cycle increased from 50.59 to 61.48 in the first cycle and to 80 in the second cycle. Therefore, it is hoped that teachers can improve their ability to manage the classroom and have an appropriate learning model to increase student participation and learning outcomes.

The research aims to explore how Quizziz can be effective in improving the understanding of currency recognition in learners with disabilities. The research used a quantitative approach and an experimental method of one group pre-test post-test design to collect data on student learning outcomes. Data collection was done through written tests in the form of multiple choice, with analysis using parametric statistical techniques and Paired Sample T-Test test. The data findings showed that the average student pretest score was 66.0 and which then increased to 89.3 on the posttest, with an average difference of 23.3 points. The statistical test resulted in a significance value of p = 0.004, which is a value that shows the significance of the difference and increase in scores. The increase in the results obtained is an indication that when learning is carried out with gamification and visual-based media such as Quizizz is able to provide assistance in helping students understand the basic concepts of currency and increase learning motivation through an attractive and interactive display. Thus, it can be concluded that the Quizizz application can be a feasible alternative for use in learning, especially to increase the independence of students with disabilities in daily life through mastery of currency recognition material.

Classroom discipline management plays an important role in creating a conducive learning environment and influences students' motivation and engagement in learning. This study aims to analyze the effect of classroom discipline management on students' motivation and engagement in the teaching and learning process. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey technique involving students from various levels of education as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and linear regression. The results of the study indicate that effective classroom discipline management, which includes clear rules, consistency in application, and an approach that supports student development, significantly increases students' motivation to learn and engagement in learning. Thus, teachers are expected to be able to apply appropriate classroom discipline strategies to improve the quality of learning and students' academic outcomes.

Canva learning media is an online learning platform for graphic design in various creative designs to facilitate its users such as designing posters, infographics and presentations. Not only for designing but can be used as a learning medium for teachers, students and schools in classroom learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of perceptions on the use of Canva interactive media and students' learning interests on students' Mathematics learning outcomes at SMPN 2 Cianjur. This study uses a Quantitative Approach with the Survey method. The research design used is multiple linear regression analysis. The research sample was 35 students at SMPN 2 Cianjur. Based on the results of the research data analysis, 76% of responses were obtained based on the questionnaire distributed, respondents agreed that there was an influence of perceptions on the use of Canva interactive media and students' learning interests on mathematics learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe the effect of implementing Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) on improving Physical Education (PJOK) learning outcomes for students. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a design model based on Kurt Lewin's opinion, which consists of four stages: Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. The research subjects were 40 seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the 2024/2025 academic year. The data collection instrument used in this study was a learning outcome test on the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material. This research was conducted over two cycles, each consisting of two meetings and one assessment, which consisted of four stages: planning, action, reflection, and evaluation, from late April to mid-May 2025. Data were analyzed at each cycle, and percentage analysis was performed. The learning outcomes in the first cycle showed that 54% of students achieved mastery, with an average score of 73.19. An improvement was seen in the second cycle, with 80% of students achieving mastery, with an average score of 80.11. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) can improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material.

Differentiated Learning in Merdeka Belajar Curriculum has become a major concern in an effort to improve student learning outcomes, especially in Christian Religious Education subjects. This article examines the strategies used in differentiated learning to achieve this goal. The research methodology involves a systematic library study approach, where information related to differentiated learning and Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is collected from various sources in the library. Analysis and synthesis of findings from various sources of information were conducted to identify strategies that are effective in improving student learning outcomes. The results highlight the importance of a differentiated approach in teaching Christian Religious Education, including the use of diverse learning methods and differentiation-based assessment. The implication of the findings is that differentiated learning can be key to creating a learning environment that is inclusive and responsive to students' individual needs. By effectively implementing differentiated learning strategies, it is expected that student learning outcomes in Christian Religious Education will improve, in accordance with the vision of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum to empower every student to reach their maximum potential.    

This study aims to improve the learning motivation of fourth-grade students of SDN 3 Jambu in Javanese language subjects, especially in Javanese script material, through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model combined with the use of flash cards. The background of this study is the low learning motivation of students as seen from the lack of active participation, low enthusiasm during learning, and lack of interest in the Javanese script material. These conditions have an impact on the achievement of unsatisfactory learning outcomes and an unpleasant learning atmosphere. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 20 fourth-grade students. Data collection techniques were carried out using observations of student activities, interviews with teachers and students, documentation of learning activities, and evaluation tests to measure learning outcomes at the end of each cycle. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning motivation after the implementation of the TGT learning model assisted by flash cards. This can be seen from the increasing activeness of students in groups, their enthusiasm in participating in educational games, and the results of learning evaluations that show a positive trend from cycle I to cycle II. The TGT model, which is based on cooperation and healthy competition, creates a more lively and enjoyable learning atmosphere and stimulates active student involvement. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament learning model supported by flashcard media is effective in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes in the Javanese Language subject, Javanese Script material.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative learning in enhancing business communication skills among management students. The research involved 60 undergraduate management students at STIE Ganesha, enrolled in Business Introduction and Business English courses. Conducted over four months (February–May 2025), the study employed a mixed-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative data collection. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic coding were used to analyze the data. The results show that 78% of students gained greater confidence in presenting ideas, 65% improved their use of business terminology, and 70% became more active listeners. Regression analysis confirmed a significant influence of collaborative learning on communication skills (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of lecturers’ facilitation in managing group dynamics and addressing dominance issues among students. The study suggests that the integration of collaborative learning methods into the management curriculum is crucial for enhancing students' soft skills, preparing them for future professional challenges. Additionally, it advocates for the development of structured collaborative activities to promote effective teamwork, active engagement, and better communication outcomes in academic settings, ultimately contributing to students' overall personal and professional growth.

This study analyzes the influence of information technology (IT)-based learning models on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education (PAK) students. In the digital era, PAK is required to adapt in order to shape the character and spirituality of students. Using a qualitative literature study of the literature, it was found that models such as e-learning, blended learning, AI, interactive multimedia, and advanced LMS significantly improve learning outcomes. This improvement is driven by the flexibility of material access, motivation via interactivity and personalization, global collaboration, and the development of digital literacy and Christian ethics. Despite infrastructure and competency challenges, the strategic implementation of IT learning models has been proven to transform the PAK learning process, contributing to improving students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor achievements.

 This study aims to compare student learning outcomes between digital media-based learning and conventional methods. The research subjects consisted of two classes: Class VIII E as the control class, which learned through lectures, dictation, and summarizing, and Class VIII F as the experimental class, which used PowerPoint, the Kahoot application, and instructional videos. The study was conducted over four meetings within four weeks. Pretests and posttests were used to measure learning improvement and analyzed using the n-gain formula. The results showed that the average n-gain score of the control class was higher than that of the experimental class. This indicates that although the experimental class used interactive digital media, the control class demonstrated better comprehension of the material, most likely due to the summarizing activity that helped students focus and internalize the content more deeply. These findings suggest that conventional methods involving active student engagement through note-taking and summarizing still have high effectiveness in learning, and the implications may serve as a consideration in designing instructional strategies suited to students' learning characteristics.

This study aims to determine the difference in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction. This study uses an experimental method in the form of one group pretest-posttest with a total sample of 36 students in grade 11 of the Accounting Department. The statistical test results show the value of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05. Thus, hypothesis testing which states that there are differences in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction is accepted in this study.

This study aims to identify the determinant factors in implementing innovation in the field of education in Makassar City, using qualitative research. Based on the source, the types of data used are primary and secondary. Data obtained through interviews with the education office and principals, while secondary data is data obtained from various literature such as books, laws and other related sources. The results of the study indicate that there are 3 main determinant factors in implementing innovation in the field of education, namely a). Leadership that plays an important role in implementing innovation wisely and encouraging the enthusiasm of teachers, students and stakeholders, with the commitment of visionary leaders playing a very important role in building a culture of innovation in the midst of educational transformation. Leadership can ensure that schools face future challenges and maximize technology to improve student learning outcomes. b) A conducive school culture is important for innovation and technological development in the world of education, school culture is interpreted as the quality of school life that continues to grow and develop based on a hard work ethic and certain values ​​​​held by the school. c) Resources as the fulfillment of the need for adequate resources are important so that innovation can be implemented effectively. Educational innovation strategies involve collaboration and involvement of stakeholders, such as teachers, students, parents, school administrators, and policy makers.

This study aims to identify, measure, and analyze the influence of learning independence on student learning outcomes with learning motivation as a mediator in public high schools in East Jakarta. This study involves 10th-grade students from 3 (three) public high schools in East Jakarta based on different categories, with a total of 273 respondents selected through the Simple Random Sampling technique. The approach used in this study is quantitative, and data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method through SmartPLS version 4.0 software. The results of the hypothesis testing show that, 1) learning independence has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, 2) learning independence has a positive and significant effect on learning motivation, 3) learning motivation has a negative and significant effect on learning outcomes, and 4) learning independence has a negative and significant effect on learning outcomes through the indirect influence of learning motivation. This study shows the involvement of other more dominant factors as mediating variables in the relationship between learning independence and student learning outcomes.

Community service represents a tangible contribution of higher education institutions in improving the quality of learning at the elementary level. This service activity was carried out collaboratively by lecturers and students at MI Miftahul Huda 2 Palangka Raya with the aim of enhancing the quality of IPAS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial) learning through the development of interactive teaching materials based on Canva. The program applied the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which emphasizes the empowerment of existing assets within the school community. The implementation involved mentoring sessions, technical guidance, and direct classroom application of the developed materials. Effectiveness was evaluated through pretests and posttests, showing an increase in students' understanding from an average pretest score of 55.19 to a posttest score of 77.04, with an average N-Gain of 0.47 (moderate category). Validation results from subject matter experts (96%), design experts (97%), and classroom teachers (89%) confirmed that the developed media were appropriate in terms of content, visual quality, and language use. In addition to improving learning outcomes, the use of technology-based teaching media also increased student motivation and teacher engagement during the learning process. The outcomes of this program not only provided direct benefits to the partner school but also demonstrated the potential for broader application as a participatory and sustainable model for digital innovation in basic education.

In the digital era, learning Pancasila Education at SD Negeri 01 Watusalam faces challenges in delivering material that is interesting and easy for students to understand. This research aims to examine the use of the Canva graphic design application in increasing the effectiveness of Pancasila education learning in the school. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that using Canva in learning can increase students' creativity, allowing them to create more interesting and interactive learning materials, such as posters and infographics, which help them understand the values ​​of Pancasila better. Apart from that, using Canva also increases student involvement and motivation in the learning process. However, this research also identified several limitations, such as limited access to technological devices and stable internet connections, as well as a lack of training for teachers in using graphic design applications such as Canva. However, with the right guidance and optimal use, Canva can be an effective tool for improving student learning outcomes and developing graphic design skills relevant to the needs of today's digital world. This research recommends the need for training for teachers in using Canva and improving technology infrastructure in schools to support digital-based learning.

Various studies show that learning evaluation instruments in the field still dominantly emphasize memorization aspects and do not fully measure students' higher-level thinking skills. The mismatch between learning objectives and evaluation instruments has an impact on the low validity of learning outcomes. This research aims to identify fundamental principles in the development of test-based evaluation instruments and assess their effectiveness in representing learning outcomes. This research adopts qualitative method with descriptive-analytical research type and uses literature review technique. Data were collected through documentation study of national journal articles, textbooks, and relevant digital documents. The technique applied to analyze the data was content analysis. The findings of this study indicate that an effective evaluation instrument must fulfill the principles of validity, reliability, objectivity, and practicality, and be supported by the principles of integration, pedagogical value, accountability, and continuity. Instruments built based on these principles not only act as instruments for measuring cognitive achievement, but also as reflection tools that encourage the spirit of learning and continuous improvement of teaching.