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This research aims to analyze the obstacles faced in learning flat shapes in elementary schools, both by teachers and students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through observation and interviews with teachers in elementary schools. The research results show that the main obstacles faced by teachers are limited interactive learning media and limited time to practice the material in depth. Meanwhile, obstacles for students are difficulties in understanding abstract concepts and lack of interest in mathematical material. Based on the results of the analysis, this research suggests using more varied learning media and developing more interactive teaching strategies to increase students' understanding and interest in learning flat figures.

Mathematics is part of the curriculum in Indonesia and has a very important role at every level of education. So that mathematics learning is expected to produce an important contribution in shaping students' character. Mathematics learning should be well designed by inserting character values in learning planning so that the goal of building student character can be achieved. The author will examine one example of realistic mathematics learning. The aim of realistic mathematics learning is to ensure that students not only achieve success in the cognitive aspect, but also experience positive changes in their attitudes and character.

This research examines the impact of using Educaplay interactive media on improving mathematics learning outcomes for grade III students. Based on a comparison of the results before and after the test, Educaplay was proven to increase student learning completion levels from 60% to 86.67%. Apart from that, Educaplay increases student motivation and involvement in the learning process so that it is more interactive and interesting. Educaplay provides a more diverse learning experience and helps students gain a deeper understanding of mathematics content.These results show that the use of technology-based media in learning has a positive impact on student achievement and participation and improves the quality of mathematics learning at the elementary school level.These results recommend the use of Educaplay as a learning medium to encourage active student participation and improve learning outcomes.

Social Studies (IPS) is one of the subjects taught at the elementary / MI / SDLB level to SMP / MTs / SMP / SMPLB. IPS examines various claims, facts, assumptions, and generalizations related to social issues, by covering disciplines such as Geography, History, Sociology, and Economics in the SMP / MTs curriculum. Through social studies learning, students are encouraged to become active citizens, caring, politically aware, and have a global awareness and love of peace.This research uses a literature analysis method or literature review approach. Social studies covers a variety of subjects, including science, mathematics, and Indonesian language, thus placing it as a challenging field of study. Social studies learning seeks to answer various human rights issues and daily social problems faced by society. In the process, social studies learning is characterized by challenges and complexities that must be faced by educators and students. Keywords: Social Science, Education and Curriculum, Social and Civic Issues, Literature Review

This study aims to examine the impact of using visual aids on students' mathematics achievement in division material at the elementary school level. The method implemented was a quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest group design. The subjects of this study were third-grade elementary school students, divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used visual aids, and the control group, which applied conventional methods. The study's findings indicate that the experimental group, which applied visual aids, showed a significant improvement in mathematics achievement, particularly in division material. The average pretest score of the experimental group was 75.2, while the posttest score increased to 80.9. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the use of visual aids has a positive impact on students' mathematics achievement in division material.

This research was conducted to find out the extent of students' thinking skills using a realistic mathematical approach or the realistic mathematic education (RME) approach. This approach uses a qualitative method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The tenic used is observation and wawwancara. This research was conducted by us Mataram State Islamic University students. This study is located in MIN LLL Mataram City precisely in class V teachers. The researcher also analyzes with qualitative data analysis, based on the results obtained from observations and interviews, it shows that students' creative thinking skills use realistic mathematical approaches are still less, because teachers need a long time To be able to make students understand related to learning mathematics using PMR, and students assume that learning mathematics is very difficult.

In an educational context, especially in mathematics learning, emotional intelligence can play a significant role in how students face challenges, deal with stress, and interact with classmates and teachers. Students with high emotional intelligence tend to have better strategies for managing their feelings, which can help them stay focused, motivated, and more open to learning. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a correlational approach, namely research that determines the relationship between two or more variables with a symmetrical relationship. The quantitative descriptive method is a research method that aims to describe a situation objectively using numbers. Thus, there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar. These results are shown by Fcount Ftable, namely 3.24 2.48. The R2 value is 0.0939.3%, this can be stated that the contribution of emotional intelligence to the mathematics results of grade 5 students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar is 9.3%, the rest is influenced by other factors. The prerequisite test shows that the two variables are normally distributed . Using simple regression, a significant positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar at 9.3%.

This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) tools in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. By analyzing experimental data from VR-based STEM lessons across multiple schools, the research highlights how immersive experiences can help students understand complex concepts, increase motivation, and improve retention. The findings emphasize the potential of VR to transform traditional STEM education by providing interactive and engaging learning environments.

This research is based on the importance of learning realistic mathematics in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of learning by using realistic mathematics learning models in improving the mathematical understanding of students of class VI MIN 2 Mataram City. PMR is a learning approach to mathematics that involves the reality and experience of students. In mathematics learning students are required to be more active in finding and finding solutions to a problem, so that learning that occurs will be centered on students. The research method used is a qualiative method for collecting data through observation, interviews and documents. The results showed that the application of realistic mathematics learning was effective in increasing students' mathematical understanding in the discovery of mathematical concepts through contextual learning and relevant to daily life. Thus, this research provides a significant involvement in understanding the role of PMR in increasing the mathematical understanding of students as well as part of an effective mathematical learning approach.

This research aims to analyze the comparison of using contextual learning media (concrete) involving technology in improving the mathematics learning outcomes of first-grade elementary school students.  The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach.  Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation to understand students' interactions with creative learning media and its impact on their understanding of basic mathematical concepts.  The results of this study indicate that the use of learning media, both contextual (concrete) and involving technology, such as visual aids and educational games, can increase students' interest in learning, help them understand the material more easily, and have a positive impact on their mathematics learning outcomes.  It is hoped that the use of innovative and creative learning media can continue to be applied in mathematics education to support the cognitive development and interest of students in mathematics from an early age.  However, the use of concrete learning media involving counting boards and jumping frogs is hindered by time efficiency.

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is an approach to teaching mathematics that emphasizes the use of real-world contexts to enhance students' understanding and problem-solving abilities. This study explores the implementation of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) at SDN 2 Mataram to enhance students' problem-solving skills in mathematics related to real-life contexts. Observations and interviews with teachers indicate that this approach effectively improves students' understanding and motivation. Through steps such as understanding the contextual problem, explaining, solving, comparing answers, and drawing conclusions, students become more active in learning. RME has proven to help students solve mathematical problems using real-world contexts, such as shopping or measuring objects. This approach positively impacts mathematics instruction at the elementary school level.

Geoboard digital as an interactive educational tool to impart the principles of geometry in elementary school mathematics education. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of integrating geoboardDigital as an interactive learning medium for teaching geometry concepts in elementary school, while also evaluating the impact of its usage on students' comprehension and visualization skills in geometry. Additionally, it aims to compare the effectiveness of geoboardDigital with traditional methodologies in geometry education, as well as assess student response and engagement levels when utilizing geoboardDigital. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research delves into how the integration of technology such as geoboardDigital enhances understanding and student engagement in geometry education. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and field notes, with data triangulation methods utilized for analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that the application of geoboardDigital effectively enhances students' visualization and comprehension of geometric concepts through its interactive functionalities. Interview results indicate that students find geoboardDigital to be easily accessible and engaging, particularly in creating geometric shapes using pins and virtual ribbons.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties of grade 4 students in understanding the concept of fractions and their impact on mathematics learning. The research participants consisted of 4th grade students at an elementary school in City Research finds that many students have difficulty understanding the concept of fractions, especially in dividing fractions, simplifying, and comparing fractions. Apart from that, it was also found that this difficulty was related to a lack of understanding of basic number concepts and poor basic mathematical operation skills. The results of this research indicate that there is a need to improve the structure and focus of learning so that students understand the concepts better. The use of more interactive learning media also needs to be considered to increase student understanding. The aim of this research is to help grade 4 students overcome difficulties in understanding the concept of fractions in mathematics learning. Through interactive learning, it is hoped that the mathematics learning process can be improved.

This study aims to determine the effect of Polya's strategy in improving students' interpretation ability in solving problems contained in story problems on mixed number operations. The method used in this research is a pre-experimental design method with one-group pretest-posttest design type with quantitative research model. The population used in this study were grade V students of SDN X, Lubang Buaya Village, Cipayung District, East Jakarta as many as 13 students. The research data collection technique is using multiple choice questions and essay instruments given to students at the beginning and end of learning. The results showed that there was an influence on students' interpretation ability in solving math story problems on mixed number counting operation material.  This is evidenced by the results of the Paired Sample T-test data analysis with a significance value <0.05, which is 0.000 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an influence on the ability to interpret math story problems on mixed number operations using Polya's learning strategy for fifth grade students at SD X.

This research discusses variations in students' ability to understand mathematical concepts as well as the challenges faced by teachers in adapting effective teaching strategies. Differences in mathematical understanding between students are often caused by factors such as educational background, learning motivation, and the teaching methods applied. This article examines adaptive teaching solutions, such as problem-based learning, the use of educational technology, and collaborative approaches to help teachers meet the needs of students with varying levels of understanding. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. By using observation and interviews as data collection methods, this research found that differences in students' mathematical understanding abilities were caused by internal and external factors, such as motivation, academic background, and teaching methods. The research results show that students have different abilities in understanding mathematics learning concepts.

Many students find traditional learning methods to be uninteresting, which can lead to a lackluster classroom environment. This is often due to teachers delivering material that fails to engage students and a lack of interaction between teachers and students. As a result, students may struggle to understand the material presented to them, leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. However, advancements in technology offer solutions to this issue. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) is an effective way to support learning and make it more engaging. Studies show that incorporating VR in elementary school mathematics education can be particularly helpful. VR allows for a more realistic and contextual learning experience, making topics that are often considered difficult or boring more interesting and interactive. In addition, research has shown that technology such as Wolfram's Mathematica can improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts and computational skills. This research aims to explore teachers' understanding of the potential of VR as a learning medium and how it can be used to visualize abstract concepts that are challenging to grasp. By implementing this technology, we can improve learning outcomes for elementary school students.

The main reason underlying this research is that many students feel that mathematics is a difficult subject, which leads to low learning outcomes in this subject. This research aims to explore the influence of the spinning top learning method on the addition of whole numbers in class III students in elementary schools. Using a quantitative experimental research design, data was obtained through pre-test and post-test to evaluate student skills. The results of the analysis show that the application of the top method significantly improves student learning outcomes, with the average post-test score being higher than the average pre-test score. From this research, it can be concluded that: (1) The mathematics learning method used has proven to be very effective. (2) The test results show an increase in students' mathematical abilities. (3) The spinning top method has a positive impact in improving mathematics learning skills, especially for class III students. This research also shows that this method has proven effective in increasing motivation. and students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

The change of the curriculum to the Independent Curriculum made the National Exam (UN) officially change to the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). The evaluation carried out in the National Assessment consisted of reasoning ability using language (literacy), reasoning ability using mathematics (numeracy), and strengthening character education. Despite the lack of significant improvement in Indonesia's literacy, numeracy, and science skills rankings over the past 18 years, the country consistently ranks in the bottom 10 in PISA test results. Facing the current Independent curriculum, teachers must be able to teach based on literacy and numeracy skills, because this is the indicator in AKM and PISA-based assessments. If teachers master literacy and numeracy skills, then teachers can convey materials related to literacy and numeracy clearly and correctly for students. Teachers are expected to innovate to develop student competencies through various lessons through student-centred teaching. This Community Service is a community partnership program in collaboration with SMKN 3 Lhokseumawe. Service activities are by providing material on literacy and numeracy-based learning. During the service program, teachers are given knowledge about literacy and numeracy, the form of questions, and the number of percentages of questions in the AKM, which are useful for strengthening teachers' literacy and numeracy.

This research aims to determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities in permutation material through the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This research is classroom action research (PTK) with research subjects being students of class XI TPM 2 SMK Negeri 1 Madiun, totaling 34 students. In this research, the instruments used were problem-solving ability tests and observation sheets. In this research there are two cycles, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection which follows the Lewin model procedure. In this study, the minimum learning completeness obtained was >75%. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is adapted to the Hiles and Huberman technique, including data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this research show that there is an increase in problem solving abilities using the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This can be seen from the number of students who have achieved the very good problem solving ability category, namely 15.63% in the pre-cycle, then increasing to 25 % in cycle 1, and then increased in cycle 2, namely 53%, and in cycle 2 learning completion had reached 84.38%.  

The change of the curriculum to the Independent Curriculum made the National Exam (UN) officially change to the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). The evaluation carried out in the National Assessment consisted of reasoning ability using language (literacy), reasoning ability using mathematics (numeracy), and strengthening character education. Despite the lack of significant improvement in Indonesia's literacy, numeracy, and science skills rankings over the past 18 years, the country consistently ranks in the bottom 10 in PISA test results. Facing the current Independent curriculum, teachers must be able to teach based on literacy and numeracy skills, because this is the indicator in AKM and PISA-based assessments. If teachers master literacy and numeracy skills, then teachers can convey materials related to literacy and numeracy clearly and correctly for students. Teachers are expected to innovate to develop student competencies through various lessons through student-centred teaching. This Community Service is a community partnership program in collaboration with SMKN 3 Lhokseumawe. Service activities are by providing material on literacy and numeracy-based learning. During the service program, teachers are given knowledge about literacy and numeracy, the form of questions, and the number of percentages of questions in the AKM, which are useful for strengthening teachers' literacy and numeracy.