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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is a concept that describes the dynamics of the relationship between a leader and each member of the work team in an organizational unit. LMX plays a crucial role in creating employee job satisfaction within an organization. This study aims to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the application of LMX theory in a corporate context, as well as its implications in managerial practice. Through this research, data from various sources are compared and analyzed, which come from several journals that are the main references. This research is an important first step in understanding the complex relationship between leaders and team members in an organization, and its consequences in achieving optimal organizational performance.                                                       

This research aims to determine and analyze the comparative development of local revenue (PAD), general allocation funds (DAU) and regional expenditure in Central Kalimantan province. The variables used in this research are PAD, DAU and regional expenditure. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method using the One Way Anova analysis technique using SPSS software and obtains normality test results, homogeneity tests and one way Anova test results. The data used is secondary data sourced from the APBD posture, Central Kalimantan TKKD posture in the 2018-2022 period, from the internet, books and supporting journals in this research.    

This study aims to determine the impact of the IOS on the quality of profits of companies involved in LQ45 for the 2018/2022. The population of this study is comprised of LQ45 companies that are listed on the Indonesia stock exchange in 2018/2022. The sample employs a purposive sampling method in the selection of samples, this method causes the observed samples to be 41 companies that have been in existence for a period of five years. This results in a data set of 205. This research employs secondary data derived from the company's website. The hypothesis testing employed is a simple technique for regression analysis. The research results indicate that the Investment Opportunity Set and the financial leverage have a significant positive effect on the quality of earnings, the age of the company has no significant effect on the quality of earnings, and liquidity has a significant negative effect on the quality of earnings. Future researchers should consider adding variables that may influence the quality of earnings. Future additions should include other proxies for cash, such as holding cash.  

This research aims to examine the Legal Protection for Cooperative Members in Standard Agreements on Digital Financial Services as well as the Legal Protection provided to Cooperative Members if there are problems with Digital Financial Services. The legal research method used by researchers is normative legal research. Normative legal research uses legal behavioral products, for example reviewing laws. The results of this research show that the legal protection provided to cooperative members regarding standard agreements is preventive legal protection, namely creating regulations in this case standard agreements and repressive legal protection aimed at resolving disputes arising from legal consequences. The legal remedies that can be taken are Litigation and Non-Litigation.

Challenges in establishing customary forests in Indonesia are caused by complicated bureaucracy, lack of synchronization between central and local bureaucracy, and the politics of citizen struggle using the identity of indigenous peoples. In the face of changes to Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL), there needs to be a careful approach and close collaboration between the local government, the central government, and indigenous peoples to achieve a balance between economic development, environmental preservation, and the rights of indigenous peoples. The research specification used in this research is descriptive analytical, which seeks to describe or describe events and events without conducting hypotheses and statistical calculations. Also normative juridical, namely research based on Ministerial regulations, books, and decrees of the Regent of North Tapanuli. The central and local governments have taken significant steps in recognizing and protecting the traditional and cultural rights of indigenous peoples. Changes in the Areal Penggunaan Lain (APL) can have serious impacts, requiring a cautious approach and close collaboration to maintain a balance between economic development, environmental preservation and the rights of indigenous peoples. Suggestions are made that local and central governments improve collaboration, concretely empower indigenous peoples, and integrate sustainable measures in policies to achieve a sustainable balance.

Compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia is crucial as it provides financial compensation for patients who have suffered losses due to malpractice. Data shows an increase in the number of complaints and lawsuits related to medical disputes each year. Determining fair and proportional compensation often poses complex challenges as it involves various aspects such as the level of patient loss, healthcare service standards, medical evidence, and socio-economic factors. Therefore, a careful and holistic approach is needed in determining compensation to ensure justice and improve healthcare practices. The aim of this study is to identify the role of compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia and to analyze its legal and ethical implications. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical and empirical approach. The results show that compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia is important to ensure justice for patients and the responsibility of healthcare providers. The process of determining compensation involves mediation, negotiation, and formal legal processes. The Health Law and health regulations require hospitals to have dispute resolution mechanisms and provide patients with legal rights to compensation. Legal and ethical aspects such as integrity and justice are considered in determining compensation, creating a holistic dispute resolution system to maintain justice and the quality of healthcare services.

The State of Indonesia is a state of law, which means that all legal regulations in force in the State of Indonesia must be obeyed by citizens and state administrators. However, in fact, there are still many legal regulations that are violated by citizens and state administrators, such as in cases of corruption. Corruption in Indonesia is very rampant from year to year. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the law on corruption in order to realize upholding the rule of law, upholding justice and realizing peace in society. However, it is very worrying, it turns out that the law enforcement of corruption in Indonesia is classified as very weak. This can be seen from the fact that there are still many lawmakers or law enforcers themselves who commit acts of corruption. The formulation of regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption is a long process that has been going on since the issuance of Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulations on February 26, 1946 which made the legal basis for changing Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Netherlands Indie to Wetboek van Strafrecht (WvS), which later known as the Criminal Code. Until now, the regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption are still undergoing changes, with the latest amendments being through Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Law Number 7 of 2006 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption , 2003 (United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2003). From the long journey of formulating regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption, it turns out that legal loopholes are still found, especially in the regulation regarding criminal acts of corruption, bribery and gratuities.

Corruption originates from the Latin word corruptio, which was used by Aristotle in his book degeneratio et corruptione It means change or deterioration and has no connection to power or money . Corruption offenses fall under the category of special criminal acts, thus requiring specific measures to eradicate them Indonesian positive law regulates the eradication of corruption offenses in Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Offenses. Corruption is an extraordinary crime; its impact can harm democratic values, morality, national finances, and violate social and economic rights of the community It also poses a threat to the aspirations towards a better society. The factors that cause corruption are as follows: (1) Individual behavior, (2) Political factors, (3) Economic factors, (4) Legal factors, (5) Social factors This study aims to understand and provide information about corruption, types of corruption, and the factors that cause corruption in general.

In the current era of globalization, students are not only required to learn theory, but are also required to study in the field. Therefore, students receive a Practical Work course with a weight of 2 credits which is carried out for a minimum of 2 months or the equivalent of 320 hours. This practical work aims to fulfill the requirements for passing the course and learn what you don't get in college. The Practical Work Project that we are carrying out is the East Java Nahdatul Ulama (PWNU) Regional Management Tower 17 Tower Construction project.

In the 4.0 era, the machines in the company are very sophisticated, for example, CNC Plasma Cutting machines that use an automatic system run using a computer that is sufficiently given a command. Because of that, maintenance and repair will require a large fee if we can see the level of availability, it is likely to overcome future problems. The method used in this research is a literature study or literature study in scientific journals. The availability of the machine affects the production process, if it does not reach 90% then the machine is not well prevented, this effect affects the damage to the machine, if it is below that means the machine is often damaged. additional personnel and training on the equipment team, especially experts in the field of programming, because then the company does not need to contact the dutch directly to fix problems in the program. Periodic preventive maintenance is carried out to prevent damage to a machine.

Determining the provision of bonuses or rewards to employees plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality and motivation of employees. One effort that can be made to establish a bonus policy is by implementing the fuzzy Mamdani method as a systematic approach in determining employee bonuses, particularly at PT. ABC. By utilizing the fuzzy Mamdani method to process subjectivity in evaluations, it generates membership levels that allow for a more contextual employee assessment. Through the analysis of data involving various performance variables and bonus criteria, this research aims to present a fuzzy Mamdani system model that can support accurate and adaptive decision-making in determining employee bonuses. The results of this research and the evaluation of this model are expected to contribute significantly to the development of more effective bonus policies in the workplace of PT.

Learning is a process of change for each individual, both in knowledge and attitudes. Every individual after learning will experience changes in their life. When studying at school, teachers only tend to teach students to memorize, read and calculate. Teachers have an important task in the learning process in class to improve students' learning abilities and understanding of the material provided. Based on observations made by the author, at SD N Pajang 3 teachers tend to be monotonous and use the same learning methods every day so that students quickly get bored and have difficulty understanding the material, especially in mathematics lessons. Based on the researcher's observations during the learning process in class 3, especially in mathematics, it was proven that many students did not understand so that based on test scores students got a score of 60. This research uses a qualitative approach which aims to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of class 3 students at SD N Pajang 3 before and after carrying out learning using concrete media. This research was conducted descriptively, namely by providing a pretest and posttest. Based on the results of this research, it was concluded that the use of concrete media had a positive impact and was effectively used in improving students' addition skills.

In the evolving landscape of agricultural technology, recognizing rice diseases through computational models is a critical challenge, predominantly addressed through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, the localized feature extraction of CNNs often falls short in complex scenarios, necessitating a shift towards models capable of global contextual understanding. Enter the Vision Transformer (ViT), a paradigm-shifting deep learning model that leverages a self-attention mechanism to transcend the limitations of CNNs by capturing image features in a comprehensive global context. This research embarks on an ambitious journey to refine and adapt the ViT Base(B) transfer learning model for the nuanced task of rice disease recognition. Through meticulous reconfiguration, layer augmentation, and hyperparameter tuning, the study tests the model's prowess across both balanced and imbalanced datasets, revealing its remarkable ability to outperform traditional CNN models, including VGG, MobileNet, and EfficientNet. The proposed ViT model not only achieved superior recall (0.9792), precision (0.9815), specificity (0.9938), f1-score (0.9791), and accuracy (0.9792) on challenging datasets but also established a new benchmark in rice disease recognition, underscoring its potential as a transformative tool in the agricultural domain. This work not only showcases the ViT model's superior performance and stability across diverse tasks and datasets but also illuminates its potential to revolutionize rice disease recognition, setting the stage for future explorations in agricultural AI applications.

Women as perpetrators of circular mobility (circular migrants) in the city of Semarang are generally involved in independent businesses in the informal sector. Working independently in the informal sector provides economic freedom and power in decision making. The informal sector does not require a lot of skills or working capital, and is suitable for domestic activities. The motivation for circular migrant women to leave their area of origin is because the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in the village encourage village women to engage in independent business in the trade sector, as well as because it is difficult to get work in the village. A shift in family roles occurs in the families of circular migrant women, when women as mothers have to leave the house to earn a living, then childcare patterns are entrusted to parents in the village, even though the existence of circular migrant women remains the hope of all family members, there is a role that is lost in both themselves and family.

Erigo is an Indonesian fashion brand since 2003 that sells various types of clothing products. Erigo is one of the largest local brands that has many customers. This research was conducted to determine the effect of price, product quality and Erigo customer satisfaction on Shopee e-commerce. There were 51 respondents as Erigo customers on Shopee e-commerce. This research uses the cross table analysis method and hypothesis testing using the product moment correlation formula. Through hypothesis testing, there is a strong influence between price and Erigo customer satisfaction on Shopee e-commerce. Then there is a strong influence between product quality and Erigo customer satisfaction at e-commerce Shopee. Meanwhile, in the last hypothesis, there is no simultaneous influence between price and product quality on Erigo customer satisfaction at Shopee e-commerce. The advice that can be given is that it is hoped that Erigo maintains affordable prices by continuing to improve product quality so that customers remain satisfied when buying Erigo on Shopee e-commerce.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation in Indonesia. It uses variables such as inflation, money supply, economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, and the consumer price index. The data analysis model in this study uses Vector Autoregression (VAR), as seen from the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) analyses. This study uses secondary data from 2000 to 2023. The VAR results show that in the short, medium, and long term, inflation has a significant effect on the consumer price index in the short, medium, and long term. The money supply in the short term is influenced by the consumer price index, while in the medium and long term, the money supply is influenced by inflation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the method of bamboo dancing effectively in improving students speaking ability. This study applied in the class by experimental research. The population of this study was the students of the XI class at SMA Negeri 1 Siborongborong. The total of number of population was 139, and 40 students from the population were taken as the sample by using simple cluster sampling, then they divided into two groups. The first group as the experimental group was taught by applying bamboo dancing method, while the second groups as the control group was taught without applying bamboo dancing method. The instrument used for collecting the data was test in form oral test based on the materials that has been taught in treatment. The test were divided into two; pre-test and post-test. The mean of control group is 220 (11) is lower than the mean of experimental group is 500 (25). The reliability of the test was 0,68. Based on the data tobserved (5,01) is higher than  the ttable (2,71) on df  38 at the level of significance (0,01). The result of this study show that teaching speaking by bamboo dancing method is more significant than that without applying bamboo dancing method.

The challenges of millennials cover various aspects such as economy, employment, property ownership and leadership. According to Glints, the first challenge millennials face is economic, caused by the impact of previous economic crises and capital losses. In the world of work, millennials are often associated with stigmatization in the workplace and cross-generational differences in working styles, which can be challenging. Property ownership is also a challenge due to the high consumption of millennials. Managers need to be able to adapt to change and not feel stressed as millennials are more likely to seek real work and get bored quickly in the workplace. Millennials also value their own experiences and strengths, so they need to focus on that. This research uses a qualitative approach. This article uses library inquiry techniques, or library investigation, to copy data and understand theories found in relevant literature. The data used for this purpose is undoubtedly a precedent study of related arguments, such as libraries, journals, and scientific articles. Christian Religious Education (CHE) plays a crucial role in holistic education. Through PAK, millennials are guided to cultivate Christian values such as love, peace, honesty and justice. It also plays a role in shaping a moral and virtuous character based on the example of Jesus Christ. In addition, PAK equips millennials with a strong moral and ethical foundation, helps them make responsible and moral decisions, and guides them to live their lives in accordance with Christian values. In today's digital era, Christian Religious Education (CHE) needs to adapt to the technology used in students' lives. This is important to ensure that learning is not boring and can engage students. In addition, Christian Religious Education should also shape students' self-image according to the values of biblical truth. In this way, students can develop a strong character based on Christian faith. PAK in its ministry should encourage every believer, from children to adults, so that they can use and optimize their intelligence/knowledge for the common good Christian Religious Education (CHE) in the modern era faces the challenge of educating the millennial generation which has unique characteristics. This generation is accustomed to technology and has high self-confidence. Therefore, PAK needs to adapt to the technology used in students' lives to ensure that learning is not boring and engaging. In addition, PAK should focus on building students' self-awareness according to the values of Biblical truth and Christian Religious education teaching. This is important to help students develop a strong character based on the Christian faith. In this way, PAK can have a positive impact on the millennial generation and help them become people of faith and morals in an increasingly modern world.    

Logic is an important foundation in human thinking and reasoning. In this review, we will examine the role of logic in the context of human thought, both in everyday life and in scientific disciplines. We begin by discussing the introduction of the concept of logic and the history of the development of logic in identifying its fundamental role in facilitating rational and systematic thought processes.Then we will analyze how logic influences various aspects of human life, from individual decision making to the development of science and technology. We also explore how the use of logic can improve human reasoning, reduce bias, and increase the clarity and precision of arguments. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with applying logic in complex social and cultural contexts. We investigate how factors such as emotions, beliefs, and cultural background influence humans' ability to use logic effectively.Finally, we conclude by underlining the importance of understanding the role of logic in human thinking and reasoning to develop better critical thinking skills and promote the effective use of logic in various aspects of human life.

This research aims to determine the influence of personality competence of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the moral development of class V students at State Elementary School No. 030286 Parsaoran, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Hypothetically, there is a positive influence between the personality competence of Christian Religious Education teachers and Characteristics on the moral development of class V students at State Elementary School No. 030286 Parsaoran for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method uses a quantitative and descriptive approach. The population of all class V students at State Elementary School No. 030286 Parsaoran for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 36 people. This research is population research. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value of rcount=0.559>rtable=0.329 shows that there is a positive relationship between the personality competence of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers and the moral development of class V students at State Elementary School No. 030286 Parsaoran for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. b) The regression equation has an influence of 31.25%. Yˆ = 50,13 + 0,51X . c) The determination test determines the magnitude of the research. It concludes that there is a positive influence of the personality competence of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the moral development of class V students at State Elementary School No. 030286 Parsaoran for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.