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Computer network training at SMKN 5 Surabaya is an activity that aims to provide students with knowledge and skills in the field of computer networks. This training is usually given to students majoring in Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ). The material taught in computer network training at SMKN 5 Surabaya includes: Introduction to computer networks, network topology, network addressing, implementation of the training using a blended learning approach, which combines theoretical and practical learning. This method has proven effective in improving students' conceptual understanding and technical skills. (Garrison and Vaughan, 2008) state that this approach is able to answer challenges in vocational education by combining the advantages of face-to-face and online learning. In addition, collaboration with industry through internship programs provides students with valuable practical experience, which strengthens their readiness to enter the world of work. (Anderson and Solis 2018) reveal that industry involvement can increase the relevance and quality of vocational education. However, this research also identifies several challenges that need to be overcome to ensure sustainability and improve the quality of training. One of the main challenges is limited resources, especially in terms of equipment and software which are always evolving. Continued investment and professional training for teachers is key to overcoming this challenge. (Smith and Ragan 2005) emphasize the importance of professional development for teachers in maintaining educational quality. With continued commitment from all parties, computer network training at SMKN 5 Surabaya is expected to continue to provide significant benefits for students and industry.

Color recognition is one aspect that needs to be developed for young children so that children can easily recognize their surroundings. The role of teachers for young children in kindergarten education is highly expected to help develop the ability to recognize colors according to the characteristics of early childhood, such as by learning through playing, namely ball games to recognize colors. The aim of this research is to describe the results of ball games in introducing colors to children aged 4-5 years at RA As Sunniyah Lumajang. The research used classroom action research with a sample size of 22 children. This PTK is carried out in two learning cycles. Based on the results of the two cycles, it can be seen that the development of color recognition in children aged 4-5 years at RA As Sunniyah Lumajang can improve and develop well through playing ball. The suggestions that researchers can convey are as follows: for teachers when delivering material, it should be delivered in a playful manner so that learning is enjoyable; for schools to improve the quality of education by using creative and interesting learning methods; for future researchers it is hoped that they can find new methods to introduce colors to early childhood

Combinatorial optimization is a fundamental area in operations research and computer science, focusing on identifying optimal solutions from a finite set of possibilities. This study explores the integration of branch and bound methods with heuristic algorithms to address optimization problems in graph theory and discrete mathematics. Python was employed for algorithm implementation due to its flexibility and comprehensive computational libraries, enabling efficient data analysis and visualization. Several benchmark problems were examined, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), and Graph Coloring. Simulations were conducted using datasets of varying sizes (small, medium, and large) to evaluate performance across different scales. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves a balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, outperforming brute-force methods in terms of speed while maintaining near-optimal accuracy. Tabulated results and graphical comparisons highlight the reduction in computation time and improved scalability of the proposed method. The findings suggest that combining systematic search strategies with heuristics offers a practical and effective framework for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Recommendations for future research include testing scalability with larger datasets, incorporating advanced metaheuristics, and applying the approach to real-world domains such as logistics and network design.

This research explores the use of iterative methods in conjunction with the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for solving partial differential equations (PDE). The central challenge addressed is the computational inefficiency and slow convergence that often arise when utilizing traditional numerical methods, particularly in large-scale systems. The study aims to develop a more efficient iterative approach to solve PDEs by minimizing computational time while ensuring the stability of the obtained solutions. The primary methods proposed include iterative solvers such as Gauss-Seidel and Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR), which are applied to numerical solutions derived from FDM. The research demonstrates that iterative methods, especially SOR, achieve faster convergence with fewer iterations compared to conventional methods like the Finite Element Method (FEM), which tends to be slower and more resource-intensive for large-scale problems. The study highlights the advantages of iterative solvers in efficiently handling large, sparse linear systems and reducing computational costs. In addition, it shows that these methods are capable of providing stable solutions, thereby maintaining accuracy with significantly lower computational effort. The results suggest that iterative methods, when applied in combination with FDM, offer a practical and scalable solution for solving complex PDEs. These methods are especially beneficial in engineering and theoretical physics applications where large-scale simulations are prevalent. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, which should focus on further optimizing solver parameters, exploring hybrid approaches, and extending the methods to more complex PDEs with non-linearities or irregular geometries. By doing so, these techniques could contribute to even more efficient and practical solutions for real-world applications.

This research aims to determine the learning independence of class III students at SDN 167 Pekanbaru in mathematics learning before and after using inquiry strategies. This research is classroom action research using the Kemmis and Taggart method, namely (plan, action, observation and reflection). This research consists of 2 cycles, each with 2 meetings. Data collection techniques use observation, field notes and documentation. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative. Research results: In the Pre-Cycle, most students were in the Less Independent category. Entering Cycle I, there is a clear improvement. The number of students in the Sufficiently Independent category has increased, but there are still students in the Less Independent category. In Cycle II, the most striking changes occurred. The number of students in the Very Independent category increased significantly. This shows that the majority of students now have a high level of independence, with great achievements in increasing their independence compared to the previous cycle.

The 'Reading Corner' program in Turunrejo Village, Kendal District, has demonstrated an increase in children's reading interest and literacy skills. Observations and interviews with children and parents reveal that many children who initially rarely read are now more active using the reading corner, with some showing significant improvement in their reading and comprehension abilities. Despite these clear advances, challenges such as budget constraints, a lack of diverse book collections, and insufficient local government support persist. The considerable distance from the city center also affects the regular procurement of new books. Several studies highlight that similar challenges are faced by literacy programs in remote areas. Additional support, training for managers, and enhanced resources are necessary to maximize the benefits of the 'Reading Corner' program for children.

Education about religious tolerance is very important to instill. A sense of tolerance in students can be instilled and can be improved through education, especially in character education. Since children have been in elementary school, it is time for them to understand what tolerance is so that later children do not do things that should not be done to people who think they are different from themselves. In-depth education about tolerance can help prevent prejudice, discrimination and conflict in society. Therefore, there needs to be a serious effort to integrate tolerance lessons into the elementary school curriculum in order to create a generation that is more tolerant and open to differences.

This research focuses on the role of the Barikan Tradition in strengthening social solidarity among the community, highlighting how this cultural and religious practice serves as a bond between community members. Additionally, the study aims to explore the religious meanings embedded in the Barikan Tradition from the local community's perspective, as well as its influence on the formation of collective identity. A qualitative approach using ethnographic methods was employed to deeply examine the religious meanings and functions of the Barikan Tradition and its social impact on the community. The findings indicate that the Barikan Tradition is understood as an effort to maintain balance between the spiritual and material worlds, between traditional values and the demands of modernization. This tradition plays a significant role in reinforcing social solidarity, preserving collective identity, and helping the community adapt to social changes. Furthermore, the Barikan Tradition reflects religious syncretism, where a fusion of local beliefs with religion occurs. As a religious rite passed down through generations, Barikan not only functions as a symbolic ritual but also as a reflection of spirituality and community values. In the context of the sociology of religion, this tradition plays an important role in strengthening collective consciousness and preserving religious values amid the challenges of globalization and modernization.

Culture is the result of human thought so that it is manifested by humans in everyday life. The form of culture cannot be separated from the existence of space and time which are produced from cultural elements. Javanese society in general who live in rural areas in living and carrying out daily life is covered by various traditions.Nyadran comes from Hindu and Buddhist traditions that originated in the 15th century, and Walisongo combined this tradition with his preaching so that he could easily embrace Islam. Initially, the saints tried to straighten out the Javanese people's beliefs about animism, which in Islam is known as polytheism. To avoid misunderstandings with these traditions, the saints complemented them by taking them, filling them with verses such as the Qur'an, tahlil, and prayers. Earth Alms (Nyadran) as a form of gratitude for the Javanese and Islamic traditions of the Sumur Village Community, Brangsong District, Kendal, usually in the Sumur village they carry out the nyandran tradition right on Friday Kliwon in the month of Mubarrom (Suro). This tradition is carried out by the Sumur village community to commemorate the ancestral heritage site of the Sumur village in the form of a spring to meet the needs of the Sumur village community in the form of water before the existence of PAMDES. The event is filled with prayers addressed to the ancestors who preceded them.

This qualitative case study explores the dynamics and reflections arising from the interaction between Kuliah Kerja Nyata students from Post 82, UIN Walisongo Semarang, and the Putatgede community, focusing on their farewell event. Data was collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with students and community members, and document analysis. Findings reveal the farewell event as a microcosm of the KKN experience, highlighting themes of reciprocal learning, cultural exchange, emotional connection, and challenges faced. The event fostered a sense of community ownership and sustainability of initiatives. This study underscores the importance of culminating events in fieldwork programs for reflection, celebration, and strengthening community ties.  

KKN (Community Service Program) is a program organized by the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta as a form of implementation of al-ma'un theology towards caring and progressive students so that the KKN program can be carried out in accordance with the locations determined by the Institute for Research and Community Service. This learning while playing program was attended by 10 kindergarten students. This number of students is based on the current conditions at TK Aisyiyah 16 Kampung Sawah. This KKN program raises the topic of learning while playing using input and output methods. The program is carried out in a slum environment with a limited number of students where this kindergarten operates and competes with other kindergartens. The purpose of this program is to increase effectiveness and creativity in learning and to increase the attractiveness of early childhood learning. The results of this program can be concluded that during the learning activities, while playing at Kindergarten Aisyiyah 16 Kampung Sawah, North Jakarta, it went well and smoothly, even though there were several obstacles they could still be overcome and the increase in the number of students, from 10 students, increased by 5 people so that it became 15 students and The students were very enthusiastic about the activities carried out.

Software testing is one of the aspects in software design methodology. The author conducted research by taking a case study on the inventory stock information system in a goods delivery service business. The testing technique for this information system uses the black box testing method, with the Equivalence Partitioning technique. From the testing results, the author found irregularities in the database and conducted a more in-depth analysis of the class diagram. The diversity of software types suggests the importance of flexibility and improvisation during software testing, such as determining the appropriate test cases, selecting the appropriate testing methods, and determining the suitable testing environment. Software testing should also consider the effectiveness of resources, project scheduling and deadlines, user/client requests, the availability of testing infrastructure, and other parameters that may be more complex.  

Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14/PRT/M/2015 concerning Criteria and Determination of Irrigation Area Status, Tanah Datar Regency has 635 regency Irrigation Area authorities with a total Irrigation Area of ​​29,437 Ha. Over the last 5 years, the Tanah Datar Regency Government, especially the PUPR and Land Services Department, has allocated funds both from the APBN (DAK) and from the APBD (DAU) for the construction and rehabilitation of irrigation networks as well as improving irrigation networks, with the result that the irrigation conditions in Tanah Datar Regency are in good condition. good by 56.69%, in other words as many as 379 irrigation areas which were only in good condition were maintained in poor condition. The aim of this research is to determine the factors of irrigation maintenance and upkeep operations in Tanah Datar Regency by looking at six aspects of irrigation network maintenance and rehabilitation. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Primary data was taken through interviews with informants from the Public Works and Spatial Planning and Land Service of Tanah Datar Regency, Tanah Datar Regency in the Water Resources sector, namely the Sub-coordinator of the Tanah Datar Regency irrigation Maintenance Operations. The research results show that there are 2 (two) factors that influence Irrigation Operations and Maintenance, namely (1) Condition factors of physical infrastructure and supporting facilities, (2) Personnel and institutional organizational factors of P3A.

Concrete is one of the most common construction materials used throughout the world. Concrete consists of three main components: cement, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate serves as the main structural component in concrete, providing strength and resistance to external loads. Currently, technological advancements in construction are rapidly progressing. Therefore, innovation in concrete production is necessary, one of which is recycled aggregate concrete. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using granite waste as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate on toughness of concrete. The method used in this research is experimental method. In this study, the variation level of granite waste used in this study was 0%; 15% ; 30% ; and 45%. The objects used for this research are blocks with dimensions of 400x100x100 mm tested using a Universal Testing Machine. The results of this research show that the toughness value obtained from the results of toughness testing on concrete with varying levels of 0% granite waste; 15% ; 30% ; and 45% respectively, namely 1.9589 kNmm; 2.2362 kNmm; 2.4189 kNmm; and 2.2118 kNmm.

In the construction industry, management costs and construction project time are important factors for achieving project success. Cost overruns and time delays can result in significant financial losses for project owners and contractors. Therefore, it is important to adopt an effective approach to construction management to optimize project costs and time. One method for overcoming problems in achieving construction project cost and time targets is the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method. The TCTO method is an approach used in construction project management to achieve a balance between project costs and time. The analysis results show that the FO Krian Development Project, which has a normal duration of 522 days, can be accelerated to 500 days (scenario 1) and 498 days (scenario 2). Direct costs tend to increase due to additional working hours and additional workforce. The alternative used or which is more profitable in completing the project is to use scenario 2, namely additional labor due to a decrease in duration of 24 days from the normal project time and experiencing a decrease in total project costs of IDR 292,008,708.16.

This study aims to analyze the application of agile management in responding to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in culinary MSMEs Lunpia Delight in Semarang City. Agile management allows companies to adapt quickly through digital transformation and product innovation. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with management and employees and field observations. The results of the study show that agile management helps Lunpia Delight increase online sales by 50% after shifting focus from offline sales to various digital platforms. Product innovation such as ready-to-eat lunpia packages is also an effective strategy in attracting new consumers. However, this study identifies limitations in digital infrastructure and resistance to change as major challenges that need to be overcome. The conclusion of this study shows that the application of agile management and digital transformation is an effective strategy for MSMEs in facing market disruption. The limitation of this study lies in the focus of the study, which is only on one MSME, so the findings may not be generalizable to other sectors.

Radicalism remains a widespread global threat, especially in multicultural countries like Indonesia. Educational institutions play an essential role in countering radical ideologies by shaping students' characters to foster resilience against extremism. This paper explores how the synergy between architectural design, the authenticity of the place, and social adaptive learning through social networks and effective curriculum management contributes to creating an effective anti-radicalism learning environment. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study examines existing literature on educational architecture, place-based learning, effective learning curriculum and integration of social networks in character education. The review highlights how architectural spaces that encourage collaboration and interaction can help foster inclusivity, open dialogue, and social cohesion—key elements in preventing radicalization. In addition, the concept of authenticity of place, which emphasizes the connection between students and their local cultural heritage, is identified as an important factor in building tolerance and social awareness alongside the implementation of an effective learning curriculum. Through place-based learning, students can develop a stronger sense of identity and belonging so that they are less easily influenced by extremist ideologies. Furthermore, integrating social networks into educational environments is examined for their role in promoting socially adaptive learning. Social platforms provide opportunities for students to engage with diverse perspectives, develop critical thinking, and build empathy—skills that are essential to counter radicalization. The SLR method allows for a comprehensive synthesis of research findings, offering new insights into how educational spaces can be designed to foster anti-radicalism character. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the relationship between architecture, cultural context, effective curriculum implementation, and digital learning and offers recommendations for educational institutions to enhance their role in preventing radicalization.

This study aims to analyze the potential for social conflict in the development of Sadangserang Flats in Bandung City through a sustainable planning perspective. The research method uses a case study with data collection through in-depth interviews and source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the potential for conflict arises from three main sources, namely changes in land use, inequality in the provision of residential units, and unclear land ownership status. Changes in the function of the Sadangserang Market and Sadangserang Terminal risk triggering rejection from traders and drivers. The imbalance of commercial units and subsidies can cause access conflicts for low-income groups. Uncertainty in land ownership status is also prone to disputes. Therefore, a sustainable planning strategy is needed that involves public participation, socio-economic surveys, and clarification of land status. Thus, it is hoped that Sadangserang Flats can provide optimal contribution to the provision of harmonious and equitable housing in Bandung City.

The Online Regional Investment Information System (SI INVEST OKE) is an innovation in licensing services in Demak Regency that aims to accelerate and simplify the licensing application process. This system replaces the previous offline application, SIMPPT, and provides technology-based services that can be accessed from anywhere. This study uses a descriptive analytical method with a qualitative approach to evaluate the implementation of SI INVEST OKE using Leavitt's Model (1965), which examines the relationship between four main components: tasks, human resources, technology, and organizational structure. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with DINPMPTSP employees and service users, direct observation at the DINPMPTSP office, and analysis of related documents. The findings show that the implementation of SI INVEST OKE has succeeded in reducing service time, increasing public satisfaction, and providing efficiency in licensing management. However, challenges such as limited technological infrastructure in remote areas and human resource skills are still obstacles that need to be overcome. The main recommendations from this study include increasing human resource capacity, expanding technological infrastructure, and developing more supportive regulations.

Pekalongan City's regional development policy prioritizing increasing human development is a mandate of the Pekalongan City Regional Medium Term Development Plan 2021 - 2016, realizing the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) agenda as spearheaded by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) directing regional development as an embodiment of long life and be healthy, lead a productive life, be educated and have a decent and dignified standard of living (UNDP, 2020). Assistance is carried out by realizing the Regional Action Plan document for Increasing the Human Development Index for Pekalongan City for 2024 - 2029. This implementation approach involves action studies as a form of facilitation, analysis of strategic issues and preparation of program priorities based on the direction of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), national policy direction and regional authority.