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This study aims to determine the effect of planting distance and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two treatment factors: planting distance and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer. The treatment factors are as follows: Factor I: Planting Distance (J) consists of 3 treatment levels: J1 = 15 cm x 15 cm; J2 = 20 cm x 20 cm, and J3 = 25 cm x 25 cm. Factor II: Concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (V) consists of 4 treatment levels, namely: V1 = 2 ml / 240 ml of water; V2 = 4 ml / 240 ml of water; V3 = 6 ml / 240 ml of water and V4 = 8 ml / 240 ml of water. Data analysis was done using variance analysis and Duncan’s test. The results showed that planting distance significantly affected the number of leaves, bulb diameter per sample, and fresh bulb weight per sample but had no significant effect on flowering age. POC concentration significantly affected flowering age, tuber diameter per sample, and fresh tuber weight per sample but did not significantly affect plant height and number of leaves. The interaction between planting distance and POC concentration did not significantly affect all observed parameters.

Indonesia is a developing country located at the convergence of four tectonic plates, making it highly prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. These frequent disasters highlight the critical need for reliable electricity during emergencies. However, disaster-affected areas often struggle to restore power due to accessibility issues. To address this, alternative energy sources are needed, and Solar Power Plants (PLTS) offer a practical solution. PLTS are easy to implement, depend only on sunlight, and provide clean energy with low carbon emissions. Under clear skies, solar radiation can reach 1,000 Watts per square meter, making it a powerful energy source. Additionally, PLTS systems are adaptable and can be deployed in various formats, including mobile units. This study focuses on designing a Mobile PLTS to support BASARNAS operations in disaster zones. Data collection was conducted using resources from BNPB, BMKG, BASARNAS, and NASA. The analysis includes the geographical characteristics of the site, solar radiation intensity, and the operational dimensions of the BASARNAS Mobile Truck. The study aims to determine the suitable system specifications and estimate the energy production capacity of the Mobile PLTS. The proposed design features 20 solar panels, each with a capacity of 300 Wp, producing an average of 27.70 kWh per day. It also includes 16 batteries for energy storage. The remaining space in the truck can be used for transporting logistics or essential tools, making it a multifunctional unit ideal for disaster response scenarios.

Indonesia is a multicultural country facing serious challenges related to intolerance, social conflict, and identity polarization. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Civic Education as a means of strengthening national insight in building a tolerant society. Using a qualitative approach through literature review methods, this research analyzes various relevant sources on education, tolerance, and nationalism. The results show that Civic Education contributes to shaping students’ democratic character, inclusiveness, and appreciation of diversity. It not only transfers civic knowledge but also instills social skills and human values. However, challenges in implementation remain, such as cognitively-centered curricula and the negative influence of digital technology. Therefore, a contextual learning approach that emphasizes real-life experiences and active student participation is needed. The findings indicate the importance of synergy between schools, families, and communities in creating a conducive environment for nurturing tolerant attitudes. The implications of this research highlight the need to revitalize Civic Education as a key medium for building a peaceful, inclusive, and civilized nation amid complex social dynamics.

This research discusses the impact of modernization on the dynamics of community culture in Indonesia and efforts to preserve cultural values ​​amidst the flow of change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of modernization on social and cultural changes in society and to identify strategies that can be carried out to maintain the existence of local culture. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, based on various scientific literature and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that modernization has positive impacts such as the development of science, changes in values ​​and attitudes that are more rational, and improvements in communication technology. However, modernization also contributes to the erosion of local cultural identity, especially among the younger generation who are more influenced by global culture. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural experience and cultural knowledge as preservation strategies, as well as the active role of families, schools, and communities in instilling cultural values ​​from an early age.

The training program in sports is the most important thing in achieving an achievement that is the main target of each team. This factor is none other than the existence of long-term coaching and various training programs. This factor is none other than the existence of long-term coaching and various training programs. A coach provides a variety or varied training program to be evaluated at the end of the training. The purpose of the evaluation itself is to correct mistakes from either the training program or the athlete. The research method of evaluating the CIPP program (context, input, process, product) using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Coaching of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.35 which is categorized as very good. 3) Process The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.35 which is in the very good category. 4) Product The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.31 which is in the very good category. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, there are the following conclusions: 1. Aspects of context, input, process, product. With good performance indicators, excellent efforts, and good results.  

The goal in playing handball is to put the ball into the opponent's goal as much as possible and concede fewer goals. This study aims to find out how big the success and failure rate of shooting techniques is and what shooting areas or positions are most often used for shooting in the 2023 IHF World Championship final match. This study is a type of quantitative descriptive research, with an approach through match video analysis which is presented in the form of numerical data to find out how big the success and failure rate of shooting is and what shooting techniques are used. The subjects in this study were the Danish and French teams playing in the 2023 IHF World Championship final match. The results showed that the number of successful shots from the Danish team was 34 times while for France it was 29 times with a percentage of 62.96% and 50.87% successful shooting using the jump shoot technique 20 times with a percentage of 65% for Denmark, while for France the flying shoot technique was most often used, namely 22 times and a percentage of 59.09%. The number of shooting failures from the Danish team was 20 times with a percentage of 37.03% while for France it was 28 times with a percentage of 49.12%, shooting failures using the jump shoot technique were 7 times with a percentage of 35% for Denmark, while for France the failure using the flying shoot shooting technique was 9 times with a percentage of 40.90%. The most frequently used shooting area from both teams was the front area, successful shooting for Denmark 18 times with a percentage of 64% and France 18 times with a percentage of 56%, failed shooting from the front area of ​​the Danish team was 10 times with a percentage of 36% while France was 14 times 44%. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference for players and coaches to develop the right training program in order to improve the effectiveness of shooting techniques to get better results.  

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the scientific approach in improving Natural Sciences (IPA) learning outcomes among Elementary School students. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various scientific sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports from the past five years. The findings indicate that the scientific approach has a positive impact on students' understanding of science concepts, critical thinking skills, as well as motivation and engagement in the learning process. This approach encourages students to actively participate in scientific processes through the stages of observing, questioning, experimenting, reasoning, and communicating. These stages help make learning more meaningful, contextual, and aligned with students’ cognitive development. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, constrained instructional time, and the lack of teacher training in applying this approach effectively. Therefore, support from various stakeholders—including schools, government, and the community—is needed to overcome these obstacles and enhance the quality of science education. Overall, the scientific approach is considered effective in creating interactive, reflective, and student-centered science learning at the Elementary School level.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical global health issue, with 88.4 million infections and 42.3 million AIDS-related deaths to date. In 2024 alone, 39.9 million individuals are living with HIV, 630,000 deaths occurred, and 1.3 million new infections were recorded. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir (TLD) is a widely used antiretroviral therapy, but its reproductive and oxidative effects remain underexplored in female models, particularly in the South-South region of Nigeria.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress effects of TLD on the ovaries and uterus of adult female Wistar rats.Methods: Ten adult female Wistar rats (156–187g) were divided into control and treatment groups (n=5). The control group received standard diet and distilled water, while the treated group received daily doses of TLD (Tenofovir 5 mg, Lamivudine 5 mg, and Dolutegravir 0.8 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in estrus phase were sacrificed for biochemical, histological, and hormonal analysis.Results: The treated group showed a significant reduction in body weight but no significant changes in ovarian or uterine weight. Oxidative stress analysis revealed decreased MDA and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT in the uterus. Hormonal levels were not significantly different. Histologically, the treated group displayed impaired follicular development, atretic follicles, cysts, enlarged endometrial cavities, and thicker endometria.Conclusion: TLD administration induced notable reproductive alterations in female Wistar rats, highlighting potential implications for its use in women of reproductive age.

In the context of education in Indonesia, education requires many touches from various parties in the formation of its policies. Considering that the moral crisis is increasing, strict education management is needed. Education is a process of instilling and developing implicit values and norms in every subject, including Islamic religious education and also its teachers. Therefore, not only Islamic religious education teachers have the responsibility to educate students' morals and ethics, this responsibility also applies to all educators. Efforts to improve the quality of Islamic religious education have been widely implemented. The goal is none other than to convey the meaning of education that functions to build the character and morals of a dignified nation in order to educate the life of the nation to build the potential of Indonesian people who believe and fear God Almighty, have noble morals , are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative and independent. The existence of shortcomings and advantages in each educational institution will have an impact and require different handling. The right policies and handling will have a good impact and be in accordance with the expectations of an institution. On the other hand, if the management and policies are not considered and adjusted to the educational institution , then failure will be encountered. Each educational institution has different needs and objectives according to the needs, interests and goals to be achieved.

The drama Ayahku Pulang is able to describe Indonesian families during the colonial era. This story is very stressful between family members. One of the people who experiences the most spiritual turmoil is Gunarto, a young man who is now an adult. Gunarto shows a tough, cynical nature, and does not accept his parents back who are no longer worthy of being his mainstay. In this context, the character of Gunarto is a very interesting literary object for research among teenagers. His position is so important for research on adolescent psychology because at this time they are in the midst of an identity crisis, regarding the search for identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the character of Gunarto as a representation of the inner conflict of adolescents in the drama Ayahku Pulang using Erikson's development theory. According to Eriksonian theory, adolescence is in search of identity through protest against wrong roles. Gunarto in this case is compared with a character who not only faces external conflict in his relationship with his father, but also internal conflict about the child's self-awareness, feelings of disappointment, and the need for emotional stability. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with drama text analysis techniques. Data obtained from the original manuscript of Ayahku Pulang were analyzed descriptively-analytically to explore the dynamics of Gunarto's psychology holistically. From this study, the importance of understanding the psychology of adolescence in literary works, especially when it comes to the relationship between parents and children. Gunarto's character is the voice of a wounded youth. This study focuses on literary psychology and is codified in Indonesian families. This scope opens up criticism of the role and how consistent the parental figure is in developing the identity of the younger generation.  

The Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) says that the Lord Jesus commanded His disciples to preach the gospel and also applies to us as believers to carry out the Great Commission. In preaching the gospel, there are many risks and challenges that missionaries must face and most likely that is what makes most people afraid to preach the gospel, so they prefer to remain silent and keep the good news to themselves. We need to study mission figures who made their lives historic for others when they preached the gospel in a place. Through their experiences, they can give us motivation and enthusiasm to participate in preaching the gospel. The researcher will discuss an evangelistic figure named Nommensen. In his childhood, Nommensen once heard a story about a missionary told by his teacher named Callisen, since then he began to be interested in an event in the story, namely about the struggle to free backwardness, slavery of poor children. In general, Nommensen is known as a famous German evangelist in Indonesia. Because the fruit of his hard work was the establishment of the largest church in the Batak Toba ethnic group. Namely the Church called Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP). The success of evangelism carried out by Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen in Tanah Batak is one of the most prominent examples in the history of missions in Indonesia. This study explores Nommensen's evangelism strategy from the perspective of evangelism theology, by highlighting how his inculturative, educational, and social service approaches contributed to the acceptance of Christianity among the Batak people.    

Ginseng strengthens the body's resistance to disease through its effects on components of the immune system. This study aims to examine the immunomodulatory effects of ginseng (Panax sp.) in relation to its active ingredients and constituents that are beneficial to the immune system. This research is a systematic review conducted based on PRISMA items. Literature was searched through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, covering publications from 2020 to 2025. A total of 523 articles were collected from the three databases. Based on screening and analysis using PRISMA items, 6 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ginseng may act as an immunomodulatory agent in the immune system, with various benefits derived from its active compounds.    

The Indonesian shoe industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, driven by a stable economy and increasing income. Johnson Shoes, a local brand from Bandung, Johnson Shoes collaborates with anime characters such as One Piece, My Hero Academia, Naruto and Demon Slayer, to expand the market and increase sales. In addition, Johnson shoes have interesting content in marketing their products. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to determine the content of Johnson shoes Instagram on followers, purchasing decisions on followers, and measure the influence of Instagram content on Johnson shoes purchasing decisions on followers. The theory used in this study is Instagram which includes the dimensions of Follow, Like, Comment, Feed, Caption, Instagram Stories, Profile, and for the Purchasing Decision theory includes the dimensions of Problem Recognition, Information Search, Alternative Evaluation, Purchasing Decision, Post-Purchase Prilsku. This research is a quantitative study. The research method used is a survey. The population in this study were followers of the @johnson_indonesia Instagram account with certain criteria and a population of 116 followers and a sample of 90 respondents were obtained. The data analysis technique used in this study was simple linear regression. The results of the study showed that the Instagram content of Johnson's shoe collaboration and anime characters had a strong relationship of 0.818 to purchasing decisions. The Instagram content of Johnson's shoe collaboration and anime characters had an influence on purchasing decisions of 0.670 or 67%, while the remaining 33% was influenced by other factors.

Innovation is a key element in improving business competitiveness and sustainability. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyse the relationship between resources and innovation strategies in entrepreneurship. A total of 22 Scopus-indexed articles were reviewed using the PRISMA approach, focusing on the types of resources (human, financial, technological, informational, and physical) and forms of innovation (product, process, and managerial). The results show that product innovation is largely supported by human resources and technology, where the skills and creativity of the workforce play an important role in the development of new products. Process innovation relies on technology and information, especially in production efficiency and operational digitalisation. Meanwhile, managerial innovation is closely related to human resource management and organisational strategy, which enables companies to be more adaptive to market changes. This study enriches the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities theories, and provides insights for entrepreneurs and policy makers in developing resource-based innovation strategies. In conclusion, successful innovation in entrepreneurship depends on optimal resource utilisation and appropriate policy support to create sustainable innovation.

Lumpia ubi ungu is a modern culinary creation that offers an exclusive taste and accompanying health benefits. In the digital era, business prospects are rapidly increasing, with recipes and marketing concepts readily accessible online. Therefore, consumers can take advantage of this convenience to reach these sellers. Lumpia ubi ungu is a highly appealing dish with a combination of flavors and textures that are entirely different from traditional lumpia. Since it is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, lumpia ubi ungu is preferred by health-conscious consumers. There is a growing awareness of healthy food; therefore, lumpia ubi ungu has market potential. Lumpia ubi ungu offers more than just culinary innovation it paves the way for promising business opportunities in this digital era. By adopting the right approach, business players can leverage the wave of health trends and digitalization, thus paving their way to success.

Essentially, humans are equipped with their own individual characteristics from birth. However, over time, new traits will form and become the characteristics that are attached to each individual. The purpose of this study is to examine the character education program in the Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme, the management process conducted, supporting factors and optimization activities, as well as the inhibiting factors and their solutions. The research method used is qualitative with a case study type. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity test used is credibility testing. The Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme has five character education programs, namely: junior training (diklat junior), upgrading character, nationalism visits (kunjungan nasionalisme), attribute inspection (pemeriksaan atribut), and routine evaluations (evaluasi rutin). Pasukan Khusus Extracurricular at Senior High School 1 Cerme follows the stages of character education program management well, starting from planning, organizing, implementation, and supervision. Supporting factors include a high commitment from human resources, intensive communication between parties, support from the school, and a positive organizational culture. The optimization activities emphasize commitment and loyalty among members, full support for the program from the school, and the preservation of a good organizational culture. There are also inhibiting factors such as limited financial support, the time-consuming permission process from the school and parents, and some human resources who engage in deviations. The solutions to these problems include member contributions, sponsorships, minimizing the use of funds, submitting proposals well in advance of program implementation, and issuing warnings and sanctions to members who violate the rules.

This article discusses the secret to wealth from the perspective of the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), emphasizing the importance of understanding wealth both spiritually and physically. In society, many questions arise regarding how to become wealthy according to Islamic teachings, especially based on the Prophet's hadiths. Therefore, this article aims to provide a Sharia-compliant guide on how to acquire wealth and how to distribute it properly. The discussion focuses on four main points: (1) understanding true wealth that has eternal value in the hereafter, (2) motivation to pursue wealth, (3) factors that attract sustenance, and (4) factors that hinder sustenance. The author highlights the issue that many people desire wealth but pursue it through means prohibited in Islam, such as stealing, engaging in usury, or seizing others' rights. In this context, the hadiths serve as the main foundation for explaining the principles of blessed and lawful wealth. Through this article, the author hopes to provide society with the correct understanding of how to seek worldly wealth while upholding Islamic values. This article is also expected to serve as a guide to build spiritual awareness and ethical conduct in striving for success, and to offer a reflection for both the author and readers on the journey toward halal and blessed wealth.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Syahrul Lughoh program in improving Arabic speaking skills among female students at STIT Madani Yogyakarta in 2024. The research uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental survey design, involving 36 respondents selected through purposive sampling from the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth-semester students. The data analysis shows a mean score of 3.384 and a mode of 4, indicating the program’s high effectiveness in enhancing Arabic speaking skills. Among the various activities, the Ilqoul Mufrodat program proved to be the most effective, with a mean score of 3.569, followed by Daurah Masyaikh (3.379), Kitab Al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik (3.351), and Arabic Fun (3.235). These programs contributed significantly to improving students' abilities in vocabulary, grammar, fluency, pronunciation, and confidence in speaking Arabic. Key supporting factors for the success of the program include a pesantren-based environment that promotes daily Arabic use, a strong academic culture requiring Arabic in both academic and religious activities, and an interactive teaching method based on halaqah. However, challenges such as rushed preparation, insufficient mentor training, limited facilities, and low student motivation hindered the program’s effectiveness. The findings suggest areas for improvement in future program implementations.

This study was carried out to boost the learning enthusiasm of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Nurun Najah Olak Kemang, Kota Jambi. The method used was a Game-Based Learning model that was adjusted to suit the students’ needs, using the Kahoot app. The research followed a Classroom Action Research approach with two cycles, and each cycle included steps like planning, doing the activity, observing, and reflecting. To collect the data, the researcher used observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. The results showed a noticeable increase in how engaged the students were. In the beginning (pre-cycle), the average engagement was only 55.90%, and most students were not very active. After the first cycle, it went up to 61.45%, and by the second cycle, it jumped to 82.81%, with most students becoming active or even very active. Using Kahoot helped create a fun and interactive learning atmosphere, which made the students more eager to participate. So, using a game-based approach like this with Kahoot can be a good option to make elementary students more involved in learning.

This study explores the vital role of families in shaping social values among children and adolescents within the increasingly dominant digital environment. Digital technology has transformed communication patterns and modes of cultural transmission, presenting new challenges for families in instilling core values while navigating technological influences. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research involved 15 Indonesian families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, observations, and media diaries to understand the dynamics of value transmission in digital contexts.The findings reveal that family communication patterns—whether conversation-oriented, conformity-oriented, or laissez-faire—significantly influence children’s internalization of values. Effective strategies identified include parental digital co-learning, value-based guidance, and the promotion of critical media literacy. Major challenges include value conflicts between family teachings and digital culture, concerns over cultural preservation, and competition for children’s attention due to immersive technology.Nevertheless, the study also found that families can strategically leverage technology to reinforce values through careful media selection, engagement in meaningful digital activities, and fostering intergenerational connections. In conclusion, while families remain crucial socializing agents, the successful transmission of values requires thoughtful adaptation of traditional practices to meet the realities of the digital age.