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Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran manajemen risiko digital dalam meningkatkan keamanan siber Industri 4.0. Adopsi teknologi canggih seperti IoT, sistem siber-physical, dan AI berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya risiko keamanan siber baru, sehingga perlu pendekatan manajemen risiko yang kuat. Tinjauan ini mensintesis penelitian terbaru (2020–2024) dari sumber Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan ACM Digital Library. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah identifikasi strategi utama dalam mitigasi risiko siber, seperti kerangka kerja penilaian risiko yang komprehensif, pemantauan ancaman secara real-time, dan kebijakan keamanan yang adaptif. Studi literatur menekankan pentingnya mengintegrasikan langkah-langkah keamanan siber dalam proses transformasi digital untuk melindungi sistem manufaktur dan infrastruktur kritis. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemangku kepentingan industri, penyedia teknologi, dan regulator sangat penting untuk membangun ekosistem industri yang tangguh dan aman. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa manajemen risiko digital yang efektif sangat penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dan keamanan data sensitif di era Industri 4.0, serta menghadapi ancaman siber yang terus berkembang.

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of product quality and e-promotion on purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency. The population on this research are consumers who bought “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency. There are 80 samples of “SANDEL” consumers who are believed to represent the characters of the population. Determination of sample members using simple random sampling method, while data collection using questionnaire method. Furthermore, data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on analysis of research result showed that the product quality, and e-promotion can be used to predict purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses. Product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision, while the e-promotion variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Thus, it can be concluded that product quality, and e-promotion variables have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision of “SANDEL” glasses in Tembok Village, Limpung District, Batang Regency.

Umauta Tourism Village has an art and cultural studio called Doka Tawa Tana, which specializes in handcrafted art involving motif-tying with threads that are then processed into sarong cloth for daily use or sale to meet family economic needs and social community needs. The Doka Tawa Tana Studio serves as a place for learning local wisdom values for the community and the younger generation. This research aims to identify and analyze the cultural and traditional potential of Umauta Village as a tourist attraction in Sikka Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings of this study conclude that Umauta Tourism Village is not only a tourist destination but also a center for cultural preservation involving the community and attracting both local and international tourists. By continuously developing its artistic and traditional potential, Umauta Tourism Village has become a successful example of sustainable community-based tourism.

The issue addressed in this research is the lack of learning media that support the Electric Vehicle Systems course in the D3 Automotive Engine Maintenance Study Program at Cristo Re Polytechnic. The objectives of this research are to design a conventional starter motor learning media that is easy to understand and functions properly; to create the conventional starter motor learning media; and to test the conventional starter motor learning media. This research was conducted at Cristo Re Polytechnic, in the D3 Automotive Engine Maintenance Study Program. The conventional starter motor learning media was developed through several stages: design, construction, and testing. The design process involved determining the frame to be used, the mounting for the starter motor on the frame, and identifying the panel to be used in the learning media. The construction process included cutting the parts to be used for the frame and the motor mount, assembling or forming the frame, and painting. After the learning media was completed, it underwent testing, which consisted of functional tests such as component testing, system testing, voltage drop testing, and feasibility testing through a questionnaire. The conclusions from the testing results are as follows: the starter motor can operate properly. This is based on the construction of the learning media being in accordance with the design, including the frame dimensions and the printed layout matching the design. In addition, the component testing—which included the ignition switch, relay, and solenoid—showed results that matched the specifications of each component. The system function test showed that the system can operate with or without a relay. The voltage drop test yielded results of 0.2 V for the positive battery voltage drop, 0.1 V for the negative battery voltage drop, and 1 V for the voltage drop in the circuit, all of which are within the specified range. The feasibility test involved distributing a questionnaire to lecturers and several students to evaluate the result of the media development, and from this test, an average score of 3.87 was obtained, categorized as very good.

This meta-analysis evaluates the cost-effectiveness of mental health interventions implemented in conflict-affected regions of the Middle East between 2010 and 2023, compiling data from 47 programs across eight countries. Statistical analysis reveals substantial variation in program effectiveness levels (Cohen's d = 0.78, 95% CI [0.65, 0.91], p < 0.001), with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) demonstrating the highest cost-effectiveness ratio, registering an ICER of $2,340 per QALY gained. Multilevel regression findings indicate that community-based intervention approaches consistently prove more cost-efficient than those conducted in clinical settings (β = 0.67, p < 0.001), yielding an average savings of 43% per participant. Remote teletherapy programs exhibit significant potential, particularly in regions with limited access to services, with an ROI reaching 1.89 (95% CI [1.65, 2.13]). The economic burden analysis estimates that untreated mental health conditions incur an average annual cost of $4,623 per individual, whereas intervention expenses amount to approximately $1,876 per patient per year, resulting in a benefit-cost ratio of 2.47. This study expands upon prior research by Tol et al. (2011) and McBain et al. (2016), which were limited to clinical outcomes without addressing the economic dimension. In contrast to the study by Reed et al. (1994), which explored general health economics within conflict zones, this research specifically quantifies the cost-effectiveness of mental health interventions in Middle Eastern conflict areas. It reveals that cultural adaptation within intervention programs can enhance return on investment by up to 31%. Finally, this review uniquely demonstrates that community-based mental health programs integrated within conflict zones can meet the cost-effectiveness thresholds recommended by WHO-CHOICE while maintaining a high level of clinical efficacy.

This study conducts an in-depth examination of 87 mixed-method studies that address war-related trauma in the Middle East over the past two decades (2000–2023), employing a systematic methodological meta-synthesis approach to formulate a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of armed conflict on affected populations. Quantitative findings indicate an exceedingly high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reaching 73.4% among war refugees (n = 12,456), accompanied by significant comorbidity rates in the form of depression (68.2%) and anxiety disorders (59.7%), both of which clinically exacerbate recovery prognosis. Meanwhile, the thematic qualitative analysis successfully identified five principal dimensions of recurrent traumatic experiences, namely direct exposure to violence (82.3%), the loss of family members (76.9%), forced displacement (71.4%), existential uncertainty regarding the future (68.9%), and the disintegration of social cohesion within affected communities (65.2%). A comprehensive integration of quantitative and qualitative data reveals a substantial correlation between the duration of conflict exposure and the severity of PTSD (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), indicating a linear association between the chronicity of war experiences and the intensity of psychological trauma. Through meta-regression, this study also identifies several statistically significant protective variables that reinforce both individual and collective resilience, including the presence of family support (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), the intensity of religiosity (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), and the strength of community resilience (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), all of which function as moderating factors of traumatic impact. In contrast to the narrow focus of Storozhuk et al. (2023) and Boeije et al. (2013), who emphasized individual trauma, this study advances a broadened paradigm by exploring the collective dimensions of war trauma made possible through an integrative methodological design. While Zerach and Solomon (2016) previously proposed three core categories of traumatic experience, the present study expands the conceptual spectrum by identifying two additional themes and unveiling the complex network of interrelations among trauma elements. The principal novelty of this study lies in the formulation of an integrative model of war trauma that not only theoretically unifies individual and collective dynamics but also constructs a new methodological framework that may serve as a reference point for trauma research in conflict-affected regions marked by the volatile and multidimensional sociopolitical context of the Middle East.

One of the complementary therapy treatments that can be used for independent and natural interventions is foot hydrotherapy (warm water foot soak). Warm water foot soak therapy plus a mixture of salt is useful for blood pressure lowering therapy in hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm water foot soak therapy with a mixture of salt on lowering blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. The type of research is Quasy-experiment using one group pretest posttest design. The number of samples was 16 respondents taken using the Purposive Sampling technique. The results of the study showed that the average blood pressure before the warm water foot soak therapy with a mixture of salt was systolic 169.62 mmHg and diastolic 102.25 mmHg. The average blood pressure after the warm water foot soak therapy with a mixture of salt was systolic 143.12 mmHg and diastolic 91.88 mmHg. The results of the statistical test showed that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy mixed with salt on reducing blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients in the Siulak Mukai Health Center Work Area in 2024 (p-value = 0.001).

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a sudden inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, commonly triggered by an immunologic reaction to bacterial or viral infections, especially group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. AGN is most frequently found in children aged 2–10 years, with a higher prevalence in males. One of the most typical forms is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), which appears approximately 1–2 weeks after a pharyngeal or skin infection. The pathogenesis of PSGN involves immune complex formation and complement activation, leading to glomerular injury characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory findings such as elevated ASO titers and decreased C3 levels, and occasionally renal biopsy. Management of PSGN is primarily supportive, including fluid restriction, diuretics, and antihypertensive therapy. In severe cases, corticosteroids, dialysis, or antibiotics may be necessary. The prognosis is generally favorable with proper treatment, although complications such as hypertensive encephalopathy and acute kidney injury may occur. Therefore, early detection and adequate management are crucial to prevent disease progression.

Undernutrition is a severe nutritional deficiency condition caused by inadequate daily intake of energy and protein, which occurs over a considerable period of time. Malnutrition generally affects children under five years old and is influenced by various factors. According to the National Basic Health Research Report (Riskesdas) in 2018, the national proportion of children aged 6–24 months with undernutrition and severe malnutrition was recorded at 17.7%. This study is a case report of a 23-month-old boy living in a village in 2025. The case was observed over a three-week period using a home visit approach. The diagnosis of undernutrition was established based on national guidelines, specifically the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health No. 2 of 2020 concerning child anthropometric standards. Anthropometric measurements showed the child had a height of 81 cm and a weight of 8.12 kg. The child’s nutritional status was classified as underweight based on the Weight-for-Age (W/A) Z-score. Following diagnosis, the patient received nutritional education, supplementary food, appetite-stimulating vitamins, and growth monitoring. The study concluded that several determinants contributed to the underweight condition in this 23-month-old patient, including behavioral factors, incomplete immunization, and recurrent infections.

Assessment is an integral part of the learning process that functions to determine the extent to which learning objectives have been achieved. This article discusses the assessment of cognitive and psychomotor domains in reading comprehension material with a focus on evaluative thinking. The main focus in evaluative reading is the ability of students to assess, criticize, and provide responses to information or texts read. Cognitive assessment is directed at measuring analytical, synthesis, and evaluation skills, while psychomotor assessment touches on aspects of real skills such as delivering oral responses or making written summaries. This study is expected to be a reference for educators in compiling holistic and balanced assessment instruments.

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah semakin menurunnya nilai moral di kalangan siswa yang ditandai dengan melemahnya sopan santun, tanggung jawab, dan empati. Penelitian ini membahas nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam cerpen digital Kompas edisi Maret 2025 dan pemanfaatannya sebagai alternatif bahan ajar sastra di SMA kelas XI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk nilai moral yang muncul dalam cerpen serta menilai kelayakan cerpen tersebut sebagai media pembelajaran sastra yang relevan dengan kehidupan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka, simak, dan catat. Sumber data utama adalah tujuh cerpen dari Kompas digital edisi Maret 2025, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku dan jurnal terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerpen-cerpen tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai moral seperti tanggung jawab, empati, solidaritas sosial, ketulusan, penghargaan terhadap sesama, dan kejujuran. Nilai-nilai ini disampaikan baik secara tersirat melalui perilaku tokoh maupun secara tersurat dalam narasi cerita. Cerpen-cerpen tersebut juga dinilai layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar karena mendukung penguatan karakter siswa, meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta sesuai dengan capaian pembelajaran dalam kurikulum bahasa Indonesia kelas XI. Penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam memperkaya alternatif sumber pembelajaran yang berbasis teks sastra aktual dan bermuatan moral.

This study aims to analyze the degree of employee compliance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at PT XYZ, especially in the implementation of working hours. The background of this study was based on the findings of a discrepancy between practices in the field and the company's SOP provisions, such as delays in employees entering work and unscheduled return. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of PT XYZ's employees and HRD. The factors that hinder compliance include lack of personal discipline, distance of residence, lack of supervision, and low understanding of SOPs. Failure to comply with the SOP has resulted in a decline in performance, administrative sanctions, and potential loss of company operations. Research results show that while companies have clear disciplinary enforcement policies and procedures, better strategies are needed to improve employee awareness and discipline in complying with standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study emphasizes the importance of improving SOP understanding through training as well as strengthening supervisory policies to create a work culture that is disciplined and compliant with applicable rules.    

The Fatimid Dynasty was an Isma'ili Shia caliphate established in the early 10th century CE, ruling over North Africa and later Egypt. This article examines the legacy of the Fatimid Dynasty, which ruled from 909 to 1171 CE, focusing on their conquest of the Maghreb region and the pivotal takeover of Egypt that marked a significant milestone in their history. Claiming direct descent from Fatimah az-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, the Fatimids established their capital in Cairo and fostered the growth of Islamic culture and education, including the founding of Al-Azhar University. The article also explores the emergence of the Darazi sect as part of the internal dynamics within Ismaili Shi'ism, which influenced the political and religious landscape of the dynasty. The rise and decline of the Fatimid Dynasty were shaped by both internal challenges and external pressures until its eventual fall in the 12th century. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the political, military, social, and religious aspects that defined the Fatimid Dynasty’s role in Islamic history.

This study aims to analyze the theory and implementation of decision-making in public administration and to examine its relation to Rational Choice Theory. In the context of public administration, decision-making is influenced not only by norms and bureaucratic structures but also by the rationality of the actors involved. Rational Choice Theory views individuals as rational agents who make decisions based on cost-benefit calculations to maximize personal interest. This study adopts a qualitative approach using literature review and content analysis methods on public policies and relevant case studies. The findings reveal that the implementation of decision-making in the public sector is often not entirely rational due to the influence of political, social, and cultural factors. Nevertheless, elements of Rational Choice Theory remain an important framework for understanding the motivations of bureaucratic actors in formulating and executing policies. This study recommends integrating rational approaches with normative and contextual perspectives in public administration practices to produce more effective and responsive decisions.

This study uses a qualitative method to examine the effectiveness of marketing strategies implemented by Islamic banks in attracting young customers. The background of this research is based on the significant growth of the Islamic banking sector in Indonesia, which has not yet fully optimized the potential of the youth market segment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with marketing managers and young customers, as well as documentation of the promotional strategies employed. The findings reveal that marketing strategies emphasizing Islamic values, service digitalization, and social media campaigns significantly influence young customers’ interest. However, some challenges were also identified, such as low Islamic financial literacy among the youth and limited product innovation tailored to their needs. This study recommends strengthening Islamic financial education, collaborating with youth communities, and developing technology-based products and services so that Islamic banks can be more competitive in attracting young customers. With a more adaptive and communicative approach, Islamic banks have the potential to become the preferred choice for the younger generation in the future.

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and compensation on employee work discipline. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach and multiple linear regression analysis. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The population in this study were 44 people, who also became the sample in this study with the sampling technique using saturated sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 26 software, to test the effect of work motivation and compensation variables on work discipline. The results of this study indicate that work motivation and compensation have a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline, partially and simultaneously. This study shows that the better the work motivation and compensation, the more employee discipline increases at the Burau Electronic Source Store.

This research uses a qualitative method to examine the influence of marketing strategies on the interest in using Islamic banking products among Generation Z. This generation has unique characteristics in accessing information and making financial decisions, including the selection of banking services. Marketing strategies employed by Islamic banks—such as digital promotion, emotional appeal, and Islamic values—play a crucial role in attracting the attention of this generation. The study aims to understand how the elements of marketing—product, price, place, and promotion—affect Generation Z’s perception and preference toward Islamic banking products. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants from among university students and Islamic banking practitioners. The analysis results show that the use of social media, delivery of religious values, and ease of access are dominant factors in increasing interest. These findings contribute to the development of relevant and effective marketing strategies for Islamic banks to expand their market among digitally literate and spiritually aware young generations.

The increasingly advanced era is certainly followed by various developments in the fields of economy, social, culture and even technology. Technological progress in various countries can be seen from the existence of a technology called AI. Artificial Intelligence or AI is an artificial intelligence technology that has the ability to solve problems like humans. In practice, AI will simulate human intelligence with the ability to recognize images, write and even make predictions based on data. Lately, AI has begun to be misused by individuals who feel they are benefiting. In Indonesia, the misuse of AI technology has been rampant where perpetrators use AI for fraud. An act that uses technology as the main weapon of crime is included in the category of cyber crime. The rampant case of cyber crime in Indonesia is the act of voice imitation or voice cloning. The perpetrators in committing their crimes usually use a technological intermediary that can change their voice so that it is similar to the voice of relatives, friends, family or important people or public figures recognized by the victim. Voice imitation or known as voice cloning is the ability to imitate a voice that is similar to the original voice. Voice cloning using AI technology is an imitation of the human voice with an extraordinary level of accuracy of similarity, both in intonation, tone, and also voice patterns. The law on information and electronic transactions contains various regulations regarding information and electronic transactions, but the law does not explain in detail the misuse of AI in voice cloning because there are still limitations in the ITE law regarding criminal acts of voice cloning fraud and until now criminal acts of voice cloning are still rampant.

The development of technology communication and information has produce the phenomenon of digital legacy, which is a person's digital footprint that remains stored and persists after they pass away.This digital legacy not only reflects a person's identity and personal life but also stores sensitive and private data.In the perspective of human rights, the right to privacy is a base right that must be protected, including personal data post-mortem. However, the legal system in Indonesia has not explicitly regulated the protection of digital legacy, resulting in a legal vacuum that potentially violates the right to privacy.This research uses a normative method with a legislative approach and a case approach.The study results show that the absence of national legal norms specifically regulating digital legacy causes society to depend on the internal policies of foreign digital platforms, which do not guarantee justice and human rights protection. National regulations are needed that specifically govern the protection of personal data post-mortem as a form of respect for human privacy and dignity, as well as a tangible manifestation of the state's responsibility to guarantee the human rights of its citizens in the digital era.

The development of information technology has facilitated access to various digital services, including online gambling. Online gambling is widely promoted by influencers on social media. This raises legal issues, considering that gambling is prohibited in Indonesia. Online gambling is often portrayed by influencers as an instant financial solution, enticing many people, especially the youth, who are easily influenced, to participate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legislation related to the promotion of online gambling and assess the effectiveness of law enforcement related to such content on social media. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing primary legal sources such as the ITE Law No. 11 of 2008, updated with Law No. 19 of 2016, and Article 303 of the Criminal Code. Law enforcement must be strengthened through cyber patrols, site blocking, and public education to raise awareness of the risks of online gambling. This study provides guidance for policymakers in designing preventive and repressive measures to combat the promotion of online gambling in Indonesia.