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Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a sudden inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, commonly triggered by an immunologic reaction to bacterial or viral infections, especially group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. AGN is most frequently found in children aged 2–10 years, with a higher prevalence in males. One of the most typical forms is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), which appears approximately 1–2 weeks after a pharyngeal or skin infection. The pathogenesis of PSGN involves immune complex formation and complement activation, leading to glomerular injury characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory findings such as elevated ASO titers and decreased C3 levels, and occasionally renal biopsy. Management of PSGN is primarily supportive, including fluid restriction, diuretics, and antihypertensive therapy. In severe cases, corticosteroids, dialysis, or antibiotics may be necessary. The prognosis is generally favorable with proper treatment, although complications such as hypertensive encephalopathy and acute kidney injury may occur. Therefore, early detection and adequate management are crucial to prevent disease progression.

Undernutrition is a severe nutritional deficiency condition caused by inadequate daily intake of energy and protein, which occurs over a considerable period of time. Malnutrition generally affects children under five years old and is influenced by various factors. According to the National Basic Health Research Report (Riskesdas) in 2018, the national proportion of children aged 6–24 months with undernutrition and severe malnutrition was recorded at 17.7%. This study is a case report of a 23-month-old boy living in a village in 2025. The case was observed over a three-week period using a home visit approach. The diagnosis of undernutrition was established based on national guidelines, specifically the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Health No. 2 of 2020 concerning child anthropometric standards. Anthropometric measurements showed the child had a height of 81 cm and a weight of 8.12 kg. The child’s nutritional status was classified as underweight based on the Weight-for-Age (W/A) Z-score. Following diagnosis, the patient received nutritional education, supplementary food, appetite-stimulating vitamins, and growth monitoring. The study concluded that several determinants contributed to the underweight condition in this 23-month-old patient, including behavioral factors, incomplete immunization, and recurrent infections.

Assessment is an integral part of the learning process that functions to determine the extent to which learning objectives have been achieved. This article discusses the assessment of cognitive and psychomotor domains in reading comprehension material with a focus on evaluative thinking. The main focus in evaluative reading is the ability of students to assess, criticize, and provide responses to information or texts read. Cognitive assessment is directed at measuring analytical, synthesis, and evaluation skills, while psychomotor assessment touches on aspects of real skills such as delivering oral responses or making written summaries. This study is expected to be a reference for educators in compiling holistic and balanced assessment instruments.

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah semakin menurunnya nilai moral di kalangan siswa yang ditandai dengan melemahnya sopan santun, tanggung jawab, dan empati. Penelitian ini membahas nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam cerpen digital Kompas edisi Maret 2025 dan pemanfaatannya sebagai alternatif bahan ajar sastra di SMA kelas XI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk nilai moral yang muncul dalam cerpen serta menilai kelayakan cerpen tersebut sebagai media pembelajaran sastra yang relevan dengan kehidupan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka, simak, dan catat. Sumber data utama adalah tujuh cerpen dari Kompas digital edisi Maret 2025, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku dan jurnal terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerpen-cerpen tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai moral seperti tanggung jawab, empati, solidaritas sosial, ketulusan, penghargaan terhadap sesama, dan kejujuran. Nilai-nilai ini disampaikan baik secara tersirat melalui perilaku tokoh maupun secara tersurat dalam narasi cerita. Cerpen-cerpen tersebut juga dinilai layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar karena mendukung penguatan karakter siswa, meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, serta sesuai dengan capaian pembelajaran dalam kurikulum bahasa Indonesia kelas XI. Penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam memperkaya alternatif sumber pembelajaran yang berbasis teks sastra aktual dan bermuatan moral.

This study aims to analyze the degree of employee compliance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at PT XYZ, especially in the implementation of working hours. The background of this study was based on the findings of a discrepancy between practices in the field and the company's SOP provisions, such as delays in employees entering work and unscheduled return. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of PT XYZ's employees and HRD. The factors that hinder compliance include lack of personal discipline, distance of residence, lack of supervision, and low understanding of SOPs. Failure to comply with the SOP has resulted in a decline in performance, administrative sanctions, and potential loss of company operations. Research results show that while companies have clear disciplinary enforcement policies and procedures, better strategies are needed to improve employee awareness and discipline in complying with standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study emphasizes the importance of improving SOP understanding through training as well as strengthening supervisory policies to create a work culture that is disciplined and compliant with applicable rules.    

The Fatimid Dynasty was an Isma'ili Shia caliphate established in the early 10th century CE, ruling over North Africa and later Egypt. This article examines the legacy of the Fatimid Dynasty, which ruled from 909 to 1171 CE, focusing on their conquest of the Maghreb region and the pivotal takeover of Egypt that marked a significant milestone in their history. Claiming direct descent from Fatimah az-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, the Fatimids established their capital in Cairo and fostered the growth of Islamic culture and education, including the founding of Al-Azhar University. The article also explores the emergence of the Darazi sect as part of the internal dynamics within Ismaili Shi'ism, which influenced the political and religious landscape of the dynasty. The rise and decline of the Fatimid Dynasty were shaped by both internal challenges and external pressures until its eventual fall in the 12th century. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the political, military, social, and religious aspects that defined the Fatimid Dynasty’s role in Islamic history.

This study aims to analyze the theory and implementation of decision-making in public administration and to examine its relation to Rational Choice Theory. In the context of public administration, decision-making is influenced not only by norms and bureaucratic structures but also by the rationality of the actors involved. Rational Choice Theory views individuals as rational agents who make decisions based on cost-benefit calculations to maximize personal interest. This study adopts a qualitative approach using literature review and content analysis methods on public policies and relevant case studies. The findings reveal that the implementation of decision-making in the public sector is often not entirely rational due to the influence of political, social, and cultural factors. Nevertheless, elements of Rational Choice Theory remain an important framework for understanding the motivations of bureaucratic actors in formulating and executing policies. This study recommends integrating rational approaches with normative and contextual perspectives in public administration practices to produce more effective and responsive decisions.

This study uses a qualitative method to examine the effectiveness of marketing strategies implemented by Islamic banks in attracting young customers. The background of this research is based on the significant growth of the Islamic banking sector in Indonesia, which has not yet fully optimized the potential of the youth market segment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with marketing managers and young customers, as well as documentation of the promotional strategies employed. The findings reveal that marketing strategies emphasizing Islamic values, service digitalization, and social media campaigns significantly influence young customers’ interest. However, some challenges were also identified, such as low Islamic financial literacy among the youth and limited product innovation tailored to their needs. This study recommends strengthening Islamic financial education, collaborating with youth communities, and developing technology-based products and services so that Islamic banks can be more competitive in attracting young customers. With a more adaptive and communicative approach, Islamic banks have the potential to become the preferred choice for the younger generation in the future.

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and compensation on employee work discipline. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach and multiple linear regression analysis. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The population in this study were 44 people, who also became the sample in this study with the sampling technique using saturated sampling. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 26 software, to test the effect of work motivation and compensation variables on work discipline. The results of this study indicate that work motivation and compensation have a positive and significant effect on employee work discipline, partially and simultaneously. This study shows that the better the work motivation and compensation, the more employee discipline increases at the Burau Electronic Source Store.

This research uses a qualitative method to examine the influence of marketing strategies on the interest in using Islamic banking products among Generation Z. This generation has unique characteristics in accessing information and making financial decisions, including the selection of banking services. Marketing strategies employed by Islamic banks—such as digital promotion, emotional appeal, and Islamic values—play a crucial role in attracting the attention of this generation. The study aims to understand how the elements of marketing—product, price, place, and promotion—affect Generation Z’s perception and preference toward Islamic banking products. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants from among university students and Islamic banking practitioners. The analysis results show that the use of social media, delivery of religious values, and ease of access are dominant factors in increasing interest. These findings contribute to the development of relevant and effective marketing strategies for Islamic banks to expand their market among digitally literate and spiritually aware young generations.

The increasingly advanced era is certainly followed by various developments in the fields of economy, social, culture and even technology. Technological progress in various countries can be seen from the existence of a technology called AI. Artificial Intelligence or AI is an artificial intelligence technology that has the ability to solve problems like humans. In practice, AI will simulate human intelligence with the ability to recognize images, write and even make predictions based on data. Lately, AI has begun to be misused by individuals who feel they are benefiting. In Indonesia, the misuse of AI technology has been rampant where perpetrators use AI for fraud. An act that uses technology as the main weapon of crime is included in the category of cyber crime. The rampant case of cyber crime in Indonesia is the act of voice imitation or voice cloning. The perpetrators in committing their crimes usually use a technological intermediary that can change their voice so that it is similar to the voice of relatives, friends, family or important people or public figures recognized by the victim. Voice imitation or known as voice cloning is the ability to imitate a voice that is similar to the original voice. Voice cloning using AI technology is an imitation of the human voice with an extraordinary level of accuracy of similarity, both in intonation, tone, and also voice patterns. The law on information and electronic transactions contains various regulations regarding information and electronic transactions, but the law does not explain in detail the misuse of AI in voice cloning because there are still limitations in the ITE law regarding criminal acts of voice cloning fraud and until now criminal acts of voice cloning are still rampant.

The development of technology communication and information has produce the phenomenon of digital legacy, which is a person's digital footprint that remains stored and persists after they pass away.This digital legacy not only reflects a person's identity and personal life but also stores sensitive and private data.In the perspective of human rights, the right to privacy is a base right that must be protected, including personal data post-mortem. However, the legal system in Indonesia has not explicitly regulated the protection of digital legacy, resulting in a legal vacuum that potentially violates the right to privacy.This research uses a normative method with a legislative approach and a case approach.The study results show that the absence of national legal norms specifically regulating digital legacy causes society to depend on the internal policies of foreign digital platforms, which do not guarantee justice and human rights protection. National regulations are needed that specifically govern the protection of personal data post-mortem as a form of respect for human privacy and dignity, as well as a tangible manifestation of the state's responsibility to guarantee the human rights of its citizens in the digital era.

The development of information technology has facilitated access to various digital services, including online gambling. Online gambling is widely promoted by influencers on social media. This raises legal issues, considering that gambling is prohibited in Indonesia. Online gambling is often portrayed by influencers as an instant financial solution, enticing many people, especially the youth, who are easily influenced, to participate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legislation related to the promotion of online gambling and assess the effectiveness of law enforcement related to such content on social media. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing primary legal sources such as the ITE Law No. 11 of 2008, updated with Law No. 19 of 2016, and Article 303 of the Criminal Code. Law enforcement must be strengthened through cyber patrols, site blocking, and public education to raise awareness of the risks of online gambling. This study provides guidance for policymakers in designing preventive and repressive measures to combat the promotion of online gambling in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the influence of the school environment on the academic performance of sixth-grade students at SDN Priuk. The school environment includes physical, social, and psychological aspects that are interconnected in shaping students' learning quality. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review, direct observation, and interviews with teachers, students, and parents. The results indicate that physical factors such as cleanliness, classroom comfort, and learning facilities significantly affect students' concentration and enthusiasm for learning. In addition, a positive social environment—marked by harmonious relationships among students, teachers, and peers—encourages enjoyable learning interactions and supports student motivation. The psychological aspect also plays a crucial role; students who feel emotionally supported and recognized for their achievements tend to have higher intrinsic motivation and better academic performance. This study recommends that schools continuously improve the quality of the learning environment in all three aspects to create a more conducive atmosphere for students’ academic growth and success..

In daily life, people often experience stress, whether at work, within the family, or while interacting with other. However,  in the workplace, stress becomes a unique challenges,  especially for profession with high pressure such a nurses. Nurses often become the group most vulnerable to work-related stress due to the heavy workload and high emotional pressure. This study is a literature review aimed at evaluating and analysis the relationship between nurse work stress and the number of tasks they handle in hospitals. This study examined  15 scientifik journals published from January to april 2025. Most of the  research finding indicate that there is a significant relationship between workplace  stress and the amount of workload received. The stress levels experienced by nurses usually increase due to excessive workloads, both in terms of the number of takss and the level of difficulty.    

Herpes zoster and crusted scabies are dermatological conditions that pose a higher risk and clinical severity in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with chronic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. This case report presents a 55-year-old woman with painful vesicular eruptions on the right neck and generalized thick, crusted, itchy plaques across the body. She had a longstanding history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster and crusted scabies was confirmed through physical examination and KOH microscopic testing, which identified Sarcoptes scabiei. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, topical permethrin, and supportive therapy to manage pain and prevent secondary infections. The coexistence of herpes zoster and crusted scabies in a diabetic patient highlights the role of impaired immunity in disease severity and presentation. Early recognition and integrated management are essential to improve prognosis and prevent complications.

This research explores the correlation between parenting styles and the level of independence among children with special needs attending Special Needs Schools (SLB). Parenting plays a pivotal role in shaping children’s behavioral development and functional abilities, particularly for those requiring more tailored and supportive approaches. Employing a quantitative method with a causal-comparative design, data were obtained through a structured questionnaire distributed to parents of children aged 7–12 with special needs. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between the authoritative (democratic) parenting style and children’s independence. In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles showed limited influence. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced parenting model that blends guidance with autonomy, as it fosters greater independence in children's daily functioning. The study is expected to contribute to the formulation of family support initiatives and inclusive education policies that strengthen the role of parents as key educators.

The influence of communication is the most important thing in human life to provide support and good motivation to each other. The purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Communication Between Parents and Migrant Students on Cultural Adaptation Skills in Makassar City, where the inhibiting factors are. In this study, the method used is a qualitative method, using data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research in the field, it was obtained that the influence of communication between parents and migrant students on cultural adaptation skills in Makassar City was not optimal because it was seen from the low quality network so that communication between parents and migrant students was not in accordance with expectations. In addition, there is also a factor of lack of understanding of parents in operating the media accompanied by their respective busyness.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SMA Negeri di Kecamatan Balige, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif inferensial dengan populasi 113 guru dan sampel sebanyak 55 orang yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan kepada 30 guru di luar sampel utama dan seluruh instrumen dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket tertutup berisi 87 item. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru dengan kontribusi sebesar 24,1% (Fhitung 16,856 > Ftabel 3,15). Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan kontribusi sebesar 27,2% (Fhitung 19,769 > Ftabel 3,15). Secara simultan, budaya organisasi dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru dengan kontribusi sebesar 35% (Fhitung 14,029 > Ftabel 3,15). Dengan demikian, ketiga hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima.

This study aims to analyze the influence of principal academic supervision and teacher work motivation on the performance of senior high school teachers in Balige District, Toba Regency. Teacher performance is a key factor in achieving educational goals, influenced by external support such as academic supervision and internal factors such as work motivation. The research method employed is quantitative inferential, with a population of 143 teachers from three different senior high schools. The sample, determined using the Krejcie table, comprised 120 respondents. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 60 items. The results of data analysis show that principal academic supervision has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, contributing between 12.5% and 29.0%. Similarly, teacher work motivation also has a positive and significant effect, contributing between 12.3% and 23.8%. Simultaneously, principal academic supervision and teacher work motivation have a significant combined effect on teacher performance, contributing between 21.3% and 36.2%. These findings highlight the importance of effective academic supervision by school principals and the need to enhance teacher motivation in order to support the achievement of optimal performance.