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The development of social media has triggered a dynamic shift in the meaning of language used in everyday communication. This article aims to analyze the lexical meaning changes and expansions in the Indonesian language as used on social media platforms, particularly Twitter and Instagram. This study employs a descriptive semantic approach with content analysis methods applied to selected viral posts. The findings show that many words experience semantic shift, the formation of new meanings (neologisms), and altered connotations based on digital context. These results highlight the importance of semantic understanding in interpreting the evolving nature of language in the digital era.

This study aims to determine the effect of using concept maps on the speaking ability of grade IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Jeruklegi in 2025. The background of this study is the ability to convey understanding orally, especially the gap between formal and non-formal speaking. Therefore, a way is needed to overcome this, one of which is by using concept maps. Using concept maps, students can see the relationship between concepts visually so that students can easily understand and remember information more precisely. This can improve students' ability to explain material systematically and logically. The method used is an experiment with two groups, namely the experimental group that was given treatment using concept maps and the control group that did not receive learning with concept maps. The instrument used was an oral speaking test before and after treatment. The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, which indicates that the use of concept maps has a positive effect on students' speaking skills. These findings recommend the use of concept maps as an alternative to varied and enjoyable speaking learning.

This study aims to examine the personality structure of the characters in the novel Areksa written by ItaKrn by utilizing a literary psychology approach based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This study focuses more on the characters of Areksa Dirgantara and Ilona Ladeika, who experience emotional dynamics through the interaction of the three components of personality: id, ego, and superego. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques that include in-depth reading and recording. The findings of this study indicate that the characters in the novel face significant internal conflicts, where emotional drives (id), rational considerations (ego), and moral values ​​(superego) influence each other in the decision-making process and attitude formation. Areksa is shown as a character trapped in a dilemma between love and faith, while Ilona depicts a struggle between personal desires and existing social norms. These results emphasize how relevant Freud's theory is in understanding psychological conflicts in literary characters. Thus, a literary psychology approach can explore the inner depths of characters and enrich understanding of literary works as a reflection of the complexity of human psychology.

This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Alie in the novel Rumah untuk Alie by Lenn Liu using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach. The focus of the study lies in identifying and interpreting the personality structures of id, ego, and superego, as well as the ego defense mechanisms that emerge as responses to trauma and violence within the family environment. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing content analysis techniques on the narrative, dialogue, and monologue of the main character. The results indicate that Alie’s id is manifested in a deep longing for love and protection, the ego functions in adapting and adjusting to the reality of a rejecting family, while the superego is reflected through feelings of guilt and a tendency to accept mistreatment as a form of self-punishment. These findings confirm that traumatic experiences and family pressures significantly influence the development of personality and mental health of the character. This study also highlights the relevance of literary psychology in revealing psychological issues faced by contemporary Indonesian society through literary works.

The Constitutional Court is a state institution that emerged from the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, as part of the efforts to strengthen the principles of the rule of law and constitutional democracy in Indonesia. This institution plays a crucial role in upholding legal regulations, ensuring proper checks, and balancing the power between institutions and the state. This research aims to examine the position, authority, and contributions of the Constitutional Court within Indonesia's governance system. A normative approach is generally used, along with analyses of laws, Constitutional Court decisions, and various related legal literature. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court not only acts as the gatekeeper of the structure, but also as the sole translator of the structure, which has an important influence on the dynamics of relations between state institutions and the development of constitutional law in Indonesia. The Constitutional Court participates in the protection of citizens' rights, the improvement of the electoral system, and the upholding of the principles of democracy and real justice.

This study aims to analyse the effect of work climate on teacher morale at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate is an important factor in creating a work atmosphere that supports the performance and motivation of educators. Teachers' morale, as an indicator of the success of the education process, is influenced by various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, leadership of the madrasah head, and work environment conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 teachers at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate variables were measured through dimensions such as leadership, openness of communication, and peer support. Meanwhile, morale was measured through indicators of productivity, motivation, and commitment to duty. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression technique to determine the relationship and influence between the two variables. The results showed that work climate has a significant influence on teachers' morale at MAN 1 Medan. This finding indicates that a positive work climate, characterised by open communication, adequate support, and inspirational leadership, can significantly improve teachers' morale. Conversely, a less conducive work climate negatively impacts teachers' motivation and performance. This study concludes that effective work climate management is an important strategy in improving teachers' morale. The madrasah is advised to pay attention to the aspects that make up the work climate, such as rewarding performance, creating a harmonious working atmosphere, and ensuring good communication between the madrasah head and teachers. Thus, the quality of education at MAN 1 Medan can continue to be improved through strengthening the morale of the teaching staff.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

This scientific article comprehensively investigates the fundamental principles of Fiqh Muamalah governing Islamic economic transactions, focusing on three primary areas: sale (bay'), debt-financing (dayn), and leasing (ijarah). This research aims to analyze the Sharia conceptual framework underlying each contract, including its pillars, conditions, and legal implications, as well as to identify crucial prohibitions such as gharar (ambiguity), riba (interest/unlawful increment), and maysir (speculation). Furthermore, this article explores the relevance and challenges of applying these principles within the dynamic context of the modern economy, characterized by financial innovation, digital technology, and globalization. Through an in-depth literature study and a comparative analysis of classical and contemporary scholars' interpretations, this research examines how ethical Islamic principles such as justice ('adl), mutual consent (taradhi), and public interest (maslahah) can be integrated into current business practices. Selected case studies on e-commerce transactions, digital lending platforms, and technology-based leasing models are analyzed to illustrate the challenges and potential solutions in applying Fiqh Muamalah. This article concludes by offering a perspective on the importance of contextual reinterpretation and the innovation of Islamic financial products to ensure the relevance of Fiqh Muamalah in addressing global economic challenges while upholding Islamic values.

The purpose of this study was to determine how much academic supervision at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara improves teacher performance. This study, which used a quantitative methodology and a straightforward linear regression analytic method, included all 41 of the school's teachers. Direct observation, the distribution of questionnaires, and documentation were used to gather data. The SPSS program was used to first assess the validity and reliability of each instrument. Descriptive statistics, linear regression testing to determine the association between variables, and normality and linearity tests were all part of the data analysis. With a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 4.299 that was higher than the t table of 2.021, the study's findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between academic supervision and the caliber of teacher performance. Furthermore, the use of academic supervision accounts for 51.1% of the difference in teacher performance, with other factors not included in this study influencing the remaining 48.9%. These results suggest that while academic supervision is a significant component in raising the caliber of teacher work, other outside variables still require consideration in order to achieve the best possible outcomes during the teaching process.

The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge for mothers at the Garuda 04 Posyandu in Harapan Jaya Bekasi on how to use income to manage a balanced life between the needs of early childhood or toddlers and family needs. The results show that most members of the Garuda 04 Posyandu do not understand properly and correctly how to manage family income properly and correctly from the financial income they earn, such as the difference between needs and wants, budgeting, and the importance of saving and managing the fulfillment of toddler needs for the children they have. The training was conducted in one day with a participatory-educational approach and socialization. This method includes providing materials, group discussions, simulations, and reflections from each individual. The activities showed high active participation from participants and were actively involved in the discussions that were carried out. This socialization provides evidence that an experience-based approach can effectively increase understanding and awareness of the importance of financial management that they are facing.

Islamic educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping students’ character based on Islamic values. However, the rapid development of the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges. This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic educational institutions in adapting to the digital age and to offer practical solutions. The research identifies key issues such as outdated curricula, lack of professional human resources, limited digital infrastructure, and financial constraints. The findings suggest that to remain relevant, these institutions must integrate technology into the learning process, reform curriculum design, improve teachers' digital competencies, and ensure sustainable funding. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between schools, families, governments, and society in ensuring the advancement of Islamic education in a digitalized world.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students and Rahmatan lil Alamin Students (P5PPRA) within the Merdeka Curriculum for Grade 4 students at MI Ziyadatul Iman, Jambi City. The focus is on how the program is carried out and the factors that influence its success. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the implementation of P5PPRA consists of three key stages. First, the planning stage involves forming a facilitator team, assessing the school’s readiness, choosing project themes and dimensions, and preparing modules and schedules. Second, the implementation phase includes five steps: introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. Third, evaluation is conducted by teachers through performance assessments, evaluation of student products, and assessment of attitudes and skills, using both written tools and observation. Supporting factors include cooperation from school stakeholders, sufficient facilities, and available funding. Meanwhile, obstacles include a lack of teacher training on the Merdeka Curriculum and limited understanding of P5PPRA. By identifying these factors, schools can strengthen support and find solutions to challenges, helping ensure the program runs effectively.

Islamic education delves into the profound aspects of the individual, where knowledge is regarded as a divine gift that must be utilized in fulfilling the human role as a khalifah (steward) on Earth. The main challenge facing Islamic education today is the dichotomy between religious and secular knowledge. This study explores the thoughts of Mohammad Natsir, an Indonesian Muslim intellectual, who sought to formulate an Islamic education system that aligns with the demands of religion, nation, and state. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, this study concludes that: 1) Natsir’s thoughts on Islamic education are based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, emphasizing the importance of an integral, harmonious, and universal education to develop human potential as khalifah. 2) Natsir’s relevance in the reform of Islamic education includes a purification process returning to pure Islamic teachings with tawhid (monotheism) as the foundation of education, and modernization through the integration of religious and secular education to overcome the dichotomy in Indonesia’s educational system.

The characteristics and character of an entrepreneur play a significant role in the success of the business being run. Entrepreneurs often have traits such as courage, creativity, and intensity that allow them to experience various challenges in the business world. Not only that, the ability to take calculated risks and adapt to market changes is also a key aspect in their expedition as entrepreneurs. This trait not only influences business decisions but also contributes to their individual and professional growth. Entrepreneurial character is often indicated by an orientation towards achievement and great internal motivation. They tend to have a clear vision and are able to formulate long-term goals for their business. Not only that, the ability to build networks and establish good relationships with various parties, such as customers, partners, and employees, is also an important aspect of an entrepreneur's character. This helps them in generating new opportunities and maintaining business continuity. In the context of economic growth, a description of the characteristics and character of entrepreneurs is very important for encouraging innovation and business development. By identifying these traits, aspiring entrepreneurs can improve themselves and better prepare themselves to face the challenges that exist. In addition, support from areas such as learning and training can also help hone the personality and character needed to succeed in the world of entrepreneurship.

Determining the scale of priorities in Islamic jurisprudence is an important method in decision-making in accordance with the principles of Islamic law. This principle is based on the rules of Islamic jurisprudence such as prioritizing obligatory obligations, prioritizing public interest, and preventing damage (dar'u al-mafāsid), which serve to balance individual needs and community interests. In this context, Islamic jurisprudence facilitates a systematic and proportional approach to various life problems. These principles emphasize that in order to achieve maqashid al-shariah (the goals of Islamic law), priority must be given to matters that are urgent, primary, and have the greatest and most sustainable benefits. Thus, the scale of priorities becomes an important instrument in ensuring justice, interest, and continuity in policy-making and actions. Understanding and applying these rules of Islamic jurisprudence enable Muslims to make decisions that are appropriate, balanced, and contextual, according to the situations and conditions faced. This study emphasizes the importance of the concept of the scale of priorities as a normative basis in realizing decisions that are just and beneficial for all people.

The implementation of the PAKEM (Active, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning) model in Christian Religious Education (PAK) has shown significant potential in improving students’ understanding of Christian values ​​in elementary schools. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the implementation of the PAKEM model and its effectiveness in fostering a deeper understanding of values ​​such as compassion, honesty, and forgiveness among students. Although conventional teaching methods are often used in PAK, the PAKEM model encourages active participation, creativity, and a fun learning atmosphere. Research shows that the model has a positive impact on students’ motivation and academic achievement. However, challenges such as limited teacher training and inadequate facilities hinder its optimal implementation. Solutions include ongoing professional development for teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to the local context. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration between educators, parents, and the community to support the effective implementation of the PAKEM model. Ultimately, the PAKEM approach not only improves cognitive outcomes but also contributes to students’ moral and spiritual development, preparing them to embody Christian values ​​in their daily lives.  By cultivating an engaging and supportive learning environment, the PAKEM model aims to create a generation of morally resilient individuals who integrate their faith into their actions.

This article aims to examine the role of digital learning media in supporting mathematics learning that is aligned with the spirit of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on twenty scientific articles that discuss the use of digital media in learning mathematics at various levels of education. The results of the study show that digital learning media such as the Canva application, Wordwall, digital comics, animated videos, and educational games can significantly improve concept understanding, learning motivation, and student engagement. Digital media also supports the differentiated and contextual learning approach that is the main characteristic of Merdeka Curriculum. This study concludes that digital media is not only effective in conveying abstract material visually and interactively, but also encourages the development of students' 21st century skills, such as critical thinking, independence, and creativity. The findings are expected to be a reference for teachers, researchers, and policy makers in designing innovative and adaptive mathematics learning strategies in the digital era.

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.

The increasingly dynamic and competitive business environment requires companies to respond strategically to various external threats. This study aims to examine the strategic responses adopted by companies in facing competitive dynamics through a literature review approach. The method used is a systematic review of scholarly articles published in the last five years. The findings indicate that companies implement various strategies—such as product innovation, strategic alliances, and organizational restructuring—as responses to competitive pressures. This study contributes to a better understanding of how companies can survive and grow amidst intense market competition.