Countries in the Indo-Pacific region are increasingly actively using digital diplomacy to build relationships Countries use digital diplomacy by referring to foreign regulations and policies used for countries in conducting multilateral diplomacy, namely the 1964 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Apart from the main guidelines that have arisen, the main problem arises, namely in the practice of international relations, is the lack of regulations and arrangements for digital diplomacy practices for middle power countries such as Indonesia who want to strengthen their role in supporting their country's defense and security. By using the type of normative legal research and the analysis approach, this study produces findings that the need for regulations and arrangements for digital diplomacy that can support Indonesia's role in strengthening the country's defense and security

Layout has an important role in improving the quality of life and productivity of cows. Placing the right layout of space or facilities can make it easier to carry out daily maintenance and upkeep activities. This research was conducted to analyze the layout of facilities at Sapi Juara Farm. Sapi Juara Farm is a privately owned dairy farm located in Kec. Pamijahan, Bogor Regency, West Java. This farm provides fresh cow's milk to meet the demands of the cow's milk processing industry and the community's demand for milk. The layout of this farm needs to be reviewed in order to increase operational efficiency and optimal milk yield. This research aims to investigate and analyze the layout of facilities at Sapi Juara Farm using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and Total Closeness Rating (TCR) methods. The results of the analysis of the two methods showed that the highest score was in the feed warehouse with a total score of 331 and the lowest score was in the owner's house with a total score of 15. The equipment warehouse underwent changes to be placed adjacent to the sterilization room to make it easier to clean the equipment and the process of transporting the milk out.
 
 

Enhancing students' critical thinking skills is a major challenge in Social Studies education in the 21st century. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the problem-solving method in improving students' critical thinking skills within the context of Social Studies. Employing a qualitative approach with a library research design, this research analyzes various literature related to the application of the problem-solving method. Findings reveal that this method significantly enhances students' abilities to analyze information, formulate solutions, and connect theory with practice. However, challenges such as resource limitations and the need for teacher training can impact its effectiveness. The implications of this research suggest the need for intensive teacher training and systematic integration of the problem-solving method into the social studies curriculum to improve educational quality. Future research is recommended to explore different educational settings and additional method combinations to deepen understanding of problem-solving implementation in social studies education.

The government made a policy where MSME actors were expected to have complete and legal licensing documents. Of the 10 MSME actors listed by the UMKM coordinator in Sumurmati Village, all of them have not been registered and have a Business Identification Number (NIB). Therefore, with the KKN-T MBKM Group 62 UPN "Veteran" East Java in Sumurmati Village, as a form of service to the community, KKN-T MBKM Group 62 created a program where these students will help MSME actors in Sumurmati Village to have a Business Identification Number (NIB) by conducting socialization and also helping these MSME actors to register their businesses through Online Single Submission (OSS). By having complete and legal permits, MSME actors can be protected by law so as to prevent them from legal disputes that can be detrimental to their business, facilitate business development, provide opportunities for them to obtain business assistance or training from the government, and make it easier to obtain venture capital because their businesses already have complete and legal permits.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the "English for Specific Purposes for Meetings" textbook authored by Kenneth Thompson, published by OXFORD University Press, through a descriptive analysis method. Drawing on Tomlinson's theoretical criteria, the evaluation highlights the textbook's alignment with learner needs and its efficacy in fostering engagement and confidence in professional communication settings. Findings indicate that the textbook effectively integrates contemporary topics and diverse learning activities to support authentic language use and active learning. However, a notable area for improvement is the need for outcome feedback opportunities. Overall, while the "English for Meetings" textbook demonstrates substantial effectiveness in addressing learner needs within professional contexts, areas for enhancement exist, suggesting avenues for future research to inform improved language teaching practices for ESP learners.
 

Law No. 19 of 2013 on the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers aims to improve farmers' welfare through various programs, including fertilizer subsidies. However, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers often faces issues such as misallocation, delays, and misuse. The Farmer Card (Kartu Tani), an innovation to facilitate the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, has significant potential to address these problems. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Farmer Card in the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, identify the challenges faced by farmers in its use, and propose solutions for the optimization of the Farmer Card. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, this study finds that the main challenges include technical issues, lack of socialization, bureaucratic hurdles, and farmers' distrust of new technology. Proposed solutions include enhancing technological infrastructure, providing intensive training for farmers, and simplifying administrative procedures. The study's results indicate that improvements in these aspects can enhance the effectiveness and transparency of subsidized fertilizer distribution through the Farmer Card.

The development of technology and information which has grown very rapidly in recent years has made marketing media change little by little, social media is one example of a marketing tool that has a huge influence on the sale of a product so that the product can be recognized globally with social media. This. The visit to the Zeoland.Id store aims to fulfill one of the assignments for the Managerial Economics Course, and also aims to find out the benefits of social media at the Zeoland.Id store which can increase their sales through this digitalization. The method used in this visit was a descriptive and observative method, in which we visited the Zeoland.Id store directly and interviewed the shop owner. The results of this visit included being able to find out the tips and methods used by Zeoland.Id stores in introducing their products to consumers through social media, especially Instagram and TikTok as promotional media and Shopee as sales media, uncovering several digital marketing strategies from stores Zeoland.Id and also know the efficiency of increasing sales through social media.

The purpose of this observation is to increase the efficiency of financial transactions and financial and inventory management at Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang by utilizing digital payment technology. In addition, another goal is to provide easy payment for customers and help cafes compete in an increasingly competitive market by adopting more advanced technology. As a cafe business, Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang has utilized digital technology to increase efficiency and expand their customer reach. One of the ways Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang makes use of digital payments is by accepting non-cash payments. In addition, Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang also accepts payments using a debit card or credit card. Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang also utilizes digital payments in their financial management. They use online accounting applications to monitor and manage their cash flow. With this application, they can track their income and expenses more easily, as well as generate financial reports quickly and accurately.. In conclusion, Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang has made good use of digital payments to increase efficiency and expand their customer reach. By accepting cashless payments, using online accounting applications, and leveraging social media for marketing, Cafe Cetroo Coffee 120 Karawang can improve their customer experience and business efficiency.
 

PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja-Persero (Pusri) is a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) with the sole shareholder being the government of the Republic of Indonesia. PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja is a company that was founded as a pioneer producer of urea fertilizer in Indonesia on December 24 1959 in Palembang, South Sumatra. Pusri started business operations with the main aim of implementing and supporting government policies and programs in the economic and national development sectors, especially in the fertilizer and other chemical industries. This research aims to determine the distribution and promotion strategy for subsidized and non-subsidized urea fertilizer products by Pt. Sriwidjaja Fertilizer. The methodology used in this research uses a qualitative approach, using several data in the form of documents, schemes, information which will later be involved directly and interpreted into further data related to the description of the object to be studied. Through interviews and observations it can be seen that the marketing strategy carried out by PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja in subsidized and non-subsidized urea fertilizer products using Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning (STP) and also the 7P Marketing Mix Strategy (Product, Promotion, Price, Place, People, Process, Physical Evidence)

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in many places. The development of coffee cultivation in Indonesia has grown rapidly, in 2016, about 633 thousand tons of coffee were produced and in 2017, 636.7 thousand tons, which means that the growth was about 0.74%. Arabica and Robusta are the coffee species that account for most of the world's coffee trade. There are differences between Arabica and Robusta coffees both in terms of taste and the shape of the beans. Many coffee sellers and vendors do not know the difference. Therefore, to avoid mistakes when choosing coffee beans, you need software that helps distinguish types of coffee beans based on their shape. As an alternative software, image processing using the artificial neural network method can be used. This study looks at how the software detects the pattern of the coffee bean image using a morphological method using quantitative learning methods. The feature vectors used were width, height, width, mean, variance and standard deviation. The class classification is divided into the image class of Arabica coffee beans and the image class of Robusta coffee beans, with an average recognition result during the testing process of 97%