Class II A teachers rarely utilize learning media in the classroom, relying primarily on textbooks. As a result, students often feel bored and disengaged, making the learning process less interactive and ineffective. This research aims to develop a smart board learning media, assess its validity, and evaluate its effectiveness in teaching subject matter, predicates, objects, and information. This study follows a research and development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The research was conducted in Class II A at SDN Sukabumi 2, Probolinggo City. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed to material/content expert validators, media experts, teachers, and students. The results of the product trial indicate that the smart board media received a validity score of 94% from material/content experts and 91% from media experts. These scores fall within the 90–100% range, categorizing the media as highly valid. Field trials further demonstrated its effectiveness, with Class II A teachers rating it at 93% (very effective) and students at 87% (effective). In conclusion, the smart board media serves as an effective teaching aid, enhancing the learning experience for Class II A students at SDN Sukabumi 2. Future research could expand the development of smart board media for broader subject areas, ensuring greater engagement and motivation in the classroom.

Purpose: This research aims to develop a system interface design solution to address the university’s knowledge management problem with exam proctors. Developing a knowledge management system is expected to maintain the integrity of examinees and reduce the risk of plagiarism. This research identifies user needs in business processes and maps them to relevant features based on previous research.
Methods: This research adopted a user-centered design methodology in developing interface design solutions, which consisted of four stages: understanding the context of use, specifying user requirements, designing solutions, and evaluating against requirements. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire was employed for design solution evaluation.
Result: This research identified the needs of business processes in higher education in the context of exam proctors and mapped them to a suitable feature solution. Recommendations for information architecture and knowledge management system design implementation in higher education were also provided. This research achieved a SUS score of 74.8, indicating that the developed system met users’ needs.
Novelty: This research provides a practical implementation of developing a knowledge management system in higher education with user-centered design.

The application of diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system aims to prevent children from undergoing formal legal proceedings that could negatively impact their development. This study analyzes the implementation of diversion in Decision Number 5/Pen.Div/2023/PN Kot Jo and Number 18/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Kot, involving a 15-year-old minor as the perpetrator of a minor offense. The study highlights the judge's considerations in determining diversion, including the child's age, the type of offense, and the offender's social background. Furthermore, this research examines how the principles of restorative justice are applied through diversion deliberations involving the offender, the victim, their families, and other relevant parties. The findings indicate that diversion in this case successfully reached a voluntary agreement, requiring the offender to return the item and compensate the victim. This agreement not only aims to prevent the negative impact of formal judicial proceedings but also provides an opportunity for the child to rehabilitate and reintegrate into society. These findings emphasize that when implemented effectively, diversion mechanisms can serve as an efficient solution for resolving juvenile delinquency cases without resorting to litigation.

Postpartum is the period that begins after the birth of the placenta and ends when the bladder returns to its original state before pregnancy, which lasts for 6-40 days. The length of the postpartum period is ± 6 – 8 weeks. The postpartum period begins after the birth of the placenta and ends when the uterine organs return to their pre-pregnancy state, which lasts approximately 6 weeks. The aim is to determine the relationship between family support and adaptation to psychological changes in postpartum mothers. Research Method uses a quantitative approach with correlation methods and a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique, the number of respondents was 35 respondents. The research location was at the Romana Tanjung Anom Clinic which was carried out from January 5 to March 30 2024. Data analysis using Chi Square. The result was that 74.3% of 26 respondents were in the category of supporting postpartum mothers. Univariate Analysis of Adaptation to Psychological Changes in Pregnant Women found that the majority of postpartum mothers were in the positive psychological adaptation category with 27 respondents or 77.1%. Bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between family support and adaptation to psychological changes in postpartum mothers.

Land disputes within indigenous law communities remain a complex and evolving issue in Indonesia. Although customary law is recognized within the national legal framework, its implementation continues to face various challenges, including limited formal recognition and overlapping agrarian regulations. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of customary law in resolving land disputes, compare it with national litigation mechanisms, and identify factors influencing its application. Employing both empirical and normative legal approaches, this research utilizes in-depth interviews, observations, and legal document analysis. The study sample includes customary leaders, agrarian officials, law enforcement officers, and disputing community members. Findings indicate that 75% of the 100 land dispute cases examined were successfully resolved through customary mechanisms, whereas only 30% of cases reached resolution through national litigation. Additionally, the average time required for dispute resolution under customary law was approximately four months, significantly shorter than the three to five years typically needed for litigation. Key factors supporting the effectiveness of customary law include the flexibility of deliberative mechanisms, high community compliance, and a restorative justice approach. However, the implementation of customary law still faces challenges regarding legal legitimacy, external interventions, and the lack of regulatory support to accommodate indigenous dispute resolution mechanisms. Therefore, more inclusive policies are needed to integrate customary law into the national legal system, creating a more effective and equitable dispute resolution framework

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition caused by structural or functional abnormalities characterized by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). One of the treatments for CKD patients is hemodialysis (HD). Sleep disorders are among the complications of hemodialysis. Administering lavender aromatherapy is a method to improve the sleep quality of patients. This study uses a literature review method. Articles were searched on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar using advanced search with the keywords "Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Lavender Aromatherapy," resulting in 10 relevant articles to compile this review. The results showed that lavender aromatherapy was effective in addressing complications such as poor sleep quality, fatigue, pain, and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. In conclusion, lavender aromatherapy has been proven effective in improving the sleep quality of HD patients.

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Sukosari Village, Jumantono District, Karanganyar Regency, which will be implemented in August 2024, aims to overcome the problem of community service by focusing on preventing stunting and empowering MSMEs. The main problems identified include the high rate of stunting among children and limited knowledge and support for local MSME actors. The main aim of this activity is to increase public awareness regarding the importance of nutritious nutritional intake to prevent stunting, strengthen the branding of MSME products, and ensure that these products meet legality standards through the creation of a Business Identification Number (NIB) and halal certification. The method applied includes several strategic steps, namely making complementary food products in the form of spinach nuggets and fruit salad which are aimed at meeting children's nutritional needs and reducing the risk of stunting. In addition, information signs on stunting prevention were installed in strategic locations such as posyandu and village halls to increase public awareness. To support MSMEs, the KKN team also designs label and banner designs aimed at increasing the attractiveness and professionalism of products, as well as providing assistance in creating NIBs and halal certification so that MSME products can meet regulatory standards. The results of this activity show an increase in public knowledge regarding the importance of nutritious food and preventing stunting, as well as an increase in the ability of MSMEs to manage and market their products. MSME players benefit from new designs that increase the attractiveness of their products, as well as legality that expands market access. Qualitatively, this activity involved the active participation of 40 women in socialization and 15 MSME actors in the design and certification process, with full support from village officials and related agencies, which ensured the success and sustainability of the program.

The development of computer technology helps many aspects of life. One aspect of life that takes advantage of technological developments is the health sector, in order to solve problems including brain tumors. Brain Tumor Disease is the growth of abnormal cells in or around the brain in an unnatural and uncontrolled manner. Patients with brain tumors continue to increase every year, because the initial symptoms are often underestimated. Therefore created a software that can help diagnose brain tumors using the certainty factor method

Language plays a crucial role in communication as it occurs in every individual's or group's interaction. When visiting a country that speaks a foreign language, it is essential to effectively communicate in that language. This research studied international students who qualified to study abroad yet still experienced some language barriers while living in Australia. This study aims to find what are the types, effects, and their strategy to prevent the language barrier they experienced. A qualitative approach was applied in this research and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 Indonesian students who study in Australia. The result shows that the types of language barriers faced by the participants were: technical jargon, badly expressed message, and unclarified assumptions. Then, confusion was the primary impact of the language barrier on each interviewee. Lastly, the strategies they used to prevent the language barrier were: speaking slowly and clearly, asking for clarification, frequently checking for understanding, and being patient. In addition, it is suggested that international students find out more about the culture through local television movies or series so that they become familiar with the local terms.