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Lower back pain is a common complaint often experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester (TM 3). This condition can affect the functional activities of pregnant women, such as the ability to walk, stand, and perform daily activities. This study aims to determine the relationship between lower back pain and its effect on functional activities in TM 3 pregnant women at the Paguyaman Health Center, Gorontalo Regency. This study aims to identify a significant relationship between the level of lower back pain and disorders in the functional activities of TM 3 pregnant women at the Paguyaman Health Center. This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 30 pregnant women in the third trimester who experienced lower back pain. Data were collected through a questionnaire to measure the level of lower back pain and its effect on functional activities. Data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test, and the p-value obtained was 0.000. The results of the study showed that there was a very significant relationship between lower back pain and functional activity disorders in pregnant women in the 3rd trimester, with a p-value = 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a strong influence between the two. Lower back pain in pregnant women in the 3rd trimester has a significant effect on functional activity disorders in mothers. This indicates the need for more attention to the treatment of lower back pain to improve the quality of life and mobility of pregnant women. It is recommended for medical personnel to provide education on how to manage lower back pain and techniques that can help pregnant women reduce pain and improve the quality of their functional activities. In addition, pregnant women should be given information about safe physical exercise to help reduce pain and improve mobility.

The labor process in pregnant women can take place with varying times, and several factors can affect the duration of labor, one of which is nipple stimulation. Nipple stimulation is known to stimulate the production of oxytocin which helps accelerate uterine contractions and shorten the duration of labor, especially in the second stage. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nipple stimulation on the duration of second stage labor in women giving birth at the Motolohu Health Center UPTD, Pohuwato Regency. This study aims to determine whether nipple stimulation can affect the duration of second stage labor in women giving birth at the Motolohu Health Center UPTD, Pohuwato Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with an experimental design using a pre-test and post-test approach. The study was conducted on 16 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nipple stimulation was carried out during the active phase of labor to monitor changes in the duration of second stage labor. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that after nipple stimulation, there was a significant change in the duration of the second stage of labor in mothers in labor. The p value obtained from the Wilcoxon test was 0.000, which indicated that nipple stimulation had a significant effect on reducing the duration of the second stage of labor. Nipple stimulation can shorten the duration of the second stage of labor in mothers in labor at the Motolohu Health Center UPTD, Pohuwato Regency. This shows that nipple stimulation can be used as an alternative to accelerate the labor process safely and effectively. It is hoped that nipple stimulation can be used as one of the non-pharmacological interventions that are routinely carried out in health facilities as an effort to accelerate the labor process. Further research with larger samples and long-term research is also needed to confirm these results

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women is a serious concern in efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Regular consumption of Antiretroviral (ARV) tablets is very important to suppress viral load and increase treatment success. However, the level of compliance of pregnant women in consuming ARV is still a challenge in various health facilities, including at RSUD Ir. Soekarno Morotai Island. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of success of ARV tablet consumption and pregnant women infected with HIV at RSUD Ir. Soekarno Morotai Island. This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The number of respondents was 16 pregnant women with HIV who were registered in the ARV therapy program at RSUD Ir. Soekarno Morotai Island. Data were collected through observation of ARV consumption compliance and interviews using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test to see the relationship between the success of ARV consumption and maternal health status. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of success of ARV tablet consumption and the health conditions of pregnant women with HIV, with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). A total of 15 respondents (93.8%) who were compliant in consuming ARV experienced improvements in health status, while 1 respondent (6.2%) with low compliance showed less than optimal health outcomes. The success of ARV consumption plays an important role in improving the health of pregnant women with HIV, as well as contributing to reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child. Therefore, compliance in consuming ARV needs to be continuously improved through education and support from health workers. Health workers are expected to be more active in providing education and assistance to pregnant women with HIV so that they are more compliant in consuming ARV. In addition, there needs to be a periodic monitoring and evaluation program to ensure the effectiveness of ARV therapy in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.

Labor pain in the first stage is one of the main challenges faced by mothers in labor. Effective pain management is essential to improve comfort and smooth the labor process. One of the non-pharmacological methods that can be used is warm compresses, which are believed to be able to reduce pain intensity through muscle relaxation mechanisms and increased blood circulation. This study aims to analyze the effect of giving warm compresses on pain levels in first-stage labor patients at Kotamobagu Regional Hospital. Method: This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach with a control group. The study sample consisted of 16 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Pain measurements were taken before and after giving warm compresses using a numeric pain scale. Data analysis used the chi-square statistical test with a significance level of p <0.05. The results showed that there was a significant effect between giving warm compresses on reducing pain in first-stage labor patients with a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Respondents who received warm compress intervention experienced a greater decrease in pain intensity compared to the group that did not receive the intervention. Giving warm compresses has been proven effective in reducing labor pain in the first stage. Therefore, this method can be recommended as one of the non-pharmacological pain management strategies in health care facilities. It is hoped that health workers, especially midwives, can be more active in implementing the warm compress method as part of labor pain management. In addition, further research with a larger sample size and a stronger research design is needed to strengthen these findings.

Sectio caesarea (CS) is a common surgical procedure for high-risk deliveries, but one complication that may occur is slow wound healing. This can be influenced by several factors, one of which is early mobilization. Early mobilization improves blood circulation, reduces the risk of thrombosis, and accelerates wound healing. However, many post-CS mothers are hesitant to engage in early mobilization due to pain and discomfort. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between early mobilization and the duration of wound healing in post-CS mothers at Morotai Island Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional design was used, involving 16 post-CS mothers who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was performed through observation, interviews, and a questionnaire, along with an examination of postoperative wound conditions. The Wilcoxon statistical test was used to assess the relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. The findings showed that mothers who engaged in early mobilization experienced faster wound healing compared to those who did not. The statistical test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between early mobilization and wound healing duration. Early mobilization was shown to be an effective strategy for accelerating post-CS recovery, as mothers who mobilized early had quicker recovery times. Based on these results, it is recommended that early mobilization be integrated into postoperative care plans to improve recovery and prevent complications. Additionally, more intensive education on the benefits of early mobilization should be provided to post-CS mothers. Healthcare providers at Morotai Island Regional Hospital should offer support and motivation to encourage mothers to engage in early mobilization, ultimately aiding in faster recovery.

Population policy in Indonesia represents a key government effort to regulate and control population growth. One of the most significant strategies in managing population growth is Family Planning, which helps reduce the rate of fertility and support healthier families. Among the various contraceptive methods, the IUD (Intrauterine Device) is a non-hormonal option that is commonly used by Fertile Age Couples (FACs). The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between the level of knowledge and the interest in the IUD contraceptive method among couples in the Puskesmas Pugaan area. This research employed an analytical approach using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study included all fertile couples in the Pugaan Health Center area. A purposive sampling technique was applied, selecting a sample of 20 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test with the SPSS version 25 software. The study found that 12 participants (60%) had good knowledge of IUDs, 5 participants (25%) had sufficient knowledge, and 3 participants (15%) had poor knowledge. Regarding interest in using IUDs, 16 participants (80%) expressed an interest, while 4 participants (20%) were not interested in using the IUD. The chi-square statistical test yielded a P value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship between knowledge level and interest in the IUD contraceptive method. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the interest in using IUD contraception at Puskesmas Pugaan. These findings suggest that improving the knowledge of couples about contraceptive methods like the IUD may play a crucial role in increasing interest and usage rates, contributing to more effective population control efforts

Wearable technologies, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, have gained popularity in recent years as tools for monitoring health. These devices are increasingly used not only by adults but also by children, offering a promising approach to promoting healthy living habits. This study investigates the impact of wearable technology on improving healthy living habits in children, specifically focusing on physical activity levels and dietary behaviors. The research employed a quasi-experimental design and involved 150 children aged 8 to 12 years who wore wearable devices to track their physical activity over a 6-month period. The data was collected through physical activity measurements, dietary assessments, and healthy lifestyle surveys conducted both before and after the intervention. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the children's physical activity levels, with a notable reduction in sedentary behaviors such as prolonged sitting. Furthermore, children using wearable technology showed improvements in their dietary choices, opting for healthier food options more frequently. Parents also reported a positive change in their children’s attitudes towards health, with an increased awareness of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. These findings suggest that wearable technology can be an effective tool in promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits among children. The study highlights the potential of integrating such technologies into children's health education to support the development of better lifestyle behaviors. Given the positive outcomes observed, it is recommended that policymakers, educators, and health professionals consider incorporating wearable devices into public health initiatives aimed at improving children’s health and well-being. Further research could focus on long-term effects and explore additional benefits of wearable technology in enhancing various aspects of child development.

The development of critical thinking skills is essential for preparing future generations to effectively navigate the challenges posed by rapid technological and scientific advancements. This study examines the effectiveness of STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students in Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design, this research involved 120 students from three elementary schools in East Java. The experimental group was taught using an integrated STEM approach, while the control group continued with a traditional curriculum. The primary objective was to assess how STEM-based learning impacts students' critical thinking, particularly in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in the critical thinking abilities of students in the STEM group compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced skills in problem-solving and reasoning, with notable improvements in their ability to analyze and evaluate information. Additionally, the STEM group exhibited higher levels of engagement, curiosity, and motivation in their learning, along with a greater ability to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to real-life contexts. These findings suggest that STEM-based learning can play a crucial role in developing critical thinking and other essential skills required in the 21st century. This research underscores the potential benefits of incorporating STEM education into elementary school curricula to foster critical thinking and prepare students for future challenges. The study recommends that policymakers and educators focus on providing the necessary training, resources, and support to effectively implement STEM-based learning in primary education. By doing so, we can ensure that students develop the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.  

Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death globally according to Global Cancer Statistics 2020. Pancreatic cancer does not show clear clinical signs in the early stages and is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages with poor response to treatment. The risk is increased in smokers, black race, high-fat diet, alcohol, elderly, presence of infection, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pancreatitis. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Better knowledge of risk factors, genetics, molecular pathogenesis, symptoms associated with this disease, and laboratory aspects is essential to inform health professionals and the general public for potential preventive and/or early detection measures.

This study analyzes the implications of Article 6 of the Graduate Competency Standards (SKL) in Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023 on the transformation of Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach and document analysis method, this study explores the alignment between national education policies and the objectives of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in shaping students' character based on Christian values. The main data were obtained from the text of Permendikbudristek No. 53/2023, the PAK curriculum, as well as supporting documents such as church guidelines and national education standards. The research results indicate that although the Graduate Competency Standards (SKL) are oriented towards strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile, there are opportunities to integrate Christian faith values within the framework of graduate competencies. However, challenges arise in adjusting the learning methodologies and evaluations while maintaining the distinctiveness of PAK. This study recommends the development of a contextual, collaborative, and responsive PAK model to national education policies without neglecting its spiritual mission.  

Learning motivation is a fundamental pillar of educational success, especially at the elementary level where children’s curiosity and enthusiasm must be nurtured continuously. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by teachers to foster and enhance students’ learning motivation in the IPAS subject at SDIT Al-Manar Pekanbaru. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that teachers implemented a variety of strategies not only focused on academic achievement but also attentive to the emotional and individual needs of each student. Contextual learning, cooperative group activities, and the use of rewards and positive reinforcement effectively encouraged students to be more active and confident in their learning. Parental support and a supportive learning environment also played a crucial role in creating an enjoyable and meaningful learning experience. This study highlights that a humanistic and holistic approach by educators not only enhances students’ learning motivation but also fosters meaningful relationships in the educational process.

The berthing process is one of the ship's activities to lean or dock to the loading and unloading port. Many things need to be considered when carrying out the berthing process, one of which is the use of anchors as a ship berthing aid. The use of anchors it self needs some high attention because this activity poses quite a lot of risks for the whole. So from these two things it is necessary to prepare information about the state and changes in conditions around the loading and unloading port of the ship. Navigation tools are also needed on the ship to help detect the situation around the loading and unloading port.

Implementation is an activity of application carried out to ach  ieve a goal with optimal results. Marine pollution is an international convention that discusses pollution caused by ships. According to Annex V MARPOL'78, waste is all food waste, household waste and waste materials excluding fresh fish, general ship operations that must be cleaned continuously or periodically. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Annex V in MARPOL'78 and efforts to handle waste on Km. Umsini. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. Based on the facts that the author found, Annex V in MARPOL 78 'has a great influence on the survival of marine biota. The author analyzes the implementation of Annex V and the efforts that occurred on KM. Umsini, which in reality there is still a lack of optimal implementation and efforts that occurred on KM. Umsini due to several factors that cause the implementation and efforts to be less than optimal, this is one of the important concerns so that the implementation of Annex V on ships can be optimal, and the author knows what efforts can be made by KM. Umsini in waste management on board ships is to make changes in terms of crew knowledge in recruiting sailors, or by increasing passenger awareness.

This creative skills training program aims to improve the income and independence of rural women through economic empowerment based on local potential. The main problem faced by rural women is the limited access to training, resources, and economic opportunities that support financial independence. The implementation method used a participatory approach through several stages: socialization, skills training, production assistance, and evaluation. The skills developed included creating creative products from local materials such as bamboo crafts, patchwork, and simple processed foods with economic value. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ ability to produce marketable products and their confidence in independently marketing their creations. Furthermore, participants began to manage income more productively and build community-based marketing networks. Thus, creative skills training proved effective as an economic empowerment strategy for rural women in fostering sustainable financial independence.

Enhancing the capacity of micro-entrepreneurs is a crucial factor in fostering sustainable local economic growth. This study aims to analyze the strategy of microeconomic empowerment through digital management and digital marketing training and to assess its impact on participants’ business management skills and competitiveness. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, and participatory observations among micro-entrepreneurs in the study area. The findings indicate that digital management and digital marketing training significantly improve participants’ understanding of business management, social media utilization for promotion, digital content creation, and effective online marketing strategies. Moreover, the training stimulates entrepreneurial behavior, enhances creativity in product innovation, and drives sales growth and business sustainability. Therefore, a digital-based empowerment strategy is proven to be an effective approach to strengthen microeconomic capacity and support sustainable local economic development.

Family health is greatly influenced by the knowledge and balanced nutrition practices of housewives, who play a key role in managing family food. However, many housewives still lack understanding of the principles of balanced nutrition, both in food selection and in daily meal preparation. This community service activity aims to improve housewives’ knowledge and awareness of balanced nutrition through a community education program. The methods used included counseling, interactive discussions, and hands-on menu planning practice. The participants consisted of 40 housewives from X Subdistrict, Y City. The evaluation results showed a significant increase of 35% in participants’ knowledge level after the program. Furthermore, there was an improvement in their motivation to apply balanced nutrition practices in the family setting. This program proved effective in strengthening the understanding and practical skills of housewives regarding balanced nutrition as a preventive effort against nutritional problems at the household level.

This community service program aims to increase awareness and understanding of clean and healthy living behavior (CHLB) among village communities as an essential preventive effort against infectious diseases. The activity was carried out through educational sessions, counseling, and practical demonstrations involving local residents, community leaders, and health cadres. The methods used included a participatory approach, focus group discussions, interactive lectures, and direct practice on personal hygiene, proper handwashing techniques, household waste management, and environmental sanitation. The implementation of this program resulted in a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to hygiene and disease prevention. The community became more active in maintaining cleanliness, reducing the risk of infectious diseases, and promoting a healthier environment. In addition, collaboration between the community, village officials, and local health institutions was strengthened, ensuring the sustainability of health promotion efforts. The implication of this activity emphasizes the importance of continuous education, behavioral reinforcement, and community empowerment as key strategies in building a resilient and health-conscious society, particularly in rural areas where access to health information and facilities is still limited.

This community service activity aims to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through digital marketing training to enhance the competitiveness of local products. The rapid growth of digital technology has created both opportunities and challenges for MSMEs, particularly in product promotion and market expansion. The training program was conducted through a participatory approach that included workshops, mentoring, and practical sessions on creating digital content, managing social media, and utilizing e-commerce platforms. Participants were guided to develop marketing strategies that align with consumer behavior in the digital era. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of digital marketing concepts, as well as improvements in online product visibility and sales performance. The activity also fostered collaboration among MSME actors to sustain digital marketing practices. The implications of this program highlight the importance of continuous digital literacy development to strengthen MSME competitiveness in facing the dynamics of the digital economy.

This research aims to analyze the accuracy of diagnosis and coding in patient medical records at Mutiara Delima Sawoo Clinic, Ponorogo Regency, and to identify the factors influencing it. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews with 1 medical records officer, observations with 1 medical records officer, 1 doctor, 3 midwives, 3 nurses, and the analysis of 260 medical record documents using instruments in the form of observation and interview sheets. The results show that out of the 260 patient medical records analyzed over one month, 31.54% were accurately coded with diagnosis and coding, 59.62% were diagnosed without coding, and 8.85% were neither diagnosed nor coded. The researchers recommend enhancing the training of medical personnel and strengthening the monitoring system to support service quality and insurance claims.  

  Medical records are a critical element in health services at the Mazaya Clinic. Field observations revealed that the clinic does not yet have a medical record folder; Patient documents are only stapled sheets without classification or physical protection. This condition poses risks of document damage, data loss, privacy violations, and operational inefficiency, with search times reaching 12 minutes—far from the standards of the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 24/2022. This study aims to design an integrated medical record folder by optimizing three aspects: (1) anatomical structure, (2) physical material, and (3) content completeness.This research used the Borg & Gall Research and Development (R&D) model through four stages: Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination. The prototype was made using 310 gsm art carton laminated with matte finishing. The design was validated by experts and evaluated through field testing at the clinic. The results showed the folder increased document protection (80% moisture resistance), reduced search time by 75% (from 12 to 3 minutes), and improved data accuracy by reducing input errors by 25%. The study concludes that this folder design is a practical solution for supporting clinical accreditation, patient safety, and cost efficiency. Recommendations include technical training for staff, digital system synchronization, and data backup strategies.