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Picky eating is a prevalent issue among preschool children, often leading to nutritional deficiencies, disrupted growth, and increased parental stress. This systematic literature review aims to explore the management of picky eating through complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) and compares these findings with contemporary interventions. Picky eating behaviors can significantly affect children’s eating patterns, leading to challenges in maintaining a balanced diet. Although traditional medical interventions focus on behavioral modification and nutritional counseling, many parents are seeking alternative approaches to manage these behaviors in a more holistic and natural manner. This review encompasses studies published between 2015 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "Alternative Therapy," "Picky Eating," and "Preschool Children." The review population consists of 20 articles, and the sample includes 5 selected studies that meet the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies in managing picky eating behaviors. Data analysis utilized thematic analysis, with the findings analyzed thematically to draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of CAT. The results indicated that mindfulness practices, dietary practices, Tuina massage as a traditional therapy, taste exposure, sensory learning, and nutrition education were all effective in reducing picky eating behavior among children aged 1 to 5 years. These approaches not only helped to improve children’s acceptance of a wider variety of foods but also contributed to the reduction of stress for both children and parents. The findings suggest that integrating these alternative therapies into conventional practices can provide a comprehensive and effective strategy to address picky eating in preschool children. Future research is needed to further explore the long-term impacts of these therapies and to identify the most suitable combinations for different individual needs.

Antenatal care (ANC) is critical for ensuring the health and well-being of pregnant women and their fetuses, particularly in reducing maternal mortality rates, which remain high in Indonesia. One of the contributing factors to this issue is a lack of knowledge and non-compliance with ANC visits. The goal of this study is to examine the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards ANC services at Puskesmas Siko, a health center located in Indonesia. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 34 pregnant women was selected using purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess their knowledge and attitudes regarding ANC services. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results indicated a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and their adherence to ANC visits, with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the study found a significant relationship between the attitudes of pregnant women and their participation in ANC visits, with a p-value of 0.004 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that pregnant women who possess more knowledge and have a positive attitude toward ANC are more likely to utilize these services. The study highlights the critical role that improving knowledge and attitudes plays in increasing ANC utilization, which is essential for preventing pregnancy-related complications and improving overall maternal health outcomes. Given the significant impact of ANC on reducing maternal and fetal health risks, it is crucial to implement targeted health education programs that aim to enhance pregnant women’s understanding of ANC’s importance and encourage positive attitudes towards attending these visits. The findings from this study call for greater emphasis on health education interventions that can improve the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women, thereby contributing to a reduction in maternal mortality and improved pregnancy outcomes in the region.

Pregnancy is a critical period that begins with conception and lasts until the birth of the fetus, typically lasting about 280 days. Adequate antenatal care (ANC) is essential to ensure the healthy development of the fetus and to identify potential complications early. One of the most important factors contributing to maternal and fetal health is the level of knowledge pregnant women have regarding pregnancy-related danger signs. This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and their compliance with attending ANC visits at the Ternate City Health Center. This research employed a qualitative design with a cross-sectional approach to examine the knowledge and compliance of pregnant women within the area. A total sampling technique was used, where the sample size was equivalent to the population size. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine any significant relationships between the variables. The results of the analysis showed a significant relationship between the pregnant women’s knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and their adherence to ANC visits. The statistical analysis indicated a p-value of 0.003 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a strong correlation between the two factors. This finding highlights the importance of educating pregnant women about the danger signs of pregnancy, as better awareness may lead to higher rates of ANC attendance. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the role of healthcare providers in disseminating critical information to expectant mothers, ensuring they recognize the importance of timely ANC visits. In conclusion, increasing knowledge about pregnancy-related danger signs among pregnant women is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes and promoting better compliance with ANC visits, ultimately leading to healthier pregnancies.

Anemia is a common condition among pregnant women, often caused by insufficient iron intake or poor absorption due to digestive issues. This condition can have serious implications for both maternal and fetal health. The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about iron tablets and their adherence to the prescribed regimen at Saritani Health Center. This study utilized a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population for this study consisted of all pregnant women visiting Saritani Health Center, with a sample size of 78 women selected through purposive sampling, based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The study’s findings indicated that the majority of respondents had a sufficient level of knowledge regarding the importance of iron tablets. A statistical analysis using the Spearman Rank test revealed a very strong correlation between the level of knowledge about iron tablets and adherence to their consumption, with a correlation coefficient of rs = 0.812 and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This suggests that the higher the level of knowledge about iron tablets among pregnant women, the greater their compliance with taking these supplements. The study also found that while most respondents had sufficient knowledge about iron tablets, their compliance was moderate, which highlights the importance of ongoing education and support. The results of this study emphasize the critical role that knowledge plays in improving compliance with iron supplementation among pregnant women. Health education initiatives targeting pregnant women should focus on increasing awareness and understanding of the benefits of iron supplementation to prevent anemia and its associated risks. This study calls for enhanced counseling and educational efforts at the community health level to ensure better maternal health outcomes.

Stunting is a major health concern in many developing countries, including Indonesia, with profound long-term effects on children’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. This condition is primarily influenced by factors such as malnutrition, infections, and inadequate care during the first few years of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with stunting in children under five years old within the working area of Puskesmas Tilamuta. An analytical survey design was employed, using a cross-sectional approach to examine 54 children, who were selected using accidental sampling. Data collection involved assessing factors such as exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices (MP-ASI), and low birth weight (BBLR). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test with Fisher's exact test to determine the association between these factors and stunting. The results revealed that exclusive breastfeeding had a significant impact on the occurrence of stunting, with a p-value of 0.002, suggesting that children who were exclusively breastfed were less likely to experience stunting. Similarly, the provision of complementary feeding (MP-ASI) was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.043), highlighting the importance of timely and adequate complementary feeding to prevent stunting. However, the factor of low birth weight (BBLR) was found to have no significant effect on stunting (p = 0.202), indicating that other factors, such as nutrition and feeding practices, may have a more direct influence on stunting in the studied population. This study underscores the critical role of exclusive breastfeeding and proper complementary feeding practices in preventing stunting. It also suggests that addressing these factors, along with other local health interventions, may help reduce the incidence of stunting in children under five years old in the area.

Exclusive breastfeeding is a practice where infants are fed only breast milk, without additional food, drink, or water, for the first six months of life. This practice is crucial for the infant’s growth and development. One factor that may affect breast milk production is the use of contraceptives, particularly the 3-month injection. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of 3-month injections and the adequacy of exclusive breast milk production in mothers of children aged 7 to 23 months. A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The sample consisted of 72 mothers with children aged 7–23 months, of whom some used 3-month contraceptive injections and others did not. The data collected from the participants included their contraceptive usage and breast milk production status. The results showed that 29 out of 36 mothers (80.6%) who used 3-month injections still produced adequate amounts of breast milk. A bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the use of 3-month injections and the adequacy of exclusive breast milk production, with a p-value of 0.039. This finding suggests that, while most mothers who use 3-month injections still have sufficient breast milk production, there is a clear relationship between the use of contraceptive injections and the adequacy of milk. It is important to note that while the majority of mothers on 3-month injections maintained adequate milk production, the choice of contraceptive method during breastfeeding should still be carefully considered. Health workers play a vital role in providing guidance to ensure the best choice of contraception for breastfeeding mothers to support both maternal and infant health.

The nutritional status of pregnant women, assessed using the Upper Arm Circumference (LILA), plays a crucial role in fetal growth and birth outcomes. Inadequate maternal nutrition can lead to low birth weight, which increases the risk of stunting a condition characterized by a height-for-age (TB/U) less than -2 SD. Stunting is associated with a fourfold increase in child mortality under five years old, highlighting its significant impact on public health. This quantitative case-control study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The study was conducted from August 25, 2024, to January 24, 2025, at Gogagoman Health Center in Kotamobagu City. A total of 60 toddlers participated, with 30 stunted toddlers (case group) and 30 non-stunted toddlers (control group). Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, medical records, and microtoise measurements. The study employed univariate and bivariate data analysis, using a chi-square test to explore the association between maternal nutritional status and stunting incidence. The results indicated that the majority of respondents had adequate (non-KEK) maternal nutritional status. Specifically, 40% of mothers in the stunted group were classified as non-KEK, while 83.3% of mothers in the non-stunted group were in the same category. A statistically significant association was found between maternal nutritional status and the incidence of stunting, with a p-value of 0.010. These findings underscore the importance of improving maternal nutrition to prevent stunting and its associated risks. The study recommends collaborative efforts between health centers and local governments to provide targeted nutrition education and support for pregnant women and women of reproductive age, aiming to reduce stunting incidence and improve child health outcomes.

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) experienced by each woman is different, some are slightly disturbed but some are very disturbed to the point of being unable to carry out daily activities and making them have to rest or even be absent from school. Data in the UKS book records show that 16 female students were treated at the UKS where 13 (81.2%) complained of pain during menstruation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm compresses on reducing dysmenorrhea pain in female adolescents. The type of quantitative research with a pre-experimental research design on the one group pretest and post-test group design research approach. The population of this study was female adolescents who experienced menstrual pain with a sample of 30 female adolescents using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection used an observation sheet. Univariate and bivariate analysis (Wilcoxon test). The results of this study showed that the average menstrual pain in adolescents before being given warm compresses was 4.7 and after being given warm compresses was 1.4. There is an effect of warm compresses on reducing menstrual pain in female adolescents (p-value = 0.000). Advice for young women is to apply warm compresses to reduce pain during menstruation.

The World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Ministry of Health strongly advocate for the initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth, exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding up to two years alongside safe and nutritious complementary feeding. Despite these recommendations, one of the main barriers to achieving exclusive breastfeeding is insufficient breast milk production. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding frequency and milk production adequacy among postpartum mothers. To achieve this, an analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 participants. Data was collected through questionnaires that assessed breastfeeding patterns, milk production, and other related factors. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to determine any significant associations. The univariate analysis revealed that the majority of postpartum mothers (60.5%) reported irregular breastfeeding patterns, and more than half (55.3%) of the participants stated that they experienced inadequate milk production. Further analysis through bivariate tests showed a significant association between the frequency of breastfeeding and the adequacy of milk production, with a p-value of 0.003. This suggests that mothers who breastfeed more regularly may experience better milk production, which can contribute to healthier infant nutrition. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging regular breastfeeding practices in the early postpartum period to enhance milk supply. Improving awareness and providing support for mothers in establishing a consistent breastfeeding routine could play a crucial role in overcoming challenges related to inadequate milk production and achieving the recommended exclusive breastfeeding practices. Further research may be needed to explore other factors that contribute to successful breastfeeding and milk production.

Antenatal Care (ANC) visits are one of the important efforts in early detection of high risk in pregnant women. However, there are still many pregnant women who do not routinely make ANC visits, which can be risky for the health of the mother and baby. This study aims to analyze the relationship between ANC visits and early detection of high risk in pregnant women at the Wori Health Center. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the frequency of ANC visits and early detection of high risk in pregnant women. This study used a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 16 pregnant women respondents registered at the Wori Health Center. Data were collected through interviews and medical record examinations to determine the frequency of ANC visits and the status of early detection of high risk. The statistical test used was the chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the chi-square analysis showed a p-value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05, which means there is a significant relationship between ANC visits and early detection of high risk in pregnant women at the Wori Health Center. Routine ANC visits have a significant influence on early detection of high risk in pregnant women. Pregnant women who routinely make ANC visits tend to be detected as having high risk sooner, so that appropriate preventive and treatment measures can be taken. It is recommended for the Wori Health Center to increase education regarding the importance of ANC visits for pregnant women, as well as provide adequate facilities to facilitate access for pregnant women in making ANC visits.

Immunization is one of the most important health activities necessary for improving children's health, helping prevent various infectious diseases. Despite its crucial role, many children still miss out on receiving complete basic immunization, a concerning public health issue. Among the various factors influencing the successful implementation of immunization programs, the support of family members, particularly husbands, plays a critical role. This study aims to explore the relationship between the support provided by husbands and the basic immunization status of children. A quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed in this study. The sample consisted of 40 respondents, selected through purposive sampling. The study used the Chi-Square test for data analysis to determine any significant associations between the variables. The results indicate a significant relationship between husband support and the basic immunization status, with a p-value of 0.02. The findings suggest that social support, especially from husbands, is essential in encouraging mothers to ensure their children receive complete immunization. The support not only involves emotional and informational backing but also practical assistance, such as accompanying the mother to health facilities or assisting in scheduling appointments. By involving husbands in the immunization process, mothers may experience less stress and greater encouragement, leading to higher rates of immunization compliance. These results emphasize the importance of engaging family members, particularly husbands, in health initiatives aimed at improving child health outcomes. Public health programs should consider strategies to enhance family involvement, particularly targeting husbands, to achieve better immunization rates and, consequently, improved public health among children

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the main risk factors that contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality. One of the factors that can affect the incidence of LBW is the hemoglobin (Hb) level of pregnant women. Pregnant women with low Hb levels (anemia) have a higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between Hb levels of pregnant women and the incidence of LBW at the Motolohu Health Center, Rancangan District, Pohuwato Regency, Gorontalo Province. This study aims to determine the relationship between Hb levels of pregnant women and the incidence of LBW at Motolohu Health Center. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design. The sample in this study amounted to 30 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through medical records and structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square statistical test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between maternal Hb levels and the incidence of LBW, with a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). This indicates that pregnant women with low Hb levels are at higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to mothers with normal Hb levels. There is a significant relationship between maternal Hb levels and the incidence of LBW. Low Hb levels in pregnant women can increase the risk of delivery with low birth weight, so more attention is needed to nutritional intake and iron supplementation during pregnancy.

Anaemia among teenagers is a significant public health concern that can adversely affect their quality of life, cognitive function, and academic performance. Nutritional status, commonly assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI), is suspected to influence the risk of developing anaemia. This study aims to analyse the relationship between BMI and the incidence of anaemia among students at Senior High School II Rilamuta. The primary objective is to determine whether there is a statistically significant association between BMI and anaemia occurrence in this population. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving a purposive sample of 30 students. Data collection comprised measuring each student’s BMI and examining haemoglobin levels to assess anaemia status. The BMI was calculated based on height and weight measurements, while haemoglobin concentrations were measured using standard clinical laboratory techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test to evaluate the strength and direction of the relationship between BMI and anaemia incidence.The results revealed a significant positive correlation between BMI and anaemia, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.746 and a p-value of 0.000, indicating strong statistical significance. This finding suggests that students with higher BMI tend to have a lower risk of anaemia, highlighting the protective role of adequate nutritional status. The study confirms that BMI is a relevant factor in predicting anaemia risk among teenagers. Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting healthy nutritional habits and improving nutritional status as crucial strategies to prevent anaemia in school-aged adolescents. School health programs should emphasize balanced diets and nutritional education to address this issue effectively. Future research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is encouraged to further explore causal relationships and additional factors influencing anaemia in this population.

Posyandu is a community-based health program managed by and for the community, aiming to strengthen local health systems and facilitate access to essential health services. The temporary disruption of Posyandu services during the COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and toddlers, highlighting the importance of resilient volunteer performance post-pandemic. This study aims to examine the correlation between post-pandemic competence and the implementation of the five main activities by Posyandu volunteers in Malang, Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative correlational research design, the study involved a total sample of 123 Posyandu volunteers from two villages in Malang. Data collection was conducted over July to August 2023. The findings indicate a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between volunteer knowledge and motivation, with a p-value of 0.007 and a correlation coefficient of 0.242. This suggests that while increased knowledge is associated with higher motivation levels, the strength of this relationship is limited. Further analysis assessed the relationship between length of service and volunteer motivation, revealing no significant correlation (p = 0.675, r = -0.038). These results imply that the duration of volunteer service does not influence motivational levels among Posyandu volunteers. Given these findings, enhancing volunteers’ knowledge through regular training and refresher programs is essential to maintain motivation and improve service delivery. The study recommends continuous capacity-building efforts to empower Posyandu volunteers, thereby ensuring effective implementation of health activities post-pandemic. Future research should investigate additional factors that may affect volunteer motivation, such as social support, recognition, and workload. Understanding these dimensions can further strengthen Posyandu programs and support the vulnerable community members they serve.

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors such as parity, age, and level of knowledge of pregnant women can contribute to the incidence of hypertension, including Severe Pre-Eclampsia (PEB). This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of PEB in pregnant women. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 20 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire and blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test for data normality and the Spearman test to measure the relationship between variables. The results showed that all respondents were in the age range of 20-35 years, with a balanced distribution of parity between primigravida and multigravida. The average blood pressure before the intervention was 162.75 mmHg, indicating hypertension, while after the intervention it decreased to 114.55 mmHg. In addition, there was a significant increase in knowledge level after the intervention (p=0.000). Analysis showed that parity had a correlation with the incidence of PEB, where primigravida had a higher tendency to develop hypertension than multigravida. Demographic factors such as education level and occupation also play a role in increasing pregnant women's knowledge and awareness of the risk of PEB. The conclusion of this study is that educational interventions are effective in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women and contributing to lower blood pressure. In addition, parity can be a risk factor in the incidence of PEB so prevention efforts are needed through education and regular pregnancy monitoring.

Complementary feeding is an important stage in infant growth and development. Lack of maternal knowledge regarding the appropriate timing and type of complementary feeding can have a negative impact on infant nutritional status, including the risk of malnutrition and stunting. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding mothers' knowledge and infants' complementary feeding practices. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 25 mothers selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire that measured mothers' knowledge level about complementary feeding and their feeding practices. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test using SPSS version 22, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the majority of mothers were 20-35 years old (48%) and had primary education (68%). A total of 44% of mothers had a low level of knowledge about complementary feeding, and 55% of mothers gave complementary feeding before the baby was 6 months old. Spearman correlation analysis showed a weak association between mothers' knowledge level and complementary feeding practices (p = 0.078; r = 0.359). Although not statistically significant, the direction of the association suggests that the better the mothers' knowledge, the more likely they are to provide complementary foods as recommended. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of educational interventions to improve mothers' understanding of complementary feeding to reduce inappropriate feeding practices. Community-based education programs can be an effective strategy to increase maternal awareness and ensure appropriate complementary feeding for infants.

Anxiety in third trimester primigravida is a common problem and can have an impact on maternal and fetal health. One method that can be used to reduce anxiety is prenatal gentle yoga, which is known to provide a relaxing effect and improve the emotional well-being of pregnant women. The aims to analyze prenatal gentle yoga as Non-pharmacological on the anxiety level in the third trimester of pregnancy. Using quasi-experimental design and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study sample consisted of third trimester primigravida who were divided into an intervention group (prenatal gentle yoga) and a control group. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using validated instruments. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test to test for differences in anxiety before and after the intervention in each group. The results showed a significant difference in anxiety levels before and after prenatal gentle yoga in the intervention group with a p value = 0.000. Meanwhile, in the control group, there was no significant difference in anxiety levels with a p value = 0.180. Prenatal gentle yoga has a significant effect in reducing the anxiety level of third trimester primigravida. Therefore, prenatal gentle yoga can be recommended as one of the non-pharmacological methods to reduce anxiety in pregnant women.

Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women, particularly during the third trimester, due to physiological changes such as increased body weight, shifting of the body’s center of gravity, and hormonal influences that loosen ligaments, as well as biomechanical changes in posture and gait. If not managed properly, back pain can negatively affect maternal comfort, mobility, and quality of life during pregnancy. One non-pharmacological method that has been shown to alleviate such discomfort is prenatal massage, which aims to reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and promote relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal massage on back pain in third-trimester pregnancy at PHC Bulango. A quantitative approach was applied using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester participated as respondents, selected based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected through observation and structured interviews using a standardized pain scale to measure back pain intensity before and after the intervention. Prenatal massage was administered following recommended maternal health protocols to ensure safety and comfort. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test to compare mean pain scores before and after the intervention. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain levels, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that prenatal massage had a meaningful effect in alleviating back pain among participants. The findings support the conclusion that prenatal massage is an effective, safe, and easily applicable non-pharmacological intervention for reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Based on these results, prenatal massage can be recommended as a complementary practice in antenatal care services to enhance maternal comfort and well-being during pregnancy, alongside other supportive health interventions.

The incidence of labor complications is one of the main challenges in maternal health. With the rapid development of digital technology, many health facilities have begun to integrate digital systems into health services. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the number of labor complications is still high, especially in areas with limited access to quality health facilities. Various factors, such as maternal age, nutritional status, education, and access to health services, contribute to the risk of complications that can endanger the health of mothers and babies.Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of childbirth complications in the era of health digitalization.Method: This type of research uses a quantitative approach with the Cross-Sectional Survey method. The population in this study were mothers who gave birth in health facilities in Malang Regency. The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique, which included pregnant women with a history of childbirth complications and the use of digital health services in the period 2023-2024. Sample: A total of 50 pregnant women were taken. The results of this study indicate a significant relationship between sociodemographic factors and the incidence of childbirth complications in Malang Regency, with a p value = 0.030 (p <0.05). This finding is in line with various previous studies that identified education, maternal age, age of marriage, and parity as important determinants of the incidence of childbirth complications. These findings confirm that although digital technology is increasingly developing in health services, fundamental factors such as maternal sociodemographic characteristics remain important determinants of the incidence of childbirth complications.

Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain is a common complaint in adolescent girls that can interfere with daily activities. One method that can be used to reduce menstrual pain is acupressure, especially at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6), which is known to relieve dysmenorrhea symptoms. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6) on reducing the scale of dysmenorrhea pain in students of SMP N 4 Kotamobagu. This type of research is quantitative with a pre-post test experimental design. A total of 18 respondents were selected by purposive sampling. This study used a pain scale measuring instrument to assess the level of dysmenorrhea pain before and after acupressure treatment was given at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6). Based on the results of statistical analysis, the p-value obtained was 0.001, which indicates a significant effect between acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6) on reducing the scale of dysmenorrhea pain in respondents. Acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP6) has been proven effective in reducing the pain scale of dysmenorrhea in female adolescents at SMP N 4 Kotamobagu. It is recommended that acupressure can be applied as a non-pharmacological method in overcoming menstrual pain in female adolescents