Publication Search

This study aims to identify, measure, and analyze the influence of learning independence on student learning outcomes with learning motivation as a mediator in public high schools in East Jakarta. This study involves 10th-grade students from 3 (three) public high schools in East Jakarta based on different categories, with a total of 273 respondents selected through the Simple Random Sampling technique. The approach used in this study is quantitative, and data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method through SmartPLS version 4.0 software. The results of the hypothesis testing show that, 1) learning independence has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, 2) learning independence has a positive and significant effect on learning motivation, 3) learning motivation has a negative and significant effect on learning outcomes, and 4) learning independence has a negative and significant effect on learning outcomes through the indirect influence of learning motivation. This study shows the involvement of other more dominant factors as mediating variables in the relationship between learning independence and student learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to create an animated video as a learning media for the theme "Wie die Zeit vergeht" in the Sprechen A2 subject with the Flipaclip application and the application of the 4D development model from Thiagarajan. The steps of this development model are: (i) the definition stage, (ii) the planning stage, (iii) the creation stage, and (iv) the dissemination stage. This learning media was developed based on the Kursbuch Netzwek A2 book. This research was conducted at the Language Laboratory of the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts, State University of Medan. The result of this creation is an animated video made with Flipaclip. This animated video was validated by material experts and media experts. The material validator gave a score of 85 (good) and the media validator gave a score of 90 (good). Based on the evaluation of the experts, it can be concluded that the animated video with the topic "Wie die Zeit vergeht" is feasible and can be used for the Speaking A2 course.

The threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is increasing develop along with increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture . Although SDN provides convenience in management network , properties its centralized control make it prone to to flooding attacks that can paralyze controller performance . Detection method conventional , such as approach statistics and machine learning, still own limitations in matter accuracy , high false positive rate , and dependence on extracted features manually . To overcome problem said , research This propose a hybrid deep learning based DDoS detection and mitigation model that combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extraction feature spatial from RGB and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) images for understand temporal correlation between traffic data network . System tested through network test-bed Mininet based with Ryu/Floodlight controller, using simulation DDoS attacks (Hping3, LOIC) and normal traffic (video streaming, HTTP server). Traffic data cross recorded in PCAP format, processed become RGB image measuring 200×200 pixels, and labeled based on type traffic . Evaluation results with metric accuracy , precision, recall, F1-score, and MCC show that the CNN–GRU model has performance more superior compared to baseline approaches such as CNN-only, GRU-only, as well as classical ML methods such as SVM and Random Forest. In addition , the system capable apply mitigation adaptive through automatic flow rule creation on edge switches. Findings This confirm that effective deep learning- based spatial -temporal hybrid approach in increase detection early and response DDoS attacks on SDN networks adaptive and real-time.  

his research aims to identifiy various of attitude scales and psychomotor assessment techniques within the context of learning. The method used is a quantitative approach through library research. The data sources were obtained through a review of literature from academic journals, reference books, and various instructional documents that present numerical data related to the practice of assessing attittudes and skills. The objects of study in this research include types of attitude scales, such as the Likert scale, Guttman scale, and Semantic Differential scale, as well as psychomotor assessment techniques, including performance observation, performance appraisal, and the use of rubrics. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive quantitative methods by presenting how frequently each model is used and the tendency of its effectiveness as reflected in various literature findings. Based on the research resulth, the Likert scale is the most commonly used to evaluate students attitudes, while in the assessmentnof psychomotor aspects, performance observation is the primary technique of choice.    

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Civic and Pancasila Education (PPKn) in instilling the spirit of unity and integrity among elementary school (SD) students. Using a qualitative approach through a literature review method, this research examines various scholarly works and relevant studies to develop effective and contextual PPKn learning strategies. The findings reveal that PPKn plays a strategic role in shaping national character through the understanding of national values, legal norms, and national identity. Programs such as “Sahabat Pancasila” serve as successful examples of implementing unity values in real school settings. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of variety in teaching methods and the low level of students' affective engagement. Therefore, recommended strategies include value-based learning models, contextual approaches, and regular teacher training. This research is expected to contribute to the development of character education policies and strengthen the role of PPKn in nurturing a young generation that is patriotic and tolerant.

This study aims to analyze strategies for creating a conducive classroom climate through the integration of classroom management and strengthening teachers' work ethic. The research employs a qualitative literature review method, collecting and analyzing various relevant sources. Findings indicate that a conducive classroom climate is influenced by three main factors: (1) effective classroom management, including physical environment arrangement, implementation of democratic approaches, and participatory learning methods; (2) teachers' work ethic encompassing commitment, creativity, and the ability to build positive interactions; and (3) institutional support through facilities and teacher development programs. Challenges such as administrative burdens and lack of teacher appreciation are also discussed. The study concludes that holistic integration of classroom management and teacher work ethic enhancement can create an optimal learning environment. Recommendations include improving teacher training, providing supporting facilities, and conducting further research to test this model's effectiveness in various contexts.

This study aims to determine the level of validity of Augmented Reality (AR)-based chemistry learning media using the Assemblr Edu platform on hydrocarbon material. This learning media was developed through the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Validation was carried out by three experts using an instrument in the form of a validation media sheet that includes aspects of content, visual appearance, interactivity, and suitability with learning objectives. The validation results showed that the developed learning media obtained a validity score of 96.39% and was included in the "very valid" category. This shows that the media is suitable for use in the chemistry learning process at the high school level, especially on the topic of hydrocarbons. With AR technology, this media is expected to improve students' conceptual understanding visually and interactively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that this media is effective and valid as a means of supporting innovative modern chemistry learning.

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of scientific publications related to the use of the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) model in improving students' mathematical critical thinking skills from 2015 to 2025. This research uses a bibliometric analysis approach with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through searches on Google Scholar and analyzed using the Publish or Perish and VOSviewer applications to identify publication trends, researcher collaboration, and mapping of main topics. From a total of 200 initial documents, 16 articles met the criteria and were analyzed further. The results showed a fluctuating trend in the publication of IBL studies on MVC, with peaks of attention occurring in 2020 and 2022. Network visualization and keyword density show that IBL and MHS topics continue to be an important focus, but face implementation challenges that require further attention. This research is expected to be a reference in designing effective learning strategies to improve critical thinking skills.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

The low ability of elementary school students to understand and connect interdisciplinary concepts highlights the need for an integrative and contextual learning approach. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning model offers a relevant alternative by fostering critical, creative, and collaborative competencies. This article aims to conceptually examine the implementation of STEAM in thematic learning within Indonesian elementary schools and to identify its potential and challenges. The analysis is based on a review of literature from various relevant sources discussing STEAM in primary education. The findings indicate that the STEAM model contributes to the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies, while supporting the development of 21st-century skills. This article recommends teacher training and the development of contextual learning tools to ensure the effective implementation of STEAM at the elementary level.

The Discovery Learning model has advantages, including fostering a sense of enjoyment in students due to the excitement of discovery that always leads to success. This encourages students to direct their own learning activities, engaging their minds and motivation during the learning process in class. This research aims to improve the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi through the application of the Discovery Learning model. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with two cycles. The results show that the application of the Discovery Learning model can enhance student learning motivation, marked by increased activeness, interest, and awareness in the learning process. This research implies that the Discovery Learning model can be an alternative for teachers to improve student learning motivation in elementary schools. Based on observations, student learning improved by 16% from cycle I to cycle II, while teacher activity increased by 15%. The learning completeness rate rose from 2.3% (pre-cycle) to 68.3% (cycle I) and reached 89.4% (cycle II). These findings demonstrate that the Discovery Learning model effectively enhances the learning motivation of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 219/IV Alam Barajo Jambi in Pancasila Education learning.

The objective of this study is to design an appropriate strategy in instilling character values ​​in grade 5 students of SDN Walikukun, with an emphasis on strengthening the values ​​of responsibility, discipline, honesty, and cooperation. The study employed literature studies and qualitative data analysis, which resulted in the conclusion that it is very important for character building in elementary schools to be implemented systematically and sustainably. These efforts need to involve the active role of various parties, such as teachers, parents, schools, and the surrounding environment. The implementation strategy includes integrating character values ​​in the teaching and learning process, habituating positive daily actions, role models from teachers, and monitoring student development through behavioral documentation. In addition, democratic and communicative parenting patterns greatly influence children's character formation, especially if adjusted to the child's innate personality type which can be recognized through approaches such as genetic personality. Simple digital technology can also be used as a supporting medium for character education, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure. The results obtained from this study are hoped to be used as a reference in the implementation of relevant and effective character education at SDN Walikukun.

The learning strategy of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and morality, especially in addressing educational challenges in the era of Generation Alpha. This generation, born amid rapid technological advancement, tends to be fast-thinking, visual, and practical, yet is also vulnerable to moral crises and ethical degradation. This study aims to describe and analyze the PAI learning strategies implemented at MTs Ma’arif NU Sragi in shaping the noble character and morals of students. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the applied learning strategies include project-based religious learning, internalization of values through teacher role modeling, utilization of Islamic digital media, and contextual learning relevant to students' daily lives. These strategies have proven effective in instilling values of religiosity, discipline, responsibility, and honesty. The success of these strategies is supported by a religious school environment, active teacher involvement, and parental support. Challenges encountered include limited technological facilities and the pervasive negative influence of social media. This study recommends the reinforcement of collaboration among teachers, parents, and educational institutions to optimize the role of PAI in developing the character of future generations.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Akidah Akhlak learning in developing religious character among 8th-grade students at SMP NU Kajen. Religious character serves as the foundation of Islamic education in facing moral degradation challenges in the globalization era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The results show that Akidah Akhlak learning is implemented through: (1) planning (integrated curriculum development and character-based lesson plans), (2) implementation (experiential learning, teacher modeling, and habituation), and (3) evaluation (authentic assessment). The formation of religious character is manifested in five dimensions: faith, worship, morals, knowledge, and practice. Supporting factors include pesantren-based school environment, parental support, and extracurricular religious programs, while inhibiting factors include social media influence, limited learning time, and diverse student backgrounds.

In mathematics, especially in the material of linear equations of one variable, learning media has a very vital role to maximize the success of the learning process. Through realistic mathematics learning methods, it can help students use interactive media to more easily understand complex concepts. The purpose of this research is to explain the steps for creating Adobe Animate-based learning media on PLSV material and to assess how useful it is as a tool in learning activities. Research and development (R&D) applies the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The results of the assessment stated that Adobe Animate-based learning media for the PLSV topic is very suitable for use as a supporting tool in learning the subject. Small-scale trials showed a practicality of 93%, while large-scale trials showed a practicality of 95%.

This study aims to analyze the use of the representative documentary Jalanan produced in 2013 as a learning medium in Pancasila education subject through the Piloting a Constructive Feedback (PCF) approach for tenth-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Paciran. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observation, closed and open questionnaires, and informal interviews. The results indicate that the documentary effectively facilitates students’ understanding of Pancasila values, particularly social justice, humanity, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The implementation of the PCF model encourages active student engagement in providing feedback, critical thinking, and reflecting on the meaning of the film both personally and socially. Student responses revealed an increase in empathy and awareness of social issues that were previously underappreciated. This study confirms that social-reality-based documentary media can serve as a contextual learning alternative relevant to the characteristics of Generation Z and Alpha, and is effective in strengthening value-based learning in Pancasila Education.

This study aims to develop teaching materials based on the TESMER approach on algebra material to improve the quality of mathematics learning at the junior high school level. TESMER as a development model is designed to bridge learning theory with classroom learning practices through systematic stages, namely the analysis, design, formative experiments, and retrospective reflection stages. The algebra material focused on includes algebraic forms, algebraic operations, and simple problem solving. This study uses a design research approach by involving teachers and students in the development process. The results of expert validation show that the teaching materials are included in the very valid category, with high assessments in the aspects of content integration, presentation, and language. Limited trials show that the teaching materials are practical to use by teachers and are liked by students. In addition, there was a significant increase in students' conceptual understanding and logical thinking skills after using the teaching materials. These findings recommend the TESMER approach as an effective framework in developing contextual algebra learning devices that are oriented towards meaningful learning.

Student learning outcomes in Social Studies (IPS) at Class 7H MTsN 1 Kota Kediri were initially low, due to the use of less interactive lecture methods. This led to low student motivation and difficulty in understanding the material. This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in Social Studies through the application of the cooperative learning model Teams Games Tournament (TGT). The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model conducted in two cycles. The subjects were 33 students of Class 7H. Data collection techniques included tests, observation, and questionnaires. The results showed an improvement in student learning outcomes across each cycle. The average score increased from 64.84 in the pre-cycle to 79.24 in cycle I, and reached 94.27 in cycle II. The percentage of mastery learning also improved from 3.03% to 81.82%, and finally reached 100%. Therefore, the TGT learning model proved to be effective in improving students’ learning outcomes in Social Studies.

Education plays a pivotal role in Indonesia's national development, as it significantly impacts the quality of human resources. Consequently, the government prioritizes education by aiming to develop students who are devoted to God Almighty, knowledgeable, and possess noble character. Educational personnel, particularly school principals, hold a strategic position in achieving these objectives. A school principal's leadership is essential in managing educational resources, collaborating with teachers and staff, and guiding students toward learning goals. In a decentralized education system, principals function as top administrators with multiple roles, including manager, supervisor, educator, leader, innovator, and motivator. However, educational challenges often stem from distortions in meaning and practice, which contribute to declining education quality. As the primary agent of school leadership, the principal must demonstrate professional competence to identify school needs, empower existing resources, and involve the community in achieving educational goals. The concept of modern schools—such as model and exemplary schools—has emerged in response to society’s demand for quality education. In this context, the school principal is required to lead with strategic planning, administrative effectiveness, and inspiring leadership to ensure school success and student achievement. This study explores the multifaceted role of the school principal in improving educational quality, emphasizing their responsibilities in management, leadership, educational support, and administration. It concludes that professional and competent principals are essential for shaping a school environment conducive to educational excellence and preparing competitive human resources in the global era.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of inquiry learning models in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects in class IV MIS An-Nizham Jambi City. The background of this study is based on the low involvement and understanding of students in the IPAS material, as well as the dominance of the lecture method used by teachers in the learning process. This study is a classroom action research (PTK), data was collected through (1) Teacher observation sheets, (2) Student observation sheets, (3) Student learning outcome test questions. Data analysis in this study used the percentage formula. Data analysis in this study used the percentage formula. The increase in student learning outcomes in IPAS learning in cycle I has not reached the Minimum Completion Criteria value that has been set at MIS An-Nizham Jambi City with a percentage value of 74.4% (good category), while when applying the inquiry learning model to Natural and Social Sciences learning in cycle II showed that 25 students with a percentage value of 91.15% were in the very good category and had reached the KKM but 2 more students had not reached the KKM. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that by implementing the inquiry learning model, it can increase teacher and student activities, and can improve student learning outcomes, in Natural and Social Sciences lessons in class IV MIS An-Nizham, Jambi City