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The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is closely related to the low number of pregnant women visiting the Community Health Center (Puskesmas). This situation can occur due to patient dissatisfaction with the quality of services provided by health facilities, which can lead to patients deciding not to undergo check-ups at the Puskesmas or going to non-medical personnel, which can lead to complications in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of health service quality on patient satisfaction among third-trimester pregnant women at Pucakwangi 2 Pati Community Health Center. This study adopted a quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted at Pucakwangi 2 Pati Community Health Center in October 2023. The sample size was 42 third-trimester pregnant women using BPJS services. The sampling method used was total sampling, and the results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test. The results showed that the dimensions of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy were related to patient satisfaction with a p-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, the assurance dimension was not related to patient satisfaction because the p-value was 0.356. Four quality dimensions were found to be related to patient satisfaction, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy dimensions on the satisfaction of pregnant women in the third trimester at Pucakwangi 2 Community Health Center, Pati. Meanwhile, no relationship was found between the assurance dimension and the satisfaction of pregnant women in the third trimester at Pucakwangi 2 Community Health Center, Pati. This finding indicates that improving the quality of health services, especially in the aspects of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, is very important to increase the satisfaction of pregnant women. The Community Health Center needs to conduct continuous evaluation and improvement in maternal health services to encourage regular visits by pregnant women, reduce the risk of complications, and contribute to reducing maternal mortality in the Pucakwangi 2 Community Health Center's working area.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence in Indonesia and is a major cause of serious complications, such as stroke, kidney failure, and heart disease. The high incidence of hypertension makes this disease a primary focus of NCD control efforts at the primary healthcare level. The Ulee Kareng Community Health Center has implemented a sustainable hypertension control program for the past three years with the aim of reducing the incidence of complications and improving patients' quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the hypertension control program using a logic model framework that encompasses five aspects: input, process, output, outcome, and impact. The research method used is descriptive analytic with a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to obtain a comprehensive overview of program implementation. The results indicate that the hypertension control program at the Ulee Kareng Community Health Center has had a positive impact. In terms of output and outcome, there has been an increase in patient compliance with therapy prescribed by healthcare professionals, a decrease in blood pressure in the majority of patients, and a decrease in the number of hypertension-related complications. This indicates that the program is quite effective in achieving its intended goals. However, several challenges remain. The main problems lie in the suboptimal data recording system and the suboptimal delivery of health education. To improve the program's effectiveness in the future, recommendations include strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system, increasing the capacity of health workers and cadres through training, and developing innovative media and educational strategies to make information more easily understood and applied by the public.

Before entering marriage, a person will generally choose a partner who meets their criteria. Choosing a partner is not something to be done carelessly, as this decision has a significant impact on the journey of the household and the harmony of the relationship in the future. Factors influencing partner selection can be very diverse, ranging from personal values, social environment, to the influence of developments in the times and mass media. One popular cultural phenomenon that also influences is K-Pop. For some people, a deep interest in K-Pop idols or artists can form certain standards or criteria in choosing a life partner. This study aims to determine the influence of idol worship on partner selection preferences among early adult female K-Popers in West Sumatra. The study subjects were 120 people selected using a snowball sampling technique. The study used a quantitative method, with instruments in the form of an idol worship scale and a partner selection preference scale compiled by researchers based on the dimensions of idol worship by Cheung and Yue (2018) and aspects of partner selection preferences by Townsend and Roberts (1993). The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicate that, in general, idol worship has no significant effect on partner choice preferences (sig = 0.405 > 0.05). However, when examined by dimension, attachment (sig = 0.002 < 0.05) and idealization (sig = 0.001 < 0.05) significantly influence partner choice preferences. This finding indicates that emotional aspects and idealization of idols can shape the criteria or ideal image of a desired partner, although idol worship does not have a direct effect overall.

Breast cancer, which typically develops from epithelial cells in the breast ducts or lobes, is a highly prevalent cancer among women worldwide. This disease requires intensive treatment, including chemotherapy, which plays a crucial role in stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells. Although chemotherapy is effective, it often causes significant side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, and a weakened immune system. These side effects have the potential to reduce a patient's overall quality of life, both physically, psychologically, and socially. Therefore, this study aims to establish a link between the occurrence of chemotherapy-related side effects and the quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at Cut Meutia General Hospital in North Aceh. This study used an observational cross-sectional approach, involving 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy between October and January. Participants were selected purposively to ensure compliance with the study criteria. Data collection was conducted using the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-BREF, a valid and reliable instrument for measuring quality of life in various domains, including physical, psychological, social, and environmental. Data analysis using the chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between chemotherapy side effects and decreased quality of life in patients with a p-value of 0.002. The results of this study emphasize the need for an adaptive and comprehensive side effect management strategy so that patients can undergo therapy more comfortably and maintain an optimal quality of life during the treatment process. A multidisciplinary approach involving medical personnel, psychologists, and families is highly recommended to support the physical and mental condition of patients during chemotherapy.

Personal hygiene during menstruation is a crucial aspect in maintaining the reproductive health of adolescent girls. Failure to adhere to personal hygiene practices during menstruation can potentially lead to various health problems, such as reproductive tract infections, pruritus vulvae, and vaginal discharge. Parents play a crucial role in shaping healthy behaviors in adolescent girls by providing education regarding the reproductive process and how to properly care for their genitals. Parents' roles in this context are considered effective if they actively provide reproductive health education, establish open communication, and model healthy behaviors. This education includes providing accurate information about reproductive organ function, techniques for cleaning genitalia during menstruation, and discussing health issues related to menstruation. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental role and menstrual personal hygiene practices among adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Sambirejo, Sragen. The study used a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 81 respondents, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires on parental roles and menstrual personal hygiene practices. The results showed that 53 respondents (65.4%) had parents with good roles, and 62 respondents (76.5%) had good menstrual personal hygiene practices. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank test resulted in a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Thus, there is a significant relationship between parental roles and menstrual personal hygiene practices in adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Sambirejo. This finding underscores the importance of parents' role in supporting proper menstrual hygiene practices through providing accurate information, open communication, and examples of healthy behavior, thus contributing to the prevention of reproductive health disorders among adolescents.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or function. The prevalence of diabetes continues to increase in Indonesia, particularly among adults and the elderly, requiring comprehensive and sustainable management. Diabetes management is not limited to pharmacological therapy but also includes non-pharmacological approaches such as dietary management, physical activity, and health education. One form of physical activity recommended for diabetes sufferers is diabetes exercise. This study aims to determine the effect of diabetes exercise on reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients enrolled in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) at the Gunungpati Community Health Center (Puskesmas). The study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. A total of 30 respondents were randomly selected from the Prolanis patient population, and blood glucose levels were measured before and after the diabetes exercise intervention. The intervention was carried out routinely and structured over a certain period. The analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed a statistically significant decrease in blood glucose levels after diabetes exercise, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The average blood glucose level decreased from 260.27 mg/dL to 211.33 mg/dL. This study concluded that diabetes exercise is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention in helping control blood glucose levels. Therefore, routine implementation of diabetes exercise in primary healthcare facilities needs to be promoted as a simple, effective, and affordable promotive and preventive strategy.  

This study aims to determine the contribution of work-family balance to work engagement in employees in long-distance marriages (LDM). The phenomenon of LDM is becoming increasingly common in the modern workplace, especially for couples who must live apart due to work demands in different locations. This condition can pose challenges in maintaining a balance between work and family life demands, which in turn can affect individual engagement in their work. Therefore, this study is important to understand the extent to which work-family balance plays a role in increasing the morale and work engagement of employees in LDM. This study involved 41 employees in LDM, with ages ranging from 24 to 50 years. The data collection method used two measuring instruments: the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) developed by Schaufeli and Bakker (2004), and the work-family balance scale developed by Carlson et al. (2009). Data analysis was conducted using simple regression analysis techniques to determine the contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable. The results showed that work-family balance contributed 65% to work engagement in employees in LDM. These findings indicate that the higher the level of work-family balance, the higher the employee's engagement in their work. Therefore, it is important for organizations to create policies and work environments that support work-family balance, especially for employees in long-distance marriages.

Background: Regular physical activity has a significant impact on improving the quality of health in all age groups. One of the main factors causing the increasing prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity is lack of physical activity. Data from various studies show that increasing physical activity and fitness levels can reduce the relative risk of death by 20% to 35%. This condition shows that physical activity is not only important for maintaining fitness, but also has a vital role in preventing premature death caused by chronic diseases. Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the benefits of physical activity on health and fitness through a systematic review of 13 relevant scientific articles. Results: The findings show that regular physical activity can improve and maintain muscle and bone health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, and reduce symptoms of mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. In addition, physical activity also plays a role in improving psychological well-being. Conclusion: Consistent physical activity contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of various chronic diseases, reduces the risk of premature death, maintains a balanced body composition, and supports optimal organ function. This results in a healthier, fitter body, and individuals being more productive in their daily activities.  

Basic immunization is one of the main pillars in the effort to control infectious diseases, which is important for the health of children from an early age. In order to achieve optimal health, immunization helps prevent diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, and measles that can cause serious complications or even death. The immunization program implemented at Posyandu Terkini 1 in Mario Village has a positive impact on public health, with an immunization coverage rate showing 97.90% in the South Sulawesi region. This study focuses on factors that influence the utilization of basic immunization at Posyandu Terkini 1 in Mario Village. In a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach, researchers involved the entire population consisting of 89 infants and toddlers in Mario Village through a total sampling method. Using the Chi Square test, this study identified factors related to the utilization of immunization services, namely maternal knowledge, maternal attitudes, family support, and support from health workers. The results showed that these factors significantly influenced the utilization of basic immunization, while access to immunization services did not show a significant relationship. This research makes an important contribution to the development of public health policies, particularly in increasing community participation in immunization programs. With a more integrated approach, particularly in educating the community about the benefits of immunization and the importance of support from families and health workers, it is hoped that immunization coverage in villages will be broader and more equitable. These findings will be published in the Jurnal Kesehatan (Health Journal) to provide further insights for relevant stakeholders in improving the quality of immunization services. Furthermore, this study also emphasizes the importance of the active role of health workers in educating parents, especially mothers, about the benefits of immunization and the vaccine schedule.

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is a health problem that still occurs frequently, especially in areas with limited access to health information and knowledge. One effort that can be made to overcome this problem is by providing health education to the community. Health education conducted using interesting and easy-to-understand media, such as audio-visual media, has been proven to be able to increase public understanding more effectively. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of audio-visual media in health education on increasing the knowledge of the Batu Merah B Hamlet community regarding ARI. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, in which 50 people were selected purposively as the research sample. Data were collected using questionnaires before and after the health education intervention using audio-visual media. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test to examine differences in knowledge before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge after the health education intervention (p < 0.05). The average score of community knowledge increased from 60.2 in the pretest to 83.5 in the posttest. This improvement demonstrates the effectiveness of audiovisual media in conveying information related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) and facilitates public understanding and retention. Therefore, it is recommended that health education using audiovisual media be used more widely in health promotion activities to achieve better results and accelerate changes in public health behavior. Health education using audiovisual media also provides a more interactive and engaging learning experience, thereby increasing community engagement in the learning process.

This study aims to determine the effect of peer pressure on smoking behavior among adolescents at SMP Negeri 16 Kupang. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of increasing smoking behavior among adolescents, which is greatly influenced by the dynamics of social relationships, especially peer groups. Adolescents are at a developmental stage where social acceptance and the need to be part of a group are very important, so they are vulnerable to the influence of the social environment, including peer pressure to try smoking behavior. This study uses a quantitative approach with the product moment correlation analysis method. The study sample consisted of 223 adolescent respondents aged 11–17 years who were selected proportionally from various classes at SMP Negeri 16 Kupang. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed a significant relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior, with a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means the hypothesis is accepted. The correlation value (R) of 0.317 indicates a positive relationship between the two variables, although in the moderate category. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.100 indicates that peer pressure influences smoking behavior by 10%, while the remaining 90% is influenced by other factors such as family environment, media influence, self-esteem, and adolescent psychological conditions. The correlation between peer pressure and smoking behavior was mostly moderate. Interestingly, the results also showed that female adolescents in this study were more likely to exhibit high smoking behavior than male adolescents, indicating a shift in social behavior patterns in female adolescents. These findings have important implications for educators, parents, and policymakers in designing more effective smoking prevention programs that take into account social pressure factors and gender differences.

This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination in completing final assignments among Psychology students at Medan Area University. Academic procrastination is a procrastination behavior often carried out by students when facing important tasks, including their thesis, which can impact graduation delays and decrease learning motivation. Psychological factors, such as emotional intelligence, are thought to influence this procrastination tendency. Emotional intelligence encompasses an individual's ability to recognize, understand, manage, and express emotions healthily, as well as establish positive interpersonal relationships. Students with high emotional intelligence tend to be better able to cope with pressure, manage academic stress, and maintain focus on their academic goals. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method to examine the relationship between the two variables. The subjects in this study were 80 final-year students who were in the process of preparing their final assignments. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with the criteria being active students who were writing their thesis. The instruments used consisted of an emotional intelligence scale and an academic procrastination scale compiled based on relevant theoretical indicators. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. The analysis results show a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination. This means that the higher a student's emotional intelligence, the lower their level of academic procrastination. This finding suggests that emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in supporting students in completing their final assignments on time. Therefore, developing emotional intelligence through psychological training or guidance could be a strategy to reduce procrastination among students.

This study aims to determine the level of body dissatisfaction among individuals experiencing food addiction. Food addiction is characterized by impulsive and uncontrolled eating behavior, particularly toward high-fat and high-sugar foods, accompanied by physical and psychological dependence. This condition increases the risk of weight gain and negatively impacts body image, especially among female college students who are vulnerable to social pressure and ideal beauty standards. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with incidental sampling techniques. Participants consisted of six female students from the Psychology and Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) programs at Universitas Negeri Padang, selected based on the food addiction criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16A) was used to measure body dissatisfaction levels. Data were analyzed using percentage distribution to provide a general overview of body dissatisfaction among the research subjects. The results showed that 66.66% of participants experienced high to very high levels of body dissatisfaction. This indicates a positive relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction. Students with food addiction tend to have negative perceptions of their body shape, influenced by social pressures, media exposure, and prevailing beauty ideals in society. These findings highlight the need for appropriate psychological interventions and education about healthy eating habits and self-acceptance in university environments. Through a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that students can develop a more positive body image and avoid eating disorders that may harm their physical and mental health. Additionally, this study can serve as a basis for developing mental health promotion programs and eating disorder prevention efforts among university students.

Students who live away from home often face various challenges in the adaptation process, ranging from separation from family, demands for independence, to adjustment to a new environment. These factors can increase the risk of feelings of loneliness and psychological problems, and potentially reduce their subjective well-being. This study aims to explore the relationship between social support and subjective well-being among students who live away from home, and to analyze the relationship between each aspect of social support and subjective well-being. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a correlational design, and the sampling technique applied is accidental sampling. The population of the study was students who lived away from home, with a sample size of 384 participants. The instruments used in this study included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. The results of the analysis showed a significant positive relationship between social support and subjective well-being, with a p value <0.001. In addition, the correlation analysis of the three aspects of social support showed that each aspect had a significant relationship with subjective well-being. These findings indicate that social support is one of the key factors influencing the subjective well-being of students who live away from home. Thus, it is crucial for students to build a strong social support network to improve their well-being during their time away from home. This research provides valuable insights for developing support programs for students living away from home to help them adapt better. Furthermore, support from friends, family, and the surrounding community can help students cope with the stress and challenges they face during their time away from home. This suggests that building positive social relationships is crucial for their mental and emotional well-being.

A lopography or barium enema colostomy is a radiographic examination of the colon using a contrast medium inserted through a colostomy. This examination aims to evaluate the condition of the colon after the colostomy, including detecting the presence of obstructions or masses in the gastrointestinal tract. The contrast medium used is a type of non-ionic soluble water that is inserted through the stoma and anus orifice until it fills the entire colon, characterized by the exit of contrast through the stoma. The examination was carried out using several radiographic projections, including plain photographs of the AP abdomen, as well as post-contrast projections of the Antero Posterior (AP), Right Posterior Oblique (RPO), Left Posterior Oblique (LPO), and lateral. This study aims to find out the procedure for the Lopography examination at the Radiology Installation of Caruban Hospital and the medical reasons for the use of two channels of input of contrast media, namely through the stoma and anus. The method used is qualitative descriptive research with a case study approach. The study was carried out from November to May 2025, with one post-colostomy patient as a sample. Data collection was carried out through direct observation, interviews with medical personnel, and documentation of radiographic procedures. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that the procedure of Robotic examination did not require any special preparation before the procedure. The non-ionic contrast medium used is mixed with aquades at a ratio of 1:3 (about 200 cc), and inserted through both the stoma and the anus to obtain a thorough visualization of the colon. The selection of two input paths aims to ensure that there are no blockages or masses that block the contrast flow. The projections used are adjusted to provide maximum information about the structure of the colon after colostomy

Asthma is a non-communicable lung disease, with symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing and repeated coughing. Attacks can last for only a few minutes, hours, days or up to several weeks. The therapy given in this case using Infra red aims to relax the respiratory muscles and also improve blood circulation. Chest physiotherapy includes a nebulizer which aims to deliver drugs in the form of gas that can be inhaled by the patient's respiratory tract. Postural Drainage aims to drain mucus from various segments in the lungs to the larger airways with the help of gravity. Tappotement aims to divert sputum from the lungs. Works This Scientific Writing is a case study, raising patient cases and collecting data through the physiotherapy process. The modality provided is Infra red and Chest physiotherapy. The results showed significant improvements after six therapy sessions. Cough intensity decreased from frequent to no cough, while shortness of breath reduced from moderate to none. Auscultation revealed that wheezing and ronchi sounds, initially present in both lungs, eventually disappeared. Additionally, thoracic expansion improved, and the respiratory rate, initially 32 breaths per minute, decreased to 24 breaths per minute, approaching normal levels. In conclusion the combination of Infrared therapy and Chest physiotherapy is effective in managing Bronchial Asthma, particularly in reducing sputum production, improving thoracic expansion, and normalizing breathing patterns. This therapy can serve as a supportive approach in pediatric physiotherapy for respiratory disorders caused by inflammation and mucus accumulation.

The development of information technology that is booming in Indonesia makes a lot of people interested in using gadgets, especially among school-age children. The existence of positive and negative impacts caused by the use of gadgets becomes a warning to always be vigilant in using gadgets. The study was motivated by a desire to find out whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with diet, whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with memory, and whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with their physical activity. By using a quantitative correlation approach that seeks to ascertain the degree of relationship between variables. Random sample selection with the number of samples used as many as 62 fifth graders from SDN Kludan were selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using smartphone addiction index-short version (SAS-SV), semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Digit span test, and Physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C).  The results of the study explain that there is a significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with diet evidenced by the significant value of 0.000<0.05, and there is no significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with memory and physical activity with significant values of 0.124>0.05 and 0.157>0.05.

Self-medication is a form of pharmaceutical service that allows the public to treat mild symptoms independently without a doctor’s prescription. While beneficial, improper self-medication practices can pose health risks such as drug resistance and misuse of prescription-only medicines. If not carried out carefully, it may lead to further issues such as bacterial resistance and dependency. This study aims to evaluate the self-medication services at Sehat Farma Pharmacy in Banjarharjo. A descriptive method was employed using interviews and direct observations to provide a comprehensive overview of self-medication practices in the field. Informants included a pharmacist, pharmaceutical vocational staff, and patients engaged in self-medication. The results indicate inconsistencies in the service flow, including the provision of prescription-only medications without proper medical consultation. There is a need to improve the understanding and adherence to appropriate service standards to enhance the safety and effectiveness of self-medication practices.

This research discusses the Juridical Analysis of the Application of Government Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Building in DKI Jakarta Province. The focus of the research is directed at the effectiveness of local policies in adjusting national regulations to the diverse urban dynamics of Jakarta, especially related to the Building Approval mechanism (PBG), supervision system, and enforcement of administrative sanctions. Using a normative juridical approach and analyzing local regulations such as Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 on the Implementation Regulation of Law No. 28 of 2002 on Building, this research identifies implementative obstacles, such as weak supervision, limited human resources, and low public legal awareness. The findings show that adaptation efforts have not been fully optimized, so policy adjustments, institutional strengthening, and cross-sector collaboration are needed. This research confirms the importance of digitalization, public participation, and consistency of law enforcement in creating orderly and sustainable building development in Jakarta.

In the Indonesian economic system, cooperatives play a crucial role as one of the pillars of the national economy, as mandated in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This article emphasizes that "the economy is structured as a joint venture based on the principle of kinship," which serves as the constitutional basis for the existence and development of cooperatives in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, focusing on legal frameworks and regulations related to cooperatives. The results of the study indicate that the government holds an important and strategic role in regulating and supervising cooperatives to ensure the protection of the rights and obligations of cooperative members. Through regulatory instruments such as Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives, the government establishes cooperative principles, good governance standards, and oversight and development mechanisms. The government’s efforts are aimed at ensuring the operation of cooperatives is transparent, accountable, and beneficial to all members. Furthermore, the study found that despite these regulatory efforts, significant challenges remain in the cooperative sector. These include issues such as weak financial reporting, low literacy rates among cooperative members, and the dominance of local elites, which can hinder the equitable distribution of benefits. These challenges need to be addressed to ensure that cooperatives can fulfill their role as economic agents that contribute to national development in line with the principles of kinship and mutual benefit.