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M. Sirozi; KMS. Badaruddin; Yuniar Yuniar; Hidayat Hidayat; Ibrahim Ibrahim +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The quality of a product is one of the most important factors in increasing the competitiveness of a product. Total Quality Management is an approach used in running a business to maximize the competitiveness of an organization through continuous improvement of its services, products, processes and environment. Total Quality Management according to Josep M. Juran Quality is the suitability of a product use (Fitness For Use) which is to meet customer needs and satisfaction. Josep is often referred to as "the Father of Quality" by using the concept of the Quality Trilogy thinking, namely Quality Planning, Quality Control and Quality Improvement. Integrated quality management (Total Quality Management) has success in the business world and impacted on other organizations including educational institutions to implement it. But there is still much debate about TQM applied in management education. Total Quality Management (TQM) needs to be done in every activity of the organization, so that the goals of the organization can be achieved and the investments made have not been in vain. With TQM, it can also be used to assess the ability of existing human resources (HR) to plan human resource improvements and organizational strategies in MTs Nurul Fajri.

Elisabeth Wambrouw; Deasy Widyasatomo

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The Map is a picture of the earth's surface that is displayed on a flat plane with a certain scale and the depiction of the earth's surface is reduced to a certain scale in the form of symbols that are selective in a certain projection system that is represented in two dimensions from a three-dimensional space. Various types of data can be described and explained in maps and provide information on the correlation of data to the geographical conditions (geospatial information) of an area which can then be used as a tool in policy formulation, in this case the customary area of ​​the Ayapo village in the East Sentani District. This research was conducted using a mapping method using spatial data based on satellite imagery from Google Earth Pro and community participation through field surveys through interviews. The data was then processed using ESRI ArcGIS software. The research was conducted in the Ayapo traditional village, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. From the results of the information depiction carried out, it was obtained a map of the Ayapo village, a mapping of the distribution of indigenous peoples which included traditional leaders and tribal chiefs as well as a map of the structure of the customary space. Mapping also obtained the development of the ayapo village for 3 years, namely 2002, 2014, and 2021 which showed the growth of the village spread out along the coast of Lake Sentani in a linear form. This customary mapping becomes a source of information for the development of traditional traditional villages in Jayapura district.

Muhammad Naufal Izzulhaq; Siti Robiah Adawiyah; Fida Nur Fauziah; Ulfa Husnafisaadah; Elma Esti H +6 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The Community Service Lecture work program in the form of hydroponic kale and catfish cultivation applications with an aquaponic system was carried out in Dawuhan Hamlet, Kayugiyang Village, Wonosobo Regency. The purpose of this KPM work program is to utilize the yard of the house so that it has productive value and educate the community with environmentally friendly cultivation systems. The stages of implementing this work program include the stages of field surveys and partner conditions, seeding kale seedlings, installing Aquaponics installation ponds, and mentoring activities. The technology used is the aquaponic system cultivation, which utilizes catfish manure as natural fertilizer for water spinach plants placed on it. From the results of the implementation of the KPM work program, it resulted in 1 (one) unit of aquaponic cultivation ponds, increasing public knowledge, especially for teenagers who are KPM partners.

Siti Nadiroh; Ida Puspita Rini; Deacy Eka Pratiwi; Istianah Istianah

Illocutionary speech acts can be found in everyday life or can also be found in movies which are a reflection of life. The author focuses research questions on (1) directive illocutionary speech acts; and (2) expressive illocutionary speech acts. This research method is descriptive qualitative. This method is used because the author describes the results of the analysis by describing. After conducting the analysis, the writer concludes that directive illocutionary speech acts and expressive illocutionary speech acts found in the dialogue of the film are based on several factors that support the validity of directive illocutionary speech acts and expressive illocutionary speech acts in the dialogue, namely the existence of other meanings from the actors' utterances. as well as the influence that arises from the speaker to the interlocutor.

Suyatno Suyatno; Nurul Istiqomah; Anik Enikmawati; Luthfiah Chusnul Khotimah

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Anak usia sekolah adalah anak - anak yang berusia 7 - 12 tahun. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi kesehatan mental anak, termasuk faktor eksternal dan internal.Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah.Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional pada 65 responden. Teknik sampling probability sampling.Instrumen penelitian ini mengguakan kuesioner, analisa yang digunakan dengan uji chie -square.Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah (nilai p 0,001 < 0,005).Kesimpulan:.Jumlah Responden penelitian sebanyak 65 orang siswa SDN Karangwuni dengan usia 7-8 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (32,3%), usia 9-10 tahun sebanyak 24 orang (37.0%)., usia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 20 orang (30,7%)2. perkembangan sosial dengan ketegori cukup sebanyak 37 responden (56.9%) dan kategori baik sebanyak 28 responden (43.1%)3. Untuk kesehatan mental menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan mental dengan kategori normal sebanyak 42 responden (64.5%) dan kategori tidak normal sebanyak 23 responden (35.4%). Maka terdapat hubungan antara perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah menggunakan Uji Chi-square dengan didapatkan bahwa nilai p- value 0.01.

Winanto, Sujoko; Maulidizen, Ahmad; Muctar, Abdul Haris; Jayanto, Jaya; Fauzi, Muhammad Hasby

Proceeding of The International Conference on Economics and Business 2022 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

This article describes the definition of quality management and examples of implementing quality management at PT. Wika Manufacturing Industries in the manufacture of GESITS electric motorcycle products, which we divided into five discussion points. The first is a discussion of the quality basis from the consumer's perspective, commonly referred to as the consumer's perspective, and the quality basis from the side, commonly referred to as the producers' perspective. The second is a discussion of the strategic role of Quality Management with the basic concept of determining excellence so that products can compete optimally when marketed. The third is a discussion of an evolution of the quality paradigm from the Technical to the Managerial Paradigm. The four analyses of quality management are trying to be explored according to experts' understanding and discuss Total Quality Management. The fifth is a detailed discussion of examples of the implementation of quality management at PT. Wika Manufacturing Industry in the manufacture of electric motorcycle products GESITS. And at the end of the discussion, we will provide conclusions about the challenges and strategic issues contained in quality management to answer every challenge in the times

Indra Ruswadi; Priyanto, Priyanto; Nengsih Yulianingsih

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Background: As is known, cervical cancer is a cancer with the 2nd highest incidence rate in Indonesia after breast cancer. With the high cases of cervical cancer in the community, the question arises, how much is the understanding of Village Empowerment and Family Welfare (PKK) cadres in efforts to prevent cervical cancer in their area, especially teenagers about cervical cancer. Objective: To find out how the efforts of PKK cadres, especially Pokja IV TP PKK Desa in providing KIE (Communication, Information and Education) to the people of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District in preventing cervical cancer by implementing the Kertas Menampik innovation (Karanggetas Preventing Cervical Cancer). PKM (Community Service) is held at the Kuwu Office, Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District, Indramayu Regency from April 18-23 2022 every 10.00 WIB - 14.00 WIB for 6 (six) days. The participants came from the Pokja IV TP PKK Village management and the Posyandu Cadre of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District, Indramayu Regency as many as 34 people. The materials needed in the meeting with Pokja IV TP PKK cadres, Karanggetas Village, Bangodua Subdistrict, namely: posters, leaflets and a description sheet of the Kertas Menampik innovation. This material was donated to TP PKK Desa, especially Pokja IV TP PKK Desa Karanggetas Subdistrict so that PKK cadres can use it in providing KIE (Communication, Information and Education) about cervical cancer prevention. The results of the activity: PKK cadres are very happy and welcome this innovation and will disseminate information about cervical cancer prevention to the people of Karanggetas Village, Bangodua District. Conclusion: the kertas menampik innovation has been applied to the next PKK cadres, the PKK cadres are planning to socialize this effort to the community, both during posyandu and outside posyandu activities. Suggestion: The implementation of this innovation should involve all components including: academia, business, community, government and media.  

Muhammad Ibnu Faruk Fauzi

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Habituation in education is very much needed because psychologically, students model more behavior or figures they idolize, including their teachers. Habituation is also no less important in learning activities. This is because any knowledge or behavior gained by habituation will be very difficult to change or eliminate it so that this method is very useful in educating children. Moral development activities for students are carried out at Dharma Wanita Sumberrejo Kindergarten through the habituation method of learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The research method used is a service method that describes the phenomenon that occurs as it is, data sources are obtained through school leaders, teachers and parents of children. The analysis is carried out with reference to the stages of tabulation, coding and giving meaning to the data. The results of the service show that the implementation of child moral development through the habituation method already contains the main teachings of Islam, namely Akidah (faith), Sharia (Islamic) and Akhlak (Ihsan). The method of habituation given by means of getting used to the behavior or moral attitude of the child repeatedly and continuously. In addition to the habituation carried out by teachers in schools, the role of parents is actually important for children's habituation in practicing Islamic teachings that have been taught through habituation in schools, but this role will not be maximized when parental involvement is not full on the development of children's behavior and morals.

Suyatno Suyatno; Nurul Istiqomah; Anik Enikmawati; Luthfiah Chusnul Khotimah

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Anak usia sekolah adalah anak - anak yang berusia 7 - 12 tahun. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi kesehatan mental anak, termasuk faktor eksternal dan internal.Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah.Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional pada 65 responden. Teknik sampling probability sampling.Instrumen penelitian ini mengguakan kuesioner, analisa yang digunakan dengan uji chie -square.Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah (nilai p 0,001 < 0,005).Kesimpulan:.Jumlah Responden penelitian sebanyak 65 orang siswa SDN Karangwuni dengan usia 7-8 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (32,3%), usia 9-10 tahun sebanyak 24 orang (37.0%)., usia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 20 orang (30,7%)2. perkembangan sosial dengan ketegori cukup sebanyak 37 responden (56.9%) dan kategori baik sebanyak 28 responden (43.1%)3. Untuk kesehatan mental menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan mental dengan kategori normal sebanyak 42 responden (64.5%) dan kategori tidak normal sebanyak 23 responden (35.4%). Maka terdapat hubungan antara perkembangan sosial dengan kesehatan mental pada anak usia sekolah menggunakan Uji Chi-square dengan didapatkan bahwa nilai p- value 0.01.

Aisha, Dinda; Aska, Winda Utari

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Kekerasan pada anak semakin tahun semakin meningkat datanya. Jika dilihat dari laman resmi KemenPPA, pada tahun 2022 terdapat 1,714 kasus yang dilaporkan mengenai kekerasan anak yang dilakukan oleh orang tua kandung anak tersebut. Kekerasan pada anak yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dapat terjadi karena niat melakukan disiplin yang keliru, hukuman yang diberikan karena perilaku yang kurang tepat dari anak atau karena orang tua tidak mampu meregulasi diri dan stres. Stres pengasuhan dapat berdampak pada kondisi psikologis orang tua, konflik dengan pasangan, cara mengasuh dan interaksi antara orang tua dan anak. Jika dilihat dari fenomena tersebut, salah satu upaya dalam pencegahan kekerasan pada anak yang dilakukan oleh orang tua adalah dengan meminimalisir atau mengelola stres pengasuhan yang dimiliki oleh orang tua. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk melihat bagaimana tingkat stres pengasuhan pada ibu di Dewa Waluya, Kecamatan Kutawaluya, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 31 responden yaitu ibu yang memiliki anak yang berdomisili di Desa Waluya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan The Parental Stress Scale (PSS) yang dikembangkan oleh Berry & Jones. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83,9% responden memiliki tingkat stres pengasuhan yang rendah dan 16,1% dengan tingkat stres pengasuhan sedang. Tidak ditemukan responden yang memiliki tingkat stres pengasuhan yang tinggi.

Indrasmitha, Gustyana; Yuswono, Irawan; Rahmadhani, Sari

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Akuntansi Terapan 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin

Penelitian ini terkait dengan situasi pandemi covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia, membuat UMKM melakukan perubahan cara penjualan. UMKM melakukan upaya dengan metode pemasaran untuk memecahkan masalah. Cara pemasaran harus sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat yang terkena dampak. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan metode pemasaran offline dan pemasaran online apakah dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Objek penelitian ini adalah responden yang berasal dari konsumen UMKM di toko buah Pak Desaya. Dimana UKM yang bergerak di bidang pemasaran sayur dan buah mengalami penurunan omzet penjualan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran offline dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan omset penjualan. Pemasaran offline menciptakan nilai bagi pelanggannya dan membangun hubungan pelanggan yang baik dan mengambil nilai lebih dari tanggapan pelanggan sebagai imbalannya. Demikian juga pemasaran online berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan omset, karena mampu membangun dan menjaga hubungan dengan pelanggan. Kegiatan penjualan online dapat memfasilitasi pertukaran ide, produk, dan layanan yang dapat memuaskan konsumen

Sagala, Joyce Margaretha; Hutabarat, Francis

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Akuntansi Terapan 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin

The purpose of this study is to find out whether audit quality and audit lag can affect going concern audit opinions during the 2018-2020 period in property and real estate sub-sector companies. This study uses secondary data obtained from company auditor reports taken on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website or www.idx.co.id. In this study, there were 159 companies studied during the 2018-2020 period. The test results in the hypothesis used are logistic regression analysis which results that audit quality does not affect going concern audit opinion while audit lag affects going concern audit opinion.

Barkhowa, Mokhammad Khukaim; Fitriyanti, Nurul; Barhaq, Vio Vanessa

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Akuntansi Terapan 2022 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin

New normal life aims to improve faith and religiosity, by worshiping according to their respective beliefs. Work engagement is also the feeling of workers being comfortable with their work or organization so that faith or worship is needed to be comfortable with their work or organization. This study aims to examine how religiosity has on employee performance with work engagement as mediation for company employees in Salatiga City. The sample in this study uses the calculation with the Slovin formula with a sample of 100 employees. Sampling using simple random sampling. There are three measuring tools for data analysis in testing the hypothesis, namely Simple Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Sobel Test through Classical Assumption Test, Model Goodness Test, and Validity and Reliability Test. The results of hypothesis testing are that religiosity has a positive effect on work engagement, work engagement has a positive effect on employee performance, and religiosity affects employee performance through work engagement.

Roudlotun Ni’mah; Khoirotus Silfiyah; Farida Isroani

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The Digital Age is a period that cannot be separated from the rapid increase in information technology. Islamic nature and character is very valuable as a channel and barrier for children at TPQ in managing information technology in today's digital era. This is what underlies the importance of Parenting Skill Training for TPQ Al Ikhlas Santri Guardians in the Digital Era, the Islamic Digital Parenting community movement program. This program demonstrates to introduce the computerized world to guardians, and teach them to have the option of getting ready. Young people are facing the rapid advancement of innovation by applying Islamic traits to children. This Business Program aims to provide skills to prepare and provide knowledge to guardians regarding correct Islamic parenting patterns for children in old age. Departing from this problem, then, at that time, what the guardians of santri needed to do to prevent and survive the bad consequences of the computerized world was to develop Digital Resilience in children. Advanced Resilience is its capacity to control the possible risks of an internet-based world by developing virtues in young people (Shotbolt, 2016, 2017). This work should be made possible by instilling great Islamic qualities and character in young people.

Mardiana, Dina; Iwan Fauzi

The Kutaringin Sultanate is one of the most magnificent heritages of the Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia, located in West Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. As a cultural product, these historical objects from the Kutaringin Sultanate are worthy of being documented through cultural semiotic study and developed into a lecturing model of language and literature containing of artifact discourses based on local wisdom. The purpose of this study is to describe the cultural meanings of historical objects from the Kutaringin Sultanate and their implications in language and literature lectures at the university. The implementation of this research used a qualitative method with two approaches, both were the lexical semantic approach and the pedagogical approach. The result of this study found 39 historical objects that can be culturally interpreted and developed into a lecturing model of language and literature containing artifact discourses based on local wisdom for the university students.

Suseno Hendratmoko

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research aims to determine the degree to which liquidity, profitability, and leverage affect dividend policy in Food and Beverage Sub Companies listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2019. Purposive sampling is conducted in this kind of quantitative study, with up to 11 samples drawn from a total of 32 organizations. In this study, the following analytical tools were applied: the Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, t Test, F Test, and Coefficient of Determination Test. To the study's findings based on the limited test, liquidity significantly affects dividend policy. Leverage has a low positive impact on dividend policy as well as a low positive impact on profitability.

Lia Siti Juleha; Anggar Riskinanto; Annisah Syairah; Aryana Dwi S; Oktaviani Puji Lestari +1 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan tahun ini berfokus dalam membantu masyarakat terutama generasi muda Indonesia pada usia 15-30 tahun untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mengenai kesehatan mental. Adapun masalah-masalah itu dapat berupa depresi, trauma, stress, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan adanya pandemi covid - 19, program PKM dapat dilaksanakan dengan berbasis pada jaringan internet (internet-based). Kami berfokus pada 2 media sosial yang paling berpengaruh dengan pengguna usia 15-30 tahun terbanyak di wilayah Indonesia yaitu Twitter dan Instagram. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan tiga tahap yang meliputi: tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, serta tahap refleksi. Hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi dan konseling kesehatan mental yang dilakukan menggunakan metode dua arah. Terdapat interaksi antara kelompok subjek sasaran promosi (mitra) dan penyuluh (psikolog klinis) sehingga muncul sikap aktif dan interaktif. MENFESS (Mental Health Confession) menyediakan suatu akun pengguna dimana para followers atau pengikutnya memiliki tempat untuk bercerita dan mengedukasi para komunitas yang peduli dengan kesehatan mentalnya.    

Robbah Khunaifih; M. Masrur Huda Asjhadi; Duta Bintan Fitriyah; Nailis Sa’adah

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Management of zakat funds requires an institution that handles it in a professional, trustworthy and accountable manner, starting at the central level to the regional level (read: at the lower level it is called UPZ). UPZ (Zakat Collector Unit) is an institution that collects as well as distributes or distributes zakat, formed and officially issued by the local regional BAZNAS. The purpose of its establishment is in accordance with the mandate of Law No.23 of 2011 concerning zakat, namely by becoming UPZ BAZNAS, UPZ operations have been standardized according to the principles of proper zakat management. The services provided by UPZ BAZNAS are more optimal with the authority to provide Evidence of Zakat Deposit (BSZ) printed by BAZNAS. The BSZ can be used as evidence that the zakat paid can be calculated as a deduction from taxable income (zakat as deductible items). One area in East Java in Gresik Regency, Dukun District, has formed a UPZ which is coordinated by the Dukun District UPZ Coordinator who oversees several UPZs, be it Village UPZ or Mosque UPZ and Taklim Assembly UPZ. The existence of the UPZ Coordinator is quite effective in coordinating the management of Zakat, Infaq and Shodaqoh (ZIS) for Muzakki (Zakat Givers), or Mustahik (Zakat Recipients) and Munfiq (Shodaqoh Givers). The potential of ZIS in Dukun Subdistrict, Gresik Regency is quite high, both from the trade, agriculture or animal husbandry sectors as well as from the professions through Professional Zakat. From the early 2017 formation of UPZ until 2021, there was a significant increase. From simply recording ZIS acquisitions to making direct deposits to BAZNAS Gresik, the nominal amount of potential starts from the acquisition of 800 million rupiah to more than 3.5 billion in 2021. This is none other than community participation after going through education and socialization from the Coordinator UPZ either through official or non-official forums such as Friday Khutbah, Tarawih Kultum or existing Taklim Assembly activities.

Dhany Isneni D.

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Education should be a center of attention in Indonesia, education services for the community, must continue at the level throughout the country. Implementation and service of education in Indonesia is still uneven, still focused on big cities. Many areas in Indonesia find it difficult for the public to obtain educational services, Jakarta as the national capital, as if everything is there and available there, but it must be admitted for Banten Province which is adjacent to the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for 2016, shows that the average length of schooling in the Banten region is only 8.37 years, in Serang District some students have to risk their lives because the school is damaged, so that classrooms are used alternately. Based on data released by the Ministry of Culture and Culture, there are 48% of schools in Banten that have been damaged and are not suitable for normal use as school rooms. The Banten Education Office stated that there are many problems driving the low net enrollment rate (APM) in schools in Banten, including inadequate facilities and infrastructure, educational services are not evenly distributed, and the community's level of education is still low. This research is intended to identify and examine the existence of the image of higher education, peers and facilities and infrastructure in influencing students' interest in continuing their education to a higher level. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with descriptive and verification properties. The analysis tool used is path analysis with the help of the SPSS for Windows 25 program. The results of the study show that there is an influence from the image of higher education, peers and facilities and infrastructure on interest in college.  

Ade Elza Surachman

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of operational costs and operational costs on sales volume. The research method used is quantitative research. The data used is in the form of secondary data, namely the financial statements of PT. XYZ on type C motorcycle products in 2016-2020. Based on multiple linear regression analysis tests, the results of (1) operational costs did not have a significant effect on sales volume, (2) promotional costs did not have a significant effect on sales volume, and (3) operational costs and promotional costs did not have a significant effect on sales volume.