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This study aims to describe the role of policy in improving the quality of learning using a qualitative approach. The data sources used in this study are literature study sources that include references from journals, books and other articles. In education, public policy functions to provide equal access to education, improve teacher competence, and develop relevant curricula. Quality education policies must adapt to the times, technological advances, and global challenges. Therefore, education policies are very important to produce a generation that is innovative, intelligent, and ready to face the development of a dynamic society.

This article examines the development of Islam in North Sumatra through various existing historical remains, including mosques, tombs and local traditions related to the history of the spread of Islam from the 13th century to the 20th century. This research aims to provide an understanding of how Islam spread and integrated with local traditions in the region. The method used in this research is historical research through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research results show that North Sumatra has a number of important historical remains, such as the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque, Maimun Palace, Azizi Tanjung Pura Mosque, and other historical tombs which are clear evidence of the spread of Islam in this region. This research also shows the important role of the Deli, Langkat and Asahan Sultanates in introducing and developing Islam, as well as how Islam adapted to local culture in North Sumatra. These findings provide an important contribution to understanding the history of Islam in Indonesia and the need to preserve historical remains as part of the nation's cultural heritage.

Character education is one of the important aspects in the world of modern education, especially in Indonesia which makes national character building a major vision of national education. This article aims to explore the implementation of extracurricular activities in supporting student character education at SMA Negeri 1 Panyabungan. Through structured activities such as sports, arts, scouts, and social activities, students are introduced to values ​​such as responsibility, cooperation, tolerance, and leadership. The results of this article show that extracurricular activities play a significant role in developing student character, creating individuals with integrity, independence, and are ready to face various challenges in life.

Classroom management is one of the important skills that a teacher must have to understand, analyze, make decisions, and take action to create a dynamic and conducive classroom atmosphere. Learning model planning is one of the indicators to support the success of a learning goal by analyzing student needs. For students, physics is a complicated lesson, often they avoid or fear this lesson. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is the most appropriate model to apply because this learning approach by implementing an authentic problem (real experience with what students often encounter or find in life) to students. This research is based on the literature review method by collecting data from various journals and previous scientific sources. The process in this method includes searching for literature relevant to the topic. The results show that physics learning using the PBL method shows very significant results, the PBL method students are able to understand concepts in depth compared to conventional learning or lectures.

Accreditation serves as a measurement of the eligibility of educational programs against predetermined criteria. This study analyzes the effectiveness of accreditation assessment instruments in enhancing school performance. Based on National Education Standards, the accreditation instrument functions as an evaluation tool to assess the quality and eligibility of educational institutions. Utilizing a qualitative approach through literature review, the findings indicate that the accreditation instrument effectively provides a comprehensive overview of school performance, encompassing aspects of learning, management, and facilities. This tool aids in identifying strengths and weaknesses, guiding the development of sustainable improvement strategies. The study concludes that the accreditation assessment instrument is not merely an evaluative tool but also a catalyst for the overall enhancement of school performance.

This study aims to explore and analyze the forms of commissive speech acts that emerge in the Jakarta Gubernatorial Election debate, as well as their impact on voter perception. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The data in this study are in the form of direct speech acts of commissive types in the delivery of vision and mission statements in the 2024 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election debate, which include commissive speech acts of promises and vows. The technique used in this study is documentary-based, with listening and note-taking techniques. The results of the data analysis concluded that the commissive speech acts in the delivery of the vision and mission in the 2024 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election debate included 9 utterances, consisting of 7 utterances of commissive speech acts of promises and 2 utterances of commissive speech acts of vows. The candidate pairs involved in the debate were Ridwan Kamil-Suswono, Dharma Pongrekun-Kun Wardana, and Pramono Anung-Rano Karno, each of whom used various forms of promises and commitments related to improving the quality of life for Jakarta's residents, infrastructure development, and economic growth.      

Academic literacy requires the use of citation techniques. It will authenticate research, acknowledge the original authors, and assist readers in locating additional reading materials. The citation styles of authors and scholars who publish on ScienceDirect and Google Scholar are examined in this study. Five research papers from each of these platforms are examined in our analysis, which focuses on the three primary citation strategies—direct quotation, paraphrase, and description that are outlined in Wang's framework (Wang, 2006). Our analysis reveals that while both platforms effectively employ these tactics, there are discernible differences in their implementation. Specifically, ScienceDirect papers tend to have more seamless citation integration, which enhances readability and coherence. The ScienceDirect articles do a great job of contextualizing direct quotes, simplifying complex ideas, and providing in-depth descriptive analyses that improve understanding without disrupting the flow. This research significantly advances writing abilities by determining the best practices for integrating citations into academic discourse. It highlights the need of considering platform-specific considerations when writing academic publications, particularly for researchers who are not native English speakers, and how understanding how different citation styles impact readability and coherence facilitates scholarly writing.

Pantai Amal Baru Village, East Tarakan District, Tarakan City, is a coastal area in Tarakan City that has abundant tourism potential and marine resources. The majority of the people of Tarakan City rely on resources in coastal areas as their livelihoods, especially as seaweed cultivators, fishermen, and coastal natural tourism drivers. Tarakan City has a fairly high potential for cultivating fishery commodities, one of which is seaweed resources, which are products of economic value as industrial raw materials that are urgently needed in the global market. However, seaweed cultivators face several problems, including capital, production costs, unstable market demand, unstable seaweed prices, and seaweed workers who do not have enough knowledge and skills regarding the improvement of seaweed processing in Tarakan City. This service activity was held in Pantai Amal Baru Village, East Tarakan District, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province on September 16, 2024 at 09.00-16.00 WITA. This activity was carried out at the seaweed cultivation site of Pantai Amal Baru with the participation of IRT, seaweed workers, and also small children. The methods carried out in this service activity are community education, improving the quality of seaweed cultivation, and documentation. This service activity describes the comprehensive objectives of the community service program which includes aspects of marine resource management and economy in the coastal community of Amal Baru Beach. This includes community education, improving the quality of seaweed cultivation, developing seaweed processing and increasing income.

The issue of plastic waste has become a global environmental challenge, with Indonesia being one of the largest contributors. This study aims to analyze the business opportunity of eco-friendly custom tote bags as an innovative solution to reduce plastic waste in society. The research adopts the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework to design strategies for a business that encompasses nine key elements. Findings reveal that custom tote bags made from eco-friendly materials such as muslin and canvas offer added value through personalized designs, effective digital marketing, and market segmentation targeting environmentally conscious youth. This study provides guidance for entrepreneurs to capitalize on the market potential of eco-friendly products and suggests optimizing social media for marketing efforts.

This article examines the story of David’s election as king of Israel in 1 Samuel 16:1-13 through a historical-critical approach. The focus of this study is to understand how God chooses based on the heart, not the outward appearance, as emphasized in verse 7. This study highlights the differences between how humans and God judge a person, as well as the importance of inner qualities in choosing a leader. Through this analysis, it is found that God asserts His sovereignty and prioritizes faithfulness, humility, and obedience as the main criteria in determining the leader of His people. This story is theologically and practically relevant to today’s life, especially in character development and spiritual leadership.  

This research explores the theological and economic value of Ulos as one of the local wisdom of the Batak people. Ulos, which is a traditional woven cloth, not only functions as body protection, but also contains rich symbolic meaning in various traditional ceremonies, reflecting love, prayer and hope. This study emphasizes the role of Ulos in reflecting Gospel values, such as love and salvation, and links them to theological responsibility in the context of economic activity. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, which involves interviews and observations of Ulos craftsmen. The main focus is on the challenges this tradition faces in the modern era, while highlighting the need to empower artisans to utilize digital marketing. In this way, Ulos is understood as a means of preserving local culture as well as enlivening the values of the Kingdom of God in society.  

Speaking ability is one of the important skills in education and daily life, but students often face obstacles such as lack of self-confidence and minimal opportunities to practice. This study aims to improve students' speaking ability through debate and discussion-based training. This activity is designed to provide students with direct experience in constructing logical arguments, conveying opinions effectively, and interacting in formal and informal forums. The methods used include theory training, debate simulations, and group discussions with periodic evaluations through observation and questionnaires. The results showed a significant increase in students' speaking ability, especially in terms of clarity of idea delivery, argument structure, and courage to speak in public. In addition, this training also had a positive impact on students' critical thinking skills, ability to work together, and self-confidence.

This community service activity aims to introduce the advantages of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) compared to Elementary Schools (SD) and the Paket A Program, particularly in the context of student learning and character development. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah excels in the integration of religious and general education, supporting the holistic development of student character. Based on various studies, including the development of gamification-based literacy media in MI and the internalization of multicultural values in MI, MI has proven to be more effective in instilling important religious and social values at an early age. While the Paket A Program provides educational opportunities for school dropouts, it does not directly accommodate religious education as MI does. The advantages of MI are also reflected in the development of wahdatul ulum-based teaching materials and interactive e-modules to improve science skills, which demonstrate a more innovative approach to teaching and align with 21st-century learning principles. Therefore, this activity aims to increase public understanding of MI's advantages in shaping student character, skills, and socio-economic intelligence, while emphasizing the importance of religious education in supporting the moral and ethical development of children.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science and statistics to analyze biological data and translate it into effective therapies. With technological advances, such as next-generation genetic sequencing, bioinformatics enables the development of personalized therapies based on an individual's genetic profile. This approach provides more effective treatment and reduces the risk of side effects. In addition, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates big data analysis, predicts therapy response and identifies disease biomarkers. Despite challenges such as the need for big data infrastructure and ethical privacy issues, the outlook for bioinformatics is bright. Through global collaboration and a multi-omics approach, bioinformatics is expected to become a key foundation in future medical therapy innovation.

This study aims to find out about . What is the mechanism for drafting regulations on changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). What are the implications and legal impacts on regulatory mechanisms for amending the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) which are not in accordance with statutory provisions. The method of data collection in this study was carried out by normative empirical, namely research that uses and processes primary data and side by side with secondary, empirical normative research is focused on the implementation of statutory (normative) legal provisions in action in every particular legal event that occurs in a society (empirical) related to the mechanism of Changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget. The results of the study show that the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget, hereinafter abbreviated as APBD, is the regional government's annual financial plan that is discussed and agreed upon jointly by the local government and the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), and stipulated by regional regulations/Perda. The APBD budget year covers a period of one year, starting from January 1 to December 31. The Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget consists of the Revenue Budget originating from Regional Original Revenue (PAD), which includes regional taxes, regional levies, regional wealth management results and the share of balancing funds, which includes Profit Sharing Funds, General Allocation Funds (DAU) and Funds Special Allocation. Also known as legitimate income such as grants or emergency funds. While the expenditure budget is the budget used for various purposes of carrying out government tasks in the region. The Regional Government submits a draft Regional Regulation concerning changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) for the current fiscal year to obtain approval from the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) before the end of the fiscal year. After obtaining approval from the Regional People's Legislative Council (DPRD) regarding the draft regional regulation regarding the Revised Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P), then the process of evaluating and establishing the draft Regional Regulation concerning the Revised Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) and the draft Regional Head Regulations regarding the translation of the Amended Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) into Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations. There are two legal implications of the mechanism of the Amended Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) regulations which are not in accordance with statutory provisions. First, all processes of a series of changes that do not meet the normative requirements cannot be followed up directly. Second, administratively, all types of regional government work programs originate from the remaining budget from the previous year. (APBD-P) as the legal basis

This research aims to identify and synthesize previous research related to optimizing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning through a systematic literature review. Data was collected from relevant scientific articles published in the last 10 years using certain keywords through databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results of the literature review show that the application of PBL consistently plays a role in improving students' critical thinking abilities, especially when supported by strategies such as the use of relevant contextual problems, structured feedback, and directed teacher guidance. These findings confirm the constructivist theory which states that meaningful learning occurs when students are actively involved in authentic problem solving. However, there are variations in results across educational levels and countries, indicating the importance of contextual adaptation in the implementation of PBL. In addition, the lack of comprehensive practical guidance and long-term evaluation instruments is a major obstacle. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to develop clearer PBL implementation guidelines and more accurate evaluation instruments to measure its impact on students' critical thinking abilities, as well as the potential of PBL in improving the quality of mathematics learning that encourages critical thinking skills as an important competency in 21st century education.

This study examines the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model through a miniature ecosystem project to enhance the creativity of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Winajaya III. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test group. The results revealed a significant improvement in students' creativity after implementing the PjBL model. Students demonstrated increased abilities in designing, developing, and evaluating projects. Additionally, PjBL facilitated collaborative and independent learning. These findings highlight the relevance of PjBL to the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes project-based learning to foster 21st-century skills.

The level of knowledge of the patient's family in the Stroke Unit at RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso regarding "Prevention of Decubitus in Bedrest Patients in the Stroke Unit of Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Wonogiri Hospital" is still quite low. Therefore, the group carried out PKM health education regarding the prevention of decubitus ulcers in bedrest patients in order to increase the knowledge of the patient's family in the Stroke Unit of RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso Wonogiri. The activity target to be achieved from this activity is 100% of patient families in the Stroke Unit of RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso Wonogiri who attended the event knew and understood how to prevent decubitus ulcers in bed rest patients.

Madrasah Tsanawiyah Azzidin Medan is a junior high school in Medan Denai District that promotes not only through manual media, but also through social media. However, during the period of 2023, the number of students who want to attend Madrasah Tsanawiyah Azzidin has decreased from 85 students in 2022 to 73 students in 2023. This is because there are still many teachers, education staff and school marketing staff who are unable to convey good and positive communication to prospective consumers through e-wom facilities, so they are less able to give a positive impression when conducting promotions. As a result, promotions with e-wom have not been utilized optimally, which makes parents of students as consumers unable to communicate carefully every message and positive impression through the school, because they still prioritize manual promotions, so that many of these prospective consumers have not been moved, so they decide not to attend Madrasah Tsanawiyah Aidin Medan Denai so that training and teaching are needed regarding the implementation of e-WOM. The method of implementing this training is done by conducting lecture methods, as well as through real presentations and simulations in implementing e-WOM applications on social media to carry out promotional activities in order to increase the number of students attending Madrasah Tsanawiyah Azzidin Medan. From the results of community service in the form of training on implementing e-WOM marketing applications, it can be seen that 37 education personnel, teachers and marketing personnel at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Azzidin Medan can improve their ability to implement the use of e-WOM applications when conducting promotions to increase the number of students who will attend Madrasah Tsanawiyah Azzidin Medan.

This study aims to examine the relationship between mental health, non-physical work environment, and the performance of generation Z employees in Bekasi City. Generation Z, who were born between 1995 and 2010 or are currently in the age range of 13-28, are known for their characteristics that include high proficiency in using technology, high levels of involvement in social media. However, Generation Z employees have negative characteristics, namely being easily anxious and stressed when things don't go as they wish. Generation Z feels stress at work caused by their perception of a very competitive work environment, long working hours, and tight deadlines in completing their tasks. This study uses a qualitative method through the distribution of questionnaires. The population in this study were 50 generation Z employees in Bekasi City. This study tested the hypothesis and analyzed the data using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) Computer Software version 3.0. The results of the analysis show that the influence of mental health has a significant influence on employee performance, while the influence of the non-physical work environment has a significant influence on employee performance.