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Papua Province remains at the top in addressing illiteracy issues. The Community Literacy Development Index (IPLM) in Papua Province stands at 20.02, significantly lower than the national IPLM average of 64.48. In 2022, it was reported that the literacy rate among individuals aged 15–59 in Papua Province was 81.53%, indicating that nearly 20% of this age group in the province is still unable to read, write, or perform basic arithmetic.  According to the head of the South Papua Province Education and Culture Office, over 36,252 children who should be attending primary to senior high school are either out of school or have dropped out. Merauke Regency contributes the highest numbers compared to other regencies. The purpose of this community service initiative is to provide literacy and numeracy (calistung) education to children who have dropped out or never attended school. The implementation method comprises three stages: planning, execution, and evaluation.The results of three months of calistung teaching at *Bevak Pintar* showed significant improvement in the reading, writing, and arithmetic skills of children who had dropped out of school or had never attended school.

Islamic education plays a strategic role in shaping the morality of individuals and society. Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic education not only delivers religious knowledge but also builds Islamic character rooted in the values of tauhid (oneness of God), hablum minallah (relationship with God), and hablum minannas (relationship with others). This study analyzes literature to explore the relevance of Islamic education in addressing the challenges of modernization and globalization. The findings show that Islamic education remains crucial as a foundation of morality by integrating spiritual, social, and technological values into the learning process. Active learning methods like PAKEM have proven effective in enhancing students' moral understanding, while communities play a vital role in supporting the success of value-based Islamic education. The main challenge is to keep Islamic education relevant by adapting to social changes, technological advancements, and local and global needs. Therefore, collaboration among educators, educational institutions, and society is essential to sustain Islamic education as a strong moral foundation in the modern era.

Child abuse in Indonesia, particularly in Bintan, shows a concerning upward trend. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning Agency (DP3KB) in preventing and addressing cases of violence against children. The research method employed is empirical research, collecting primary data through interviews and observations, as well as secondary data from relevant literature. Findings indicate that DP3KB has implemented prevention programs that include socialization of children's rights and campaigns for reporting violence, although it still faces challenges such as limited resources and lack of inter-agency coordination. The implications of this research highlight the importance of cross-sector collaboration and increased community awareness to protect children from violence. By understanding the steps taken by DP3KB, it is hoped that this can contribute to child protection efforts and the handling of violence cases in Bintan Regency.

Regional cooperation agreements are not something new, these regional cooperation agreements have a positive impact in improving people's welfare which makes this cooperation based on considerations of efficiency and effectiveness of public services that are mutually beneficial. In practice, there are problems that often arise in regional cooperation agreements. In this research, we want to examine in more depth the flow of implementing regional cooperation agreements and also want to examine what factors cause the failure or non-performance of a regional cooperation agreement with the Sumenep Regency Government. The results of this research are that the stages in regional cooperation agreements are regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 22 of 2020 article 6. And the problems that often arise are 1) The cooperation agreement that will be carried out is not accompanied by a draft of a mutual agreement between the regent and the leadership of the party that will collaborate. 2) Most of the articles on rights and obligations as well as financing have not found common ground so that the draft text of the cooperation agreement that has been discussed has not yet been signed. 3) The draft cooperation agreement that was prepared several times is not in accordance with the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation on Procedures for Regional Cooperation with Other Regions and Regional Cooperation with Third Parties.

This research examines issues related to citizenship and criminal responsibility in the context of international courts, with a focus on how these challenges influence law enforcement processes. Through a case study-based qualitative analysis approach and a review of recent literature, this research explores how dual citizenship, the political status of perpetrators, and globalization influence jurisdiction and justice in international courts. Case studies analyzed include The Prosecutor v. Al-Bashir and The Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen, who shows how these issues hamper international courts' efforts to enforce the law. The findings of this research underscore the need for reform in the international legal system, including legal harmonization, reform of extradition mechanisms, and increased coordination between courts. This research also highlights the importance of continuous education and training for international law officials to face new challenges in the era of globalization.

This study examines the interpretation of verbal and visual signs in the cutscenes of the video game Elden Ring. Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, provides the framework for analyzing these cinematic elements. Video games often embed narrative clues within visual and verbal signs, but players frequently overlook them, particularly during cutscenes, which interrupts gameplay to deliver critical story content. This research focuses on the main boss cutscenes in Elden Ring, which integrate environmental storytelling and visual signs to convey the lore of The Lands Between. Utilizing Peirce’s theory of signs and Barthes’ theory of meaning, the study identifies and classifies visual signs—icons, indices, and symbols—within the cutscenes to interpret their narrative significance. The data is derived from eight main boss cutscenes recorded during gameplay and supplemented by external visual references. A qualitative approach was employed, encompassing data collection through documentation, detailed visual analysis, and descriptive presentation of findings. Results indicate that Elden Ring’s cutscenes are rich with embedded signs that enhance the storytelling experience, though their nuanced meanings often require active interpretation and community discussion. This research underscores the importance of cutscenes in contributing to the depth and immersion of the game’s narrative.

Educational administration is the entire process of working together by utilizing all available and needed resources to achieve educational goals that have been set effectively and efficiently. Educational administration is basically administration in processing, organizing and allocating the resources contained in the world of education. Facilities are all the facilities needed in the teaching and learning process, both moving and immovable, so that educational goals can be achieved and run smoothly, regularly, effectively and efficiently. Meanwhile, the definition of infrastructure is facilities that indirectly support the course of the educational process, such as; yard, garden or school garden, road to school, school rules, and so on. Administration of educational facilities and infrastructure is something that really supports the achievement of the goals of education, as education personnel we are required to master and understand the administration of facilities and infrastructure, to increase effective and efficient work power and be able to respect the work ethics of fellow educational personnel, so that harmony and comfort will be created which can create pride and a sense of belonging from both the school community and the surrounding community.

During the glory of Islamic Civilization we encountered many influential Islamic figures who were able to master knowledge in various fields and branches of science. Many discussions werw studied by these figures. According to him, this allows us to examine the things that form the struggle of the ilama to essure that islamic value are always maintained and can entar into people’s lives, especially their application in the realm of education, this is often a factor in the development and decline of Islam in that era. Examining the understanding of knowledge from the these figures can open up insight inti the study of Islamic education that spread during the glorious era of Islam. One of them is about an Islamic sociological philosopher whose work is considered very fascinating. This research is qualitative research using research using literature review (Library Research). The source of data collection is related book literature and journal. In this research, the aouthor examines the realm of educational development according to Ibnu Khaldun. He was the one who succeeded in reviving intelectual thought in Islam in the Middle Ages.

This study explores the integration of knowledge and religion within Islamic education, focusing on the development of models that connect both domains. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research analyzes various integration models, including the justification of knowledge through Quranic verses, collaboration between science and religion, and the reconstruction of knowledge within Islam. The findings indicate that the integration of knowledge and religion not only enhances students' academic understanding but also shapes their character and morals in alignment with Islamic values. The study also identifies challenges faced in implementing integration models and provides recommendations for developing a more comprehensive curriculum. Thus, this research contributes to the understanding of the significance of integrating knowledge and religion in fostering an educated and ethical generation.  

The purpose of this paper is to study the process of processing approval letters for loading dangerous goods and the obstacles at the Dumai Class I Harbormaster and Port Authority Office at PT. Sinar Maritim Anugerah Dumai Branch. In writing the paper the author used field observation methods (Field Research) and library methods (Library Research) related to the subject matter taken. In the ship agency, the company carries out activities to process permits for unloading dangerous goods. Processing the approval letter for loading dangerous goods goes through several stages starting from making an application letter for loading dangerous goods by the ship agent, paying Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) or PUP for one activity, completing the requirements attached to the application for permission to unload dangerous goods , permission to load dangerous goods from the loading port, B/L and manifest. Then hand it over to the administrative and administrative division for issuing permits for loading and unloading dangerous goods and then hand it over to the Head of Harbormaster and Port Authority (KSOP) for signing. The obstacles faced by companies in processing permits to load dangerous goods consist of obstacles from the company and at the harbormaster's office. On the other hand, in the process of processing permits to load dangerous goods, companies pay more attention to the accuracy of staff to avoid mistakes in completing the requirements for processing permits to load dangerous goods.  

Pancasila, as the foundation of the Indonesian state, plays a crucial role in the formation of law, including customary law. This research focuses on how Pancasila’s values serve as a basis for the recognition and development of customary law, which is still acknowledged within the national legal system. The urgency of this study lies in finding a common ground between national law and customary law to strengthen a just rule of law. The research method used is a normative approach, analyzing legislation and legal literature. The results indicate that Pancasila can function as a foundation for harmonizing customary law and national law, thus reinforcing Indonesia’s plural legal identity. The conclusion is that Pancasila, as the state’s foundational philosophy, provides space for the existence of customary law, as long as it aligns with the core values of Pancasila.  

Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation is an organized, coordinated, simultaneous and massive operation or strategy from upstream to downstream to eradicate the circulation of illegal cigarettes. This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Gempur Operation in Pekanbaru City and to determine the factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Gempur Operation in Pekanbaru City using Campbell's theory of effectiveness in Mutiarin (2021) which is seen from the aspects of program success, target success, program satisfaction, level input And output and achieving overall goals. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this research show that the Operation to Fight Illegal Cigarettes in Pekanbaru City is still not effective. This can be seen from several indicators of effectiveness which show that stalls that have been prosecuted are still selling illegal cigarettes, the Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation has not been carried out thoroughly in Pekanbaru City so there are still stalls that have not been prosecuted and illegal cigarettes are still circulating as well as awareness or participation. the community in supporting the implementation of Operation Combat Illegal Cigarettes by reporting if there are still minimal finds of illegal cigarettes in their surroundings. The inhibiting factors in the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation in Pekanbaru City are limited Human Resources (HR), resistance from the community, public knowledge and the development of smuggling modes. The suggestion from this research is that there is a need for an educational campaign that touches all levels of society, the imposition of stricter sanctions to provide a deterrent effect and an increase in the frequency of more massive enforcement.

This study explores the intersection of citizenship and land tenure, examining how legal frameworks influence access to land and impact social identities within agrarian contexts. Employing doctrinal legal research, this research synthesizes literature and analyzes primary legal sources to uncover the principles governing land rights as they relate to citizenship status. The study utilizes a combination of statutory, case, conceptual, historical, and comparative approaches to provide a comprehensive view of land tenure systems across different regions and cultures. Findings indicate that citizenship status significantly affects land ownership and tenure security, often marginalizing certain groups such as women, indigenous communities, and non-citizens. The results underscore the need for legal reforms that recognize equitable land rights and address social disparities within land governance frameworks. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on agrarian law, advocating for policies that prioritize social justice and inclusivity, thereby enhancing sustainable development and resource management.Keywords: agrarian law, land ownership rights, citizenship dynamics, Indonesian citizens, legal framework.  

This study aims to analyze the role of citizenship as a legal instrument in the resolution of transnational agrarian disputes, which often involve more than one country and raise complex legal issues. The study focuses on three countries, namely Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa, to understand how citizenship affects land ownership and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with interviews, secondary data analysis, and legal policy evaluation. The results show that citizenship plays an important role in determining land rights and influencing the course of dispute resolution. In this context, alignment of national legal frameworks with international legal standards, as well as increased cooperation between countries, is necessary to create more effective and equitable transnational agrarian dispute resolution. This research provides novelty in identifying the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in addressing transnational disputes.

Every business requires effort to start thinking about its business. Most businesses have a primary goal of making a profit, but now, they must         shift to thinking comprehensively about other aspects beyond profit, namely people. Preparing a cost budget is a crucial component in a sustainable business, because this business does not only focus on financial profits, but also pays attention to social and environmental impacts. Challenges in budgeting for business sustainability include high initial costs for environmentally friendly technologies, measuring non-financial impacts, rapid regulatory changes, and limited resources. This article discusses these challenges and offers practical solutions, such as a phased approach, leveraging government incentives, and collaboration with sustainable partners. With the right strategy in place, businesses can strike a balance between profitability and immortality goals, building a strong foundation for the long term.

The purpose of this study is intended to determine the impact of incentives, work discipline, and work performance at PT Kreasi Produk Nusantara. The study involved 65 people. The research this time was quantitative, and the questions consisted of a list that used Slovin for measurement. SEM-PLS software version 3.0 was used to analyze the research data and process it. The results revealed that incentives have a significant effect on employee productivity, while work discipline and work performance have no significant effect on employee productivity.    

This study aims to analyze the application of sharia accounting principles in the financial statements of Islamic banks in Indonesia, focusing on the implementation of Sharia Financial Accounting Standards (SAK Syariah) and its impact on the transparency of financial statements. The Islamic banking industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid development, but the application of sharia accounting in financial statements still faces a number of challenges, such as differences in interpretation of sharia provisions, limited human resources, and difficulties in adapting accounting standards to the ever-evolving economic conditions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation studies of the financial statements of leading Islamic banks. The results of the study indicate that although most Islamic banks in Indonesia have implemented sharia accounting principles in accordance with the SAK Syariah guidelines, there are still differences in their application, especially in more complex transactions. The main challenges faced are differences in interpretation of sharia provisions and the limited number of auditors and practitioners who are competent in the field of sharia accounting. The application of sharia accounting principles contributes to increasing the transparency of financial statements, although there are still obstacles in terms of the general public's understanding of the technical terms used. This study also found that although most banks have followed the SAK Syariah guidelines, there are gaps in the application of sharia principles to more innovative financial products. Therefore, it is necessary to update the SAK Syariah to accommodate the development of more complex financial products and instruments, in order to improve the consistency and credibility of the financial statements of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the role of Annajah Tax Consultants in optimizing company tax management based on sharia economics in Bengkulu City. Tax consultants play a very important role in helping companies to fulfill their tax obligations in a legal manner and in accordance with sharia principles, such as avoiding the practices of riba, gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Annajah Tax Consultants provide education and counseling to companies regarding the importance of complying with tax regulations and sharia economic principles. By optimizing sharia-based tax management, companies can increase cost efficiency, improve the company's image, and gain the trust of investors and the public. This research concludes that the role of a good tax consultant can have a positive impact on the efficiency of company tax management in Bengkulu City, which ultimately supports company growth and sustainability.    

This research aims to analyze the influence of the marketing mix and service quality This study aims to analyze the influence of the marketing mix and service quality on customer satisfaction and its impact on customer loyalty at PT Delta Primalab Scientific. The marketing mix, which includes product, price, place, and promotion, is considered a crucial element in influencing customer satisfaction. In addition, service quality, which encompasses responsiveness, reliability, and empathy, also plays a significant role in building customer satisfaction and loyalty. This research employs a quantitative method using a survey technique (questionnaire) involving a sample of customers from PT Delta Primalab Scientific. The population of this study consists of 61 customers of PT Delta Primalab Scientific. The sampling technique used is the Slovin method, with a sample size of 53 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS to determine the direct influence between the variables studied. The research results show that the marketing mix significantly influences customer loyalty (β₁ = 0.352, t = 3.747, p = 0.000). Service quality significantly affects customer loyalty (β₂ = 0.319, t = 2.478, p = 0.014). Customer satisfaction significantly impacts customer loyalty (β₃ = 0.320, t = 2.690, p = 0.007). The marketing mix significantly influences customer satisfaction (β₄ = 0.453, t = 3.799, p = 0.000), and service quality significantly influences customer satisfaction (β₅ = 0.445, t = 3.830, p = 0.000).

This study looks at the legal ramifications of changing the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution's articles pertaining to citizenship (UUD 1945). The complexity of citizenship issues has increased with globalization, especially when it comes to dual citizenship and the rights of Indonesians residing outside. This study is classified as doctrinal research since it examines legal sources to determine legal principles. The study finds that amendments to the UUD 1945 are necessary to better align Indonesia's citizenship policies with global developments. However, these changes must be carefully considered to protect human rights and maintain national loyalty and identity. Reforming Indonesia's citizenship laws should be done thoughtfully, with input from various stakeholders, to ensure the resulting policies are inclusive and adaptable to the current global context. This research aims to contribute significantly to the development of Indonesia's citizenship policies and to offer a foundation for policymakers in crafting regulations that are more responsive to global challenges.