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The role of Pancasila as a source of law within the adat (customary law) system in Indonesia involves analyzing its alignment and contemporary challenges. Pancasila, as the state ideology, serves as a fundamental guide for the formulation and application of laws throughout Indonesia. However, integrating Pancasila's values into the diverse adat legal systems presents significant challenges regarding both value alignment and practical application. This study uses qualitative analysis with a case study approach to evaluate how Pancasila’s principles are implemented in adat law and assess how well these values align with existing adat norms. Findings indicate that despite efforts to reconcile Pancasila with adat law, there are several obstacles, including differences in value interpretation, resistance from indigenous communities, and difficulties in harmonizing national and adat laws. The article concludes that a more dialogic and inclusive approach is needed to align Pancasila with adat law and recommends policy reforms and enhanced understanding of Pancasila's values at the local level to ensure fair and sustainable legal enforcement.

This research explores the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in protecting citizenship rights in Indonesia. As a constitutional judicial body, the MK holds a crucial responsibility to review laws against the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945), ensuring that fundamental rights of citizens, such as freedom of expression, the right to education, and the right to privacy, are not violated by existing legal policies. Through the mechanism of judicial review, the MK acts as a primary guardian capable of annulling laws that are in conflict with the constitution. This study examines various significant cases where the MK has played a critical role in safeguarding citizenship rights. We also identify various challenges faced by the MK, including issues in implementing rulings and potential political pressures that may affect the independence of this institution. From a global perspective, this research compares the role of the MK with constitutional bodies in other countries to provide a broader understanding of how the MK functions in an international context. The research employs doctrinal legal research, which is a process of discovering rules, principles, and doctrines to address the issues at hand. The research is prescriptive in nature. The methodology used is normative/doctrinal/library research. The findings indicate that although the MK has successfully protected citizens' rights through significant rulings, there remains an urgent need to improve the implementation of decisions and to safeguard the institution’s independence. Recommendations for enhancing the MK’s role include expanding legal education to the public, strengthening public access to judicial review mechanisms, and fostering closer collaboration with legal academics and practitioners. With these measures, the MK is expected to continue functioning effectively as a guardian of constitutional rights in Indonesia.

Probative value refers to the extent to which the evidence provided is able to prove the facts being disputed. Evidence may be relevant in the sense that it relates to the case at hand, but relevance alone does not guarantee that the evidence will be well received or considered to have a significant influence. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the process of proof in criminal law plays a central role in upholding substantive justice. Evidence not only functions as a mechanism to test the truth of claims or accusations brought in court, but also as a tool to protect the human rights of the accused by ensuring that everyone is considered innocent until proven otherwise. Failure to assess probative value can lead to serious injustice in the form of wrongful conviction or wrongful acquittal. To address this problem, it is necessary to increase technical literacy among legal practitioners, as well as the application of more careful procedures in testing the validity and reliability of evidence.

This study aims to analyze the role of Pancasila in the formation of national legal norms in Indonesia. As the state ideology, Pancasila influences every aspect of legal development and implementation through the fundamental principles embodied in its five precepts. This research employs a qualitative approach using case studies, document analysis, and interviews to identify how Pancasila's values are integrated into the legal system. Data were collected from legal documents, judicial decisions, and interviews with legal experts and lawmakers. The findings reveal that Pancasila serves as a source of values and normative guidance, ensuring legal consistency, and facilitating evaluation and social control. The study also highlights how Pancasila supports public participation in the legislative process, contributing to a legal system that aligns with national ideals of social justice and democracy. These insights aim to deepen the understanding of how Pancasila’s values are applied withiystem.

This research discusses how Indonesia can integrate Pancasila values in anti-terrorism policies, amidst international pressure which often leads to harsher approaches based on the standards of Western countries. An approach that prioritizes security can conflict with Pancasila principles, such as respect for human rights and social justice. Pancasila as the basic ideology of the state emphasizes the importance of balance between individual rights and the interests of society. In facing the threat of terrorism, Indonesia needs to adopt policies that not only strictly enforce the law, but also prioritize prevention through education, community empowerment and strengthening human values. This research aims to analyze how Pancasila values are implemented in Indonesia's anti-terrorism policy and the challenges that arise in harmonization with international norms. Globalization and technological developments pose new challenges in the spread of radical ideology, so policies are needed that are responsive but still based on Pancasila. Indonesia's anti- terrorism legal policy must be able to balance tough law enforcement with a humanist and dialogical approach, in line with the spirit of Pancasila which upholds just and civilized humanity. It is hoped that this research can contribute to more humane and effective policies.

This research examines the integration of Pancasila values ​​in fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) regarding Islamic law, with the aim of understanding how the country's basic principles are accommodated in religious decisions that have a broad influence on society. Considering that the MUI plays a significant role in providing legal and moral guidance for Muslims in Indonesia, the fatwas it issues not only reflect an understanding of Islamic law, but must also be in line with the normative framework of Pancasila. This research uses a qualitative approach with analysis of the texts of fatwas issued by the MUI in the last five years, as well as in-depth interviews with experts in Islamic law and Pancasila. The research results show that, although the MUI attempts to integrate Pancasila values, there are several challenges in implementing these values, especially related to issues involving religious pluralism, human rights and social justice. The integration of Pancasila in the MUI fatwa is not only important to maintain social harmony amidst Indonesia's diversity, but also to ensure that the application of Islamic law can contribute to inclusive and just national development. Therefore, the MUI is faced with the crucial task of continuing to develop a more contextual and inclusive approach in formulating fatwas, so that it not only fulfills the demands of sharia, but also supports the nation's ideals as mandated by Pancasila.

Among social media users x is one of the popular platforms. The x application plays a significant role in dissemination and development that not only becomes a medium for spreading news but also becomes an ecosystem that supports evolution and adaptation. Through interaction and creativity contribute to dynamics, making application one of the major factors in development in the digital age. In this article, the writer reviewed social media users x. this study aims to identify the types of times in which they often use and to understand their context. Through qualitative approaches data is collected from the posts of social media users x and analyzed using the method of analyse analysis. Results. Research shows that social media USES a lot of information about other news items. Much about applications x:slang, viral news, online loan services (pinjol), and so forth, takes serious action from governments, communities, and parents to address this problem. Social media plays a very important role in the digital age, referring to the use of social media platforms to interact and communicate with others. There are positive effects on social media x (facilitating interaction and expanding association, there are many viral things), but it can also have a negative effect like spreading false information.

This research examines the management of the Indonesian School of Jeddah (SIJ) in supporting students towards the National Science Olympiad (OSN), with a focus on a student's academic journey.  This research highlights student experiences, management strategies implemented by schools, as well as challenges faced during competition preparation.  The role of school and family as main supporting factors is also analyzed.  Students who have a strong interest in science are actively involved in extracurricular activities, such as science clubs and research projects, and develop time management skills to balance studies and other activities.  The school provides a supportive learning environment, with resources and guidance from competent teachers.  The family also makes a significant contribution through moral support and instilling a strong work ethic.  This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with a case study method, which focuses on one research object to reveal the synergistic role between school and family in shaping student achievement.  These findings illustrate the importance of collaboration between schools and families in creating student academic achievement.

This research is motivated by faith in the books of Allah which is one of the fundamental articles of faith in Islam. These holy books are not just historical records or documents of civilization, but are also divine guidance presented to guide humanity. The aim of this research is to create faith in Allah's books to strengthen piety and obedience to the Creator. The research method used is a qualitative research method that focuses on a descriptive-analytical approach. Qualitative research was chosen because the main aim of this article is to explore and understand the meaning of the primacy of believing in Allah's books in the context of building piety and obedience. The researcher concludes that the result of this article is that deep faith in His books is the main basis for living a life full of blessings. This faith not only brings a person to a high spiritual understanding, but also encourages him to implement God's teachings in real ways in everyday life, both in personal, social and spiritual aspects

The Qur'an as the final revelation revealed by Allah SWT has a very central role in shaping the teachings and lives of Muslims. One of the most important aspects of the teachings of the Qur'an is the unity of the people, which can be a foundation in maintaining harmony and solidarity amidst existing differences. The virtues contained in the Qur'an, such as teachings on justice, tolerance, brotherhood, and compassion, provide clear direction for Muslims to unite and work together for the common good. However, amid the diversity of schools of thought, ethnicities, and thoughts in Muslims, it is important to re-explore the basic principles of the Qur'an that can strengthen relations between fellow Muslims. This study aims to explore the virtues of the Qur'an that can be the foundation of teachings that unite Muslims. This study also seeks to understand how these values ​​are applied in the context of the social and cultural life of Muslims, both in the past and in the contemporary era. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a thematic interpretation approach to analyze the verses of the Qur'an related to the unity of the people, as well as a study of the hadith to explore the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW regarding the unity of the Muslim community. In addition, this study also uses a historical and socio-cultural approach to understand the application of the teachings of the Qur'an in Muslim society from time to time. The results of the study show that the virtues of the Qur'an, such as teachings on brotherhood, justice, and tolerance, have a very important role in strengthening the unity of Muslims, even though there are differences in terms of schools of thought, culture, and views. The Qur'an provides clear guidelines that differences are not a reason to divide, but rather a blessing that enriches the diversity of Muslims. By exploring and applying the teachings of the Qur'an, Muslims are expected to be able to better maintain unity and harmony in facing the challenges of the increasingly plural and complex modern era.

Mosques play a crucial role in the lives of Muslim communities, not only as places of worship but also as centers for disseminating information and facilitating social communication. This study aims to explore the function of mosques in spreading information and facilitating communication, both through traditional methods and modern digital technology. The research utilizes a qualitative approach, involving field studies and in-depth interviews at several mosques in urban and rural areas. The findings indicate that mosques serve as strategic hubs for conveying religious, social, and cultural information through sermons, religious lectures, and community discussions. Mosques also function as public spaces, enabling communication across different social strata and generations. In the digital era, many mosques have embraced social media to reach a wider congregation, though some rural mosques still face technological limitations. The role of mosques in spreading information and facilitating communication has positive impacts on strengthening social solidarity, enhancing religious literacy, and empowering communities. In conclusion, mosques remain vital institutions for reinforcing social cohesion and communication within Muslim communities, though challenges remain in optimizing their role in the modern era.

Mosques have a very important role in the lives of Muslims, not only as places of worship but also as centers of spiritual and social development. This research aims to examine the function of mosques as places that purify the soul and strengthen spirituality. Through a qualitative approach using literature study methods, this research explores the role of mosques as centers of worship, character development, and strengthening social solidarity in the Muslim community. The research results show that mosques not only function as places of prayer, but also play a role in religious education, moral development, and social activities that strengthen relationships between believers. With its calm and peaceful atmosphere, the mosque is a place of reflection and contemplation, helping individuals draw closer to Allah and find inner calm amidst busy modern life.

Mosques play a role beyond just a place of worship; they also serve as strategic community centers in driving economic growth. This study aims to explore the role of mosques in economic aspects, from providing social services, education, to community-based economic activities. By involving qualitative methods, this study collected data through interviews and observations in several mosques that are active in economic empowerment programs. The results of the study indicate that mosques can function as community centers that integrate various economic initiatives, such as skills training, providing business capital, and developing local products. In addition, mosques also play an important role in fostering social solidarity and encouraging collaboration between community members. This study is expected to provide insight for mosque managers and policy makers to maximize the role of mosques in improving the economic welfare of the community.

This research discusses the role of mosques as Islamic cadre formation institutions in facing modern social dynamics. Through a historical approach, this article explores the function of mosques since the beginning of Islam, when mosques became centers for community development that included religious education, character cultivation, and leadership development. In a contemporary context, this research examines the adaptation of mosques to the challenges of globalization, social change and technological developments. The aim of this research is to analyze and describe the strategic role of mosques as Islamic cadre formation institutions in the context of social dynamics, both from a historical and contemporary perspective. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, regarding journals and books regarding historical and contemporary reviews of the role of mosques, especially in character development, education and leadership. The research results show that mosques not only function as places of worship, but also as effective agents of social change, contributing to the formation of character and solidarity among the people. Efforts to revitalize the function of mosques through technology integration, collaboration with educational institutions, and community-based cadre programs show the potential of mosques in developing people who are ready to face the challenges of the times.

Mosques play an important role in the social life of Muslims, more than just a place of worship. In recent decades, mosques have begun to be seen as potential venues for carrying out a variety of activities that can support community well-being, one of which is in the area of health. The purpose of this article is to provide a more in-depth understanding of how places of worship, such as mosques, can play a significant role in improving the overall well-being and health of communities. involving qualitative methods. using several data collection methods that are qualitative in nature, including in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. In-depth interviews were conducted with mosque administrators, medical personnel, and worshipers to explore their understanding of various aspects of the health program implemented at the mosque. The interviews were semi-structured, where the researcher used flexible interview guidelines to allow informants to explain their experiences more freely. research results This article examines how mosques can function as health centers that not only provide medical services, but also play a role in health education and counseling to worshipers. The research includes an analysis of mosques that have run health programs, such as free health check-ups, counseling on healthy lifestyles, and raising awareness of the importance of health.

Mosques have a very important role in the lives of Muslims, not only as places of worship, but also as a source of spiritual security. As centers of religious activity, mosques provide a conducive environment for the development of faith and piety. In this context, the mosque functions as a protector from negative influences that can disrupt the spiritual stability of individuals and communities. This research aims to examine the function of mosques as places of spiritual security. In the midst of the onslaught of information and moral challenges facing modern society, mosques are the first fortress that protects people from destructive influences. In it, pilgrims can find calm and peace, as well as strengthen social ties between community members. Worship activities, recitations and religious discussions in mosques contribute to deepening spiritual and moral understanding. Through a qualitative approach using heritage study methods, this research explores the role of mosques as places of spiritual refuge which is also reflected in the practice of congregational prayer. This activity not only strengthens a sense of togetherness, but also builds discipline in worship. This discipline is important for forming an individual's character of obedience and integrity, making him more resistant to worldly temptations. The research results show that the mosque functions as a place of education and dissemination of Islamic values. Through educational and da'wah programs, mosques can create awareness of the importance of morality and ethics in everyday life. This functions as a shield against deviant behavior that can threaten societal harmony.

Poverty means the inability to fulfill the basic needs of family members, both food and non-food.  In this study, we will analyze several indicators that are assumed to be factors that influence poverty in East Java in 2023, including East Java in 2023, including the percentage of poor people, life expectancy, average years of schooling, and unemployment rate. life expectancy, average years of schooling, and open unemployment rate using cluster analysis to group kabupatens. cluster analysis to group districts/cities into clusters based on the factors that influence poverty. factors that influence poverty. The data used is secondary data obtained through the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) website as much as 38 data. Then the data obtained were analyzed for data characteristics, multivariate normal distribution assumption test, independent assumption test, and cluster analysis. assumption test, multivariate normal distribution, independent assumption test, cluster analysis hierarchical, and non-hierarchical cluster analysis, and selection of the best method to determine the optimum cluster. optimum cluster. So that the results obtained data characteristics tend not to be equal, fulfill the multivariate normal distribution assumption test, dependent data. At Hierarchical clustering results obtained the grouping of districts/cities in East Java based on the factors that influence poverty into 5 based on factors that influence poverty into 5 clusters, with 7 districts/municipalities in cluster 1, 16 districts/municipalities in cluster 2, 10 districts/municipalities in cluster 3, 4 districts/municipalities in cluster 4. districts/municipalities in cluster 3, 4 districts/municipalities in cluster 4, and 1 district/municipality in cluster 5. Based on these results, differences in characteristics between clusters indicates that there are significant variations in poverty factors in each region. The results of the non-hierarchical clustering resulted in the grouping of districts/municipalities in East Java based on the factors affecting poverty into 2 clusters, with 13 clusters. factors that influence poverty as many as 2 clusters, with 13 cluster 1, 25 districts/cities in cluster 2. Also, the results of the ANOVA test results obtained the results of all variables of the factors that influencing poverty in districts/municipalities in East Java Province significantly on poverty.

The main problem in this study is how conflict management can be applied effectively in school organizations. The discussion of this study uses the literature review method. The data obtained are processed by reviewing scientific journals and books related to the topic. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the role of conflict management in school organizations and to identify effective strategies in handling conflicts. The findings of this study are that determining the approach and strategy of conflict management is very important, namely with open communication. In addition, the role of the principal is also very important and needs to improve skills and attend training on conflict management. The implications of this conflict management can minimize stress in school organizations.    

This study aims to analyze the quality of services at the Integrated Police Service Center (SPKT) of the Biak Numfor Police Department in improving public satisfaction. This research employs a qualitative narrative method with samples including the Head of SPKT of the Biak Numfor Police, police officers assigned to the SPKT, and community members who received SPKT services. The data collection instrument used was interviews. The findings indicate that the services provided by the Biak Numfor Police officers, particularly in terms of attitude, communication, and fairness, have been satisfactory. The friendly demeanor of the officers, such as smiling while receiving reports or complaints, leaves a positive impression on the community. However, certain aspects of the service remain below public expectations, including timeliness in following up on reports, clarity in case resolution, and officer discipline in service delivery. Additionally, there were some practices perceived by the community as lacking consistency, which affected the overall service quality. According to public surveys, these issues result in less-than-optimal satisfaction with the services at SPKT Biak Numfor Police.

This study examines the legal protection for stateless persons within the framework of citizenship and human rights. The focus is on assessing the effectiveness of international legal frameworks and national policies in safeguarding the fundamental rights of individuals without citizenship. The research employs a qualitative analysis of key legal instruments, including the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, alongside case studies of policy implementation across various countries. The findings reveal that, despite a robust international legal framework, there are significant gaps in implementation and enforcement, leading to ongoing discrimination and human rights violations against stateless persons. The study recommends comprehensive policy reforms and enhanced international cooperation to improve legal protection for this vulnerable group.